Homophily and Murder
Apart from Info 2040, there are other classes that discuss relevant topics about connectivity and networks. In Info 2450 Communication and Technology, homophily is described as the tendency for people with similar values and goals to become acquainted with each other. This can often lead to partiality when the network is homogenous. As we reaffirm our beliefs with people in our chosen networks, algorithms on social media also filter information to our preferences. However, it does not necessarily make the information less diverse. Understanding this homophily in networks can lead to applications to real-life situations surrounding public and social dynamics. Recognizing the patterns can lead to effective marketing strategies, policies…and even the key to murders.
“Of the homicides that occurred in 2017 for which supplementary homicide data were received, the relationships of the murder victims to their offenders were as follows: 1,867 victims (12.3 percent) were slain by family members; 1,469 victims (9.7 percent) were murdered by strangers; and 4,236 victims (28.0 percent) were slain by “other known” offenders. The offenders were not known for 7,557 murder victims (50.0 percent).” ([1] FBI, Expanded Homicide)
Although serial killers often do not discriminate with their killings, there is usually a motive behind choosing specific victims. Most serial killers are male, and many victims are from marginalized, underrepresented groups. However, there is a fair amount of victims that are slain by those that they know. Upon closer inspection of the victims, there is often a pattern of homophily related to the killings. Through investigations, it can be discovered that the murderer is a part of the same social network or even part of the family.
Individuals who murder usually have a clear motive for choosing the victim. This means that they can share a background, lifestyle, or even a friend group. These relevant similarities can lead to a more targeted suspect pool. Understanding this provides context clues on potential reasons or conflicts that could have resulted in the crime. Similarities or affiliations between the killer and the victim can also lead to insights into their relationship. While profiling is based on assumptions, homophily within networks is a strong indicator of potential motivations for the crime. Detectives may consider homophily in crime scenes to probe and explore group dynamics.
Homophily can lead to suspecting those similar in proximity, socioeconomic factors, and culture. Proximity does not only refer to closeness in geographic distance but also relationship-wise. Examining not only the nearby residence, but the inner social circles of the victim, is a helpful starting point. As for socioeconomic factors, it is helpful to note if the victim was struggling with money due to financial disputes or rivalry. Analyzing financial records may reveal potential connections to the victim’s murder. Lastly, cultural rituals, practices, and symbols could indicate the perpetrator’s background. Cultural homophily can shape the behavior and norms of an individual, which can leave traces in a crime scene. Even religious affiliations can play a role in the motivations behind the crime. Furthermore, in the technological age, homophily can also exist within digital networks. Analyzing digital platforms and footprints can reveal communities of interest that the user engages in. Although it is important to avoid stereotypes, homophily in networks can be an approach to gaining a beginning understanding of the workings of a murder.
[1] https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/topic-pages/expanded-homicide#:~:text=Of%20the%20homicides%20that%20occurred,4%2C236%20victims%20(28.0%20percent)%20were