by

Department Store Industry

1: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW: DEPARTMENT STORES

Department stores are large retail outlets that contain numerous individual shops, providing a wide range of product lines. Department stores most oftentimes consist of the following product categories:

1)      Food

2)      Cosmetics

3)      Shoes and Accessories

4)      Clothing

5)      Interior Décor

6)      Restaurants

Depending on the type of department store, department stores can offer a much wider range of products, including furniture, toys, electronics, books, etc.

Department stores come in a wide range of qualities and prices. There are such things as “high-end department stores”, which would focus purely on offering high-profile brands and products, while there are more mass-market targeting department stores, which are more likely to include a wider range of products, including practical household products.

That said, department stores will oftentimes try to cater to specific types of market segments. Particularly in the case of department stores in large cities, each department store will try to position itself differently from its direct and nearby competitors: some will try to cater to younger generations, while some will try to cater to the older generations. Some will try to cater to those interested in mainstream brands, while others will focus more on boutique, independent brands.

In the US, the department store industry includes approximately 20 companies operating roughly 3,500 stores. Major department stores in the US include: Sears, JCPenney, Macy’s, and Dillard’s. The industry earns an annual revenue of around $60 billion USD, 95% of which is earned by the largest 8 companies in the industry.

Some links about the industry:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_store

http://vspages.com/mall-vs-department-store-5580/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mall

http://www.hoovers.com/industry/department-stores/1529-1.html

 

SPACE

2a: Implicit or Explicit?

From the department store owner’s standpoint, I would say that space is often sold explicitly, as they would charge the tenants per the size of the lease space. On the other hand, for stalls or booths set up in more open areas of the department store, space may be considered more implicit, as these spaces may be sold with less correlation to the exact size of the space.

2b: Ways of Splitting Space

Department stores have different types of spaces within the building that cater to their customers. The most typical type is the space split by fixed walls into one unit, and can usually be shut off or closed by a door or a shutter. These spaces cannot easily be adjusted in terms of size and layout without investment of significant time and money. These fixed spaces are generally leased out to a specific brand or company, such as Zara, Coach, Burberry, etc.

 

Then there is the semi-fixed space, such as the department store areas dedicated to selling cosmetics or shoes. These are oftentimes open areas in which a specific brand or merchandising line take up certain spaces, but are not divided up by physical walls or entryways. These areas are much more flexible in terms of changing the products being handled, given that one area can easily be changed to carry one brand/line from another; however, certain fixtures used for the displays will be fixed, and hence less flexible to change from a layout perspective.

 

There is also open space, in which temporary booths or stalls are built to sell a smaller line of products or services.

Different from other uses of store space is the use of space to purely focus on selling experiential services. For department stores, the focus generally remains on selling physical products. However, there are rare instances when space is allocated to selling services—one case being when department stores are attached to movie theaters.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2c: Creating Additional Revenue

One of the most standard ways for department stores to create additional revenue is by holding major seasonal sales. Because the product life cycle of clothes tends to be fairly short, many stores have inventory left over by the time they have to replace old products with new products. Having a highly publicized sale allows for these leftover products to be sold, be it at a lower price than its retail value.

One key to making people spend more money is to convince people to stay out shopping longer. A way to do this is to provide adequate opportunity for people to take a break from shopping and rest. Many department stores provide these venues by creating food courts—or in high-end places by providing patisseries or coffee shops at which people can recharge before going back to shop some more.

I also think one of the more creative ways in which department stores have used their space to create additional revenue is through creative use of its open space. Another approach department stores can use to bring people to their stores is to provide an additional incentive to go to that location. A common approach used to achieve this in the U.S. has been to create playgrounds in the open areas of the department stores. This service often incentivizes families to go to a department store, simply because it allows an opportunity for their children to play.

 One more approach commonly used in Japanese department stores to bring more people to the site is to host certain “festivals” or special events in their open space. For example, department stores would often host weekly “mini fairs” on either the ground floor or the top floor, in which one area of the department store would be devoted to hosting jewelry/clothes/food from brands and shops that usually were not represented at the department store. The content would be changed frequently, and the department store would often be able to bring new people into the store by publicizing new, limited-time genres of offerings at their store.

2d: Potential New Ways of Splitting Space

There are several different directions department stores could potentially go in terms of splitting space differently. One direction would be to use space to create more personalized services to customers. Many of the spaces in department stores are “public”, but allocating a portion of space at high-end stores to allow for “private” space may allow for varying experiences for customers. Customers would be charged a premium for making use of these private spaces.

Another potential use may be to make the spaces more flexible. Instead of sticking with a model that leans heavily toward having “fixed” spaces, changing to a model in which it would be much simpler, cheaper, and quicker to change tenants may be an attractive approach for department stores that are pursuing a more trendy, up-to-date feel.

3: TIME

3a: Implicit or Explicit?

Department stores generally sell time implicitly: this is because the product being sold generally isn’t associated with a particular time limit. For example, it is not like a massage, where you are buying 60 minutes worth of service. The transaction is associated with a physical product unattached to time.

3c: Selling Time Explicitly

Time is currently being sold explicitly at certain department stores, although these cases are generally not a reflection of its overall business model. For example, some department stores may include shops that offer time-explicit services. Some department stores have massage shops, which are time-based service sales.

 As another example, some department stores in Japan have small football fields on their rooftops, which people can rent out on an hourly basis.

(http://www.futaba-sp.com/omiya/2010/03/post-23.html)

 

 

Some department stores also include game centers for children—some of these entertainment options include machines that run for a set period of time per game.

 

 

 

Department stores will often have restaurants on one of their floors. These restaurants can often choose to set time limits to each group of customers (ex. 2hr limit) to be able to take in more customers during peak times.

(http://www.mitokeisei.co.jp/shop/10_skygarden/11keizan.html)

 

 

 

3d: Creative Things to do with Time

There are a couple things that could be done creatively with time—some of which may already be being done to varying lengths at department stores. One might be to offer some sort of benefit if a certain amount of time is spent within the department store. For example, if a customer was to receive certain benefits if they stayed for 5 hours at a department store on an off-peak day, this could incentivize customers to spend more money during their wait time, and this could also help to improve the image of the department store by maintaining more customers.

 

Another thing they might potentially consider doing is to include shops that provide rental services. Some shops may already do tuxedo/dress rentals, which would be time-based; they could potentially take this further by doing time-based rentals of other high-end luxury clothes and accessories.

4a/b: Physical and Non-Physical Rate Fences

Below are several examples of physical rate fences (owner-tenant relationships are more likely to be involved with physical rate fences than the tenant-customer relationships)

  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the size of the space being rented, owners can choose to increase or decrease the rates
  • (Owner-tenant POV) Certain areas of a department store are likely to be more popular/convenient; hence an owner can charge more depending on the location of the space within the store (http://www.ehow.com/facts_6313023_average-retail-lease_.html)
  • (Tenant-customer POV) For services such as restaurants within the department store, tenants can set rates by charging differently between open areas and private rooms

In terms of non-physical rate fences, I would say that there are many opportunities to create rate fences, depending on the type of service/product the store sells. There are also several opportunities within the owner-tenant relationship:

  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the lease period, the owner can set different rates to charge the tenant
  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the credibility/attractiveness of the tenant, the owner can set different rates
  • (Tenant-customer POV) Depending on the quality of the product, functionality of the product, or time/length of the service, rates can be set differently. There is an enormously wide range of examples of this in department stores. A Gap outlet, for example, may sell a tank top for $10, while a Burberry outlet would sell a similar styled tank top for $150. Similarly, a cell phone with 3G functionality may sell at a cell phone provider outlet at a certain price, while a phone with 4G functionality would sell at a much higher price.

4c: Creative Ways to Set Rate Fences

Some ways I can think of setting rate fences creatively is to perhaps offer more intangible services—rather than just the physical products. For example, an I Love Bangkok t-shirt may only cost $5 at the actual retail shop, but if the customer already knows what he/she wants, but doesn’t want to make the trip up 7 floors and 5 minutes of walking to get there, the store could potentially charge an extra $1 to have the t-shirt brought down to the concierge desk of the department store for a quick pick-up.

286,181 thoughts on “Department Store Industry”

  1. köpa nytt körkort
    Purchasing a Category B Driving License

    If you’re interested in trucking as a profession, purchasing a category B driving license might be an outstanding choice. While it might not be as distinguished or profitable as a Class A CDL, it can still use excellent salary capacity and a lot of opp

  3. 네이버 비실명 아이디 구매
    현재의 디지털 환경에서 매력적인 온라인 입지는 번영을 추구하는 모든 비즈니스에 가장 중요합니다. 한국 최고의 검색 엔진이자 플랫폼인 네이버는 블로그, 카페, 지식 공유 플랫폼 등 다양한 경로를 통해 사용자와의 상호 작용을 촉진하는 데 탁월합니다. 치열한 경쟁에도 불구하고 차별화는 여전히 중요한 장애물로 남아 있습니다. 최고의 네이버 ID 판매 서비스가 여기에 참여하여 온라인 인지도를 높이고 비즈니스를 발전시킬 수 있는 도구를 제공합니다.

    올바른 네이버 계정을 사용하면 온라인 벤처의 잠재력을 최대한 발휘하여 더 많은 팔로워와 참여도를 높일 수 있습니다. 블로그의 가시성을 높이고, 카페에서 활발한 커뮤니티를 육성하거나, 지식 공유 플랫폼에서 전문 지식을 전달하기 위해 당사 서비스는 스마트하고 효과적인 솔루션

  4. KL escort,
    Kuala Lumpur, a vibrant metropolis known for its rich culture and nightlife, is also home to a flourishing escort industry. For those seeking companionship, whether for social events, business engagements, or simply to enjoy the city’s exciting atmosphere, the options are plentiful. With a wide range of escort services available, from premium luxury escorts to discreet companions, navigating the scene can be both exciting and overwhelming.

  5. https://www.reddit.com/user/789club20top/
    chào bạn đến với nền tảng game hàng đầu. Tại đây cung cấp hàng loạt trò chơi hấp dẫn cho mọi đối tượng người chơi. Bạn sẽ dễ dàng tìm thấy poker, máy đánh bạc, cùng nhiều trò chơi hấp dẫn khác.

    Sàn game không chỉ mang đến trải nghiệm chơi game mượt mà, mà còn luôn chú trọng đến sự an toàn. Mọi thông tin cá nhân sẽ được bảo vệ, giúp bạn yên tâm khi tham gia các

  7. Biomass Boiler Housings Containers
    Second Hand Containers For Sale UK

    The industry of shipping containers both used and new is growing rapidly due to their strength and durability. There are a lot of containers available on the market.

    Buying second hand containers is a great option to save money and get your proj

  8. 네이버 아이디 구매
    오늘날의 디지털 영역은 기업이 지속적인 성공을 달성하기 위해 중요하고 성공적인 온라인 입지를 구축하도록 요구합니다. 한국에서 사용할 수 있는 중요한 플랫폼인 Naver는 사용 가능한 다른 옵션 중에서 청중을 끌어들이는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다. 수백만 명의 사용자를 보유한 네이버는 기업에 블로그, 카페 및 지적 재산을 마케팅할 수 있는 중요한 기회를 제공합니다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이 역동적인 온라인 플랫폼을 능숙하게 활용하는 것은 특히 시장에 진출하는 새로운 비즈니스 소유자에게 만만치 않은 작업이 될 수 있습니다. 이번 계획의 핵심 전략 요소는 네이버 계정 인수다.

    네이버 계정을 취득하면 회사 운영에 상당한 이점을 얻을 수 있습니다. 콘텐츠

  9. More hints
    Buy a German Shepherd Puppy From a Reputable Breeder

    A German Shepherd puppy purchase is an enormous commitment. It is essential to research the best breeders before making a purchase.

    Verify if the parents of the litter have been certified as being free o

  10. förlustanmälan körkort
    How to File a Loss Notification Type for a Driver’s License

    Complete this kind when a state vehicle has actually triggered damage to another home. This report will be sent out to the police for examination.

    A notification to the driver that their CDL or CLP will be suspended, revoked, canceled or d

  11. More
    Best Rated Robot Vacuum Cleaner

    While robot vacuums are excellent in keeping your floors spotless, they can’t replace a full-size vacuum. Even the most powerful robots aren’t able to get deep into carpets and rugs and they can get tangled in cords and socks.

    Your robot will last longer if you perform routine mainten

  12. förlustanmälan körkort
    How to Order a New Driver’s License in New York

    If you lose your license in New York, you can change it by mail or face to face. To do so, you must enclose copies of evidence of identification and a fee payment. Then, send your documents to the DMV office.

    It is suggested that you report a lost license to the cops to prevent potential identity theft. It w

  14. Biomass Boiler Housings Containers
    Shipping Container Sizes in the UK and Around the Globe

    Shipping containers aren’t only used for cargo transport. From tiny 8ft containers to huge 45ft containers they can be repurposed into a range of purposes including boutiques and retail to contemporary living and working spaces.

    <b

  15. more..
    What is the Best Treatment For ADHD in Adults?

    The majority of people suffering from ADHD will benefit from combination treatment. These treatments are typically multimodal, which includes therapy, medication and lifestyle modifications.

    Stimulants are the most popular treatment for ADHD.

  16. More
    Vacuuming With a Robot Hoover is the Best Hands-Off Model We’ve Tested

    This top-of-the-line bot from Eufy is the best hands-off model we’ve tested to date. It vacuums, mops and self-empties its bin, washes and dry mop pads without you having to do anything.

    It’s not equipped with the latest cleaning techniques and a larger docking station, but it delivers stellar performan

  17. https://list.ly/fuentesashworth21pobghx

    Group dating and group events just make a associated with sense for online seducing. Not only does it make those first dates less stressful, looks makes them more fun, and its makes first meetings a much safer idea.

    The saying, “You require to spend money to earn money,” generally holds true for Any business! An Internet-based business isn’t an

  18. stylish sofa
    Purchasing a Leather Couch For Your Home

    A leather couch will offer your area a traditional appearance, plus it feels cool to the touch in hot weather and warm when it’s cold. Consider this style from Pottery Barn, which has size choices consisting of a little two-seater apartment-sized sofa to a big sectional that seats 7.

    The leather likewise gets better with age, esta

  19. log burning stoves near me
    Choosing a Wood Burning Stove Small

    People who are enthralled by the idea of a traditional heating method that requires some physical effort rather than sitting around and paying the monthly utility bill are obsessed with wood stoves. They are prone to posting pictures of them in stunning locations.

    They are pleased that PS10 from every Wood

  20. führerschein kaufen legal in deutschland
    Buying a Driving License – Understanding the Different Classes

    As someone who has helped people buy their licenses from Buffalo to Montauk, I know that driving legally and safely begins by knowing the various classes. This is applicable to new drivers and those looking to upgrade their license.

    <b

  21. führerschein kaufen deutschland
    How to Buy a Driving License in Germany

    If you’re a resident of a country with whom Germany has a reciprocity treaty you can transfer your driving license without taking any test, either theoretical or practical. You must apply within six month of your arrival.

    Be sure

  22. Learn Alot more
    Inattentive ADHD Treatment Adults

    ADHD may be the cause of your inability to pay bills on time or even return phone calls from friends. You can treat your symptoms by making lifestyle changes and using treatment options like medication and therapy.

    A health professional begins

  24. have a peek at this website
    Untreated ADHD in Adults Can Lead to Feelings of Worthlessness and Depression

    People who are not treated for ADHD often suffer an inexplicably low level of performance, which can lead to feelings of despair and depression. This is especially true when they fail to achieve their personal and professional goals.

    <b

  25. have a peek at this website
    ADHD in Adults – Characterisation, Diagnosis and Treatment

    The first step in getting treatment for ADHD is to find a health professional who can evaluate you. They will ask about your symptoms, your family history, as well as other factors like stress and workplace or school issues.

    They will use standard behavior rating scales and checklists to evaluate

  26. สล็อตเว็บไซต์ตรง จุใจกับรางวัลเน้นย้ำๆที่เรียกอีกอย่างว่าเครื่องสล็อตหรือเครื่องผลไม้เป็นต้นแบบการเดิมพันยอดนิยมสูงที่สุดต้นแบบหนึ่ง สามารถเจอได้ในคาสิโนทั่วทั้งโลกและก็ความนิยมชมชอบของสล็อตมากเพิ่มขึ้นตามการเจริญเติบโตของการเดิมพันออนไลน์ ด้วยความรุ่งโรจน์ด้านเทคโนโลยี สล็อตก็เลยเข้ามาอยู่ในจอคอมพิวเตอร์ของพวกเรา สล็อตผลกำไรมาก ทำให้เป็นแนวทางการเล่นที่ง่ายและก็สบายเพื่อลุ้นรับรางวัลใหญ่ ในเนื้อหานี้ พวกเราจะเจาะลึกประวัติศาสตร์ที่น่าดึงดูดของสล็อตออนไลน์และก็ตรวจสอบคุณลักษณะต่างๆที่ทำ

  27. nytt körkort
    How to Order a New Driver’s License

    You can change a lost or harmed New York driver’s license or ID online. You can likewise update to a REAL ID or Enhanced License.

    You must have a legitimate address on file to order a replacement. You must pay the appropriate fee.

  28. nytt körkort
    How to Order a New YKB Card

    YKB has actually taken an excellent lane for himself in Nigeria’s ever-expanding Afropop scene. He has a dexterous design that equates throughout categories, connecting intimate ideations with bursts of energetic simplicity.

    YKB signed a contract with Vaki

  29. stylish sofa
    5 Sofa Styles That Will Never Ever Head Out of Style

    With a lot of choices out there, selecting the ideal sofa design is everything about striking a balance in between way of life and aesthetic. Loungers might choose a comfortable, low-sitting mid-century contemporary or a classic Lawson, while traditionalists may favor a more stylish cam

  30. 77lotto

    สลากกินแบ่งปรับปรุงลาว หรือที่เรียกอีกอย่างว่า สลากกินแบ่งยุคใหม่ ได้เปลี่ยนมาเป็นส่วนหนึ่งส่วนใดของวั ็เป็นแบบอย่างการเดิมพันยอดนิยมในประเทศ ความระทึกใจแล้วก็ความคาดหวังที่มากับการเล่นสลากกินแบ่งออนไลน์หรือที่ร้านรวงในเขตแดนได้ล่อใจผู้เล่นหลายล้านคน ทำให้สลากกินแบ่งยอดเยี่ยมในลอตเตอรีที่เป็นที่

  31. nytt körkort
    How to Order a New Driver’s License in the State of New York

    There are several ways to change a lost driver’s license. You can do it online, by mail or face to face. You need to bring correct identification and pay a fee.

    In order to get a replacement license, you must have proof of your

  32. https://rentry.co/qp2sk7px

    Discipline policy: If youngster is in trouble, can the teacher do? Kids will act out, right now there is at risk of be once when the teacher in order to be discipline. Due to this fact, it is often a good idea to talk to each preschool you are thinking about about specific discipline policy, and discover what they do. Is it an occasion full out? Nose in t

  33. More
    The Benefits of Using a Smart Robot in the Workplace

    A smart robot is a type of machine capable of performing a range of tasks, such as monitoring and interacting with human beings. This type of robotics is used for a wide range of applications such as home automation or healthcare.

    best robot hoover that is intelligent will adapt to changing conditions. It makes use of recogni

  34. best robot hoover
    Vacuuming With a Robot Hoover is the Best Hands-Off Model We’ve Tested

    This high-end Eufy bot is the top hands off model we have tried so far. It vacuums, mops, self-empties, and washes and dry mop pads without your intervention.

    It doesn’t come with advanced cleaning functions or a more powerful docking system, but it delivers stellar perform

  35. https://www.youtube.com/@789club20top
    Chào mừng bạn đến với sàn chơi game hàng đầu. Chúng tôi cung cấp nhiều thể loại game cho mọi đối tượng người chơi. Chúng tôi mang đến poker, máy đánh bạc, cùng nhiều game hấp dẫn khác.

    Nền tảng game không chỉ mang đến dịch vụ chơi game chất lượng, mà còn luôn chú trọng đến sự an toàn. Tất cả dữ liệu của bạn sẽ được giữ kín, giúp bạn yên tâm khi tham gia các trò chơi y

  36. contemporary wood stove
    Wood Burning Stove Sale

    Wood stoves are a great method of heating your home and they operate independently from the power grid. They provide a cozy atmosphere and can help cut heating costs by reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

    It is important to properly size a wood stove

  37. treat adhd without medication adults
    First Line Treatment For ADHD in Adults

    Some people with ADHD find medication helps to manage their symptoms. Drugs like methylphenidate and amphetamine work by increasing brain activity in the areas that regulate attention and behavior.

    Other medicatio

  38. Have a Look
    In the saturated globe of book publishing, where grabbing readers’ interest is a problem, a well-designed cover serves as a portal to the book’s information. This article looks into the really important duty of efficient cover design, examining its artistic worth and its own influence on a book’s industrial excellence.

    The cover of a book is actually commonly the 1st point of get in touch with, attrac

  39. führerschein kaufen legal
    Buy a Driving License Without a Test in Germany

    If you’re a citizen of the EU or one of the countries which has a reciprocity agreement with Germany you can exchange your driving licence without having to take any tests. You must pass a practical driving test in Germany before you are able to dri

  40. Hello, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues.
    When I look at your website in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping.
    I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, amazing blog!

    Look at my web site :: Website source

  41. 네이버 비실명 아이디 판매
    오늘날과 같이 상호 연결된 세상에서 기업이 번창하려면 강력한 온라인 입지가 필요합니다. 블로거, 카페 주인 및 콘텐츠 제작자에게 한국의 주요 검색 엔진이자 소셜 미디어 플랫폼인 네이버는 청중과 소통할 수 있는 특별한 수단을 제공합니다. 그러나 이 플랫폼의 뉘앙스를 이해하는 것은 특히 신뢰 구축 및 액세스 확장과 관련하여 어렵습니다.

    이처럼 경쟁이 치열한 시장에는 뚜렷한 우위가 요구되며, 네이버 ID 판매 서비스가 바로 그 이점을 제공합니다. 기존 네이버 계정을 활용하면 네이버 블로그와 카페의 모든 영역에 접근할 수 있어 온라인 가시성과 전반적인 영향력을 높일 수 있습니다. 기업가이든 네이버의 영향력을 확장하려는 노련한 비즈니스이든, 네이버의 전문가 서비스는 디지털 발자국을 높이고 비즈니스 궤도를 자극할

  42. have a peek at this website
    Treatment For ADHD in Adults uk

    If you suffer from ADHD, an assessment can help you understand challenging behaviours. It can also help to manage your symptoms and improve your relationships with family and friends.

    Treatment for adhd in adults in the UK includes medic

  43. best robot hoover
    How a Robot Floor Cleaner Can Reduce Labor Costs

    Robotic floor cleaners can cut down on costs for labor and allow manual cleaners to concentrate on more challenging tasks. Some models also let you customize settings, such as suction power and water.

    It comes with cliff sensors to

  44. More Help
    Where to Buy German Shepherd Puppies Austria

    If you’re thinking about getting a German Shepherd puppy, it’s important to select a responsible breeder. This will ensure your new puppy comes from healthy parents and will behave like a family dog.

    You can also ad

  45. best automatic vacuum cleaner
    Finding Robot Vacuum Deals

    You can find a robotic vacuum or mop that fits your budget with just a time of research. Take into consideration the size and features, like an emptying bin for itself, or one that can stop, recharge and pick up where it left off.

    A robot vacuum can help you reduce time and effort while making your home cleaner. This Black Fr

  46. führerschein kaufen legal
    How to Buy a Driving License in Germany

    You can only exchange a license for an German driving licence if your license was issued by a member state of the EU/EEA, or a country that has an agreement of reciprocity. Otherwise you need to pass a practical and theoretical driving test (fees vary).

  47. https://glazier-mayfair.co.uk
    Transform Your Space: Just How Home Window Fix Can Improve Your Interior Design

    At Transform Your Area, we understand the significance of producing a stunning and practical interior decoration. One often neglected facet of interior design is the condition of your windows. Windows not only offer all-natural light and ventilation yet additionally play a vital role in the general aesthetic allure of your

  48. https://kubet-nha-cai-29.federatedjournals.com/nha-cai-kubet-uy-tin-chat-luong-va-dang-cap-hang-dau-1734840840
    Kubet là một trong những nhà cái uy tín và nổi tiếng hàng đầu tại thị trường châu Á, đặc biệt tại Việt Nam. Được cấp phép hoạt động hợp pháp, Kubet cam kết mang đến cho người chơi những trải nghiệm cá cược đỉnh cao với đa dạng sản phẩm như cá cược thể thao, casin

  49. beställ nytt körkort
    How to Get a Driving License in the District of Columbia

    If you prepare to drive in the District of Columbia, you will require a driver’s license. You might likewise require a REAL ID or Enhanced ID. These files should be original and offer proof of lawful presence and residency.

    F

  50. was kostet ein reinrassiger schäferhund
    Buy German Shepherds

    German Shepherds are smart and highly trainable dogs who need a lot of exercise to burn off their energy. They’re best suited for homes with experienced owners.

    Breeders who are reputable place a top importance on ethical breeding practices and thoro

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *