Raspberry viruses

Diagnosing viral infections in a raspberry can be particularly challenging, as raspberries tend to display less obvious symptoms than other berry crops. New developments in research suggest that a symptomatic raspberry plant is most likely infected with multiple viruses. For this reason, laboratory diagnosis is the only reliable way to identify a virus infection.

“Most virus diseases of Rubus are caused by virus complexes rather than by infection with a single virus. Tomato ringspot virus is the exception. ” – Bob Martin, Research Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS Corvalis, OR

Bearing this in mind, the following symptoms can be associated with mosaic virus infection in raspberry. Take caution in pruning and propagating plants with these symptoms, and treat them as if they are infectious until a diagnosis is confirmed.

Tomato ringspot virus is common in older red raspberry plantings and also causes fruit to crumble when harvested.

Three raspberry fruit held up in hand. Fruit appear halfway-ripe. Many drupelets are misshapen and under-developed.
Tomato ringspot virus symptoms in raspberry fruit. Photo courtesy of Kevin Schooley, National Clean Plant Network.

Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus also causes crumbly berries. A lab test is required to determine if this virus is present in a planting. Once infected, a planting will always be infected.

The early symptom of mosaic virus infection is light green mottling on leaves in early spring.

Raspberry leaves with tortiseshell mottling. Mottling is segmented and very stark. Some lead segments appear very intensely blue-green, while others appear entirely bleached or pale, with strong contrast and noticeable shifts in color. Discoloration does not appear to follow any particular pattern on affected leaves.

Later, plants decline in vigor and leaves become yellow. Black raspberries are particularly susceptible. Red raspberries may be infected but not show symptoms.

Do not confuse true mottling with leaf discoloration caused by late leaf yellow rust. More on late leaf rust

Raspberry leaf with mottled, yellow discoloration that is most prominent close to central leaf veins. Discoloration appears as a general loss of green color on leaf tissue not constrained by definite borders.
Symptoms of late leaf yellow rust (Pucciniastrum americanum).

Mosaic virus is a common cause of leaf yellowing and stunting in black raspberries, although it can affect blackberries and red raspberries, too.

Black raspberry bush in fruit. Leaves closest to fruiting clusters are white-yellow in color, with green veins.

Raspberry bush with crinkled leaves with some yellow discoloration. Veins are green.

 

More information:

Use these resources if you need additional help with diagnosis and to find solutions to your problem.