1: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW: DEPARTMENT STORES
Department stores are large retail outlets that contain numerous individual shops, providing a wide range of product lines. Department stores most oftentimes consist of the following product categories:
1) Food
2) Cosmetics
3) Shoes and Accessories
4) Clothing
5) Interior Décor
6) Restaurants
Depending on the type of department store, department stores can offer a much wider range of products, including furniture, toys, electronics, books, etc.
Department stores come in a wide range of qualities and prices. There are such things as “high-end department stores”, which would focus purely on offering high-profile brands and products, while there are more mass-market targeting department stores, which are more likely to include a wider range of products, including practical household products.
That said, department stores will oftentimes try to cater to specific types of market segments. Particularly in the case of department stores in large cities, each department store will try to position itself differently from its direct and nearby competitors: some will try to cater to younger generations, while some will try to cater to the older generations. Some will try to cater to those interested in mainstream brands, while others will focus more on boutique, independent brands.
In the US, the department store industry includes approximately 20 companies operating roughly 3,500 stores. Major department stores in the US include: Sears, JCPenney, Macy’s, and Dillard’s. The industry earns an annual revenue of around $60 billion USD, 95% of which is earned by the largest 8 companies in the industry.
Some links about the industry:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_store
http://vspages.com/mall-vs-department-store-5580/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mall
http://www.hoovers.com/industry/department-stores/1529-1.html
SPACE
2a: Implicit or Explicit?
From the department store owner’s standpoint, I would say that space is often sold explicitly, as they would charge the tenants per the size of the lease space. On the other hand, for stalls or booths set up in more open areas of the department store, space may be considered more implicit, as these spaces may be sold with less correlation to the exact size of the space.
2b: Ways of Splitting Space
Department stores have different types of spaces within the building that cater to their customers. The most typical type is the space split by fixed walls into one unit, and can usually be shut off or closed by a door or a shutter. These spaces cannot easily be adjusted in terms of size and layout without investment of significant time and money. These fixed spaces are generally leased out to a specific brand or company, such as Zara, Coach, Burberry, etc.
Then there is the semi-fixed space, such as the department store areas dedicated to selling cosmetics or shoes. These are oftentimes open areas in which a specific brand or merchandising line take up certain spaces, but are not divided up by physical walls or entryways. These areas are much more flexible in terms of changing the products being handled, given that one area can easily be changed to carry one brand/line from another; however, certain fixtures used for the displays will be fixed, and hence less flexible to change from a layout perspective.
There is also open space, in which temporary booths or stalls are built to sell a smaller line of products or services.
Different from other uses of store space is the use of space to purely focus on selling experiential services. For department stores, the focus generally remains on selling physical products. However, there are rare instances when space is allocated to selling services—one case being when department stores are attached to movie theaters.
2c: Creating Additional Revenue
One of the most standard ways for department stores to create additional revenue is by holding major seasonal sales. Because the product life cycle of clothes tends to be fairly short, many stores have inventory left over by the time they have to replace old products with new products. Having a highly publicized sale allows for these leftover products to be sold, be it at a lower price than its retail value.
One key to making people spend more money is to convince people to stay out shopping longer. A way to
do this is to provide adequate opportunity for people to take a break from shopping and rest. Many department stores provide these venues by creating food courts—or in high-end places by providing patisseries or coffee shops at which people can recharge before going back to shop some more.
I also think one of the more creative ways in which department stores have used their space to create additional revenue is through creative use of its open space. Another approach department stores can use to bring people to their stores is to provide an additional incentive to go to that location. A common approach used to achieve this in the U.S. has been to create playgrounds in the open areas of the department stores. This service often incentivizes families to go to a department store, simply because it allows an opportunity for their children to play.
One more approach commonly used in Japanese department stores to bring more people to the site is to host certain “festivals” or special events in their open space. For example, department stores would often host weekly “mini fairs” on either the ground floor or the top floor, in which one area of the department store would be devoted to hosting jewelry/clothes/food from brands and shops that usually were not represented at the department store. The content would be changed frequently, and the department store would often be able to bring new people into the store by publicizing new, limited-time genres of offerings at their store.
2d: Potential New Ways of Splitting Space
There are several different directions department stores could potentially go in terms of splitting space differently. One direction would be to use space to create more personalized services to customers. Many of the spaces in department stores are “public”, but allocating a portion of space at high-end stores to allow for “private” space may allow for varying experiences for customers. Customers would be charged a premium for making use of these private spaces.
Another potential use may be to make the spaces more flexible. Instead of sticking with a model that leans heavily toward having “fixed” spaces, changing to a model in which it would be much simpler, cheaper, and quicker to change tenants may be an attractive approach for department stores that are pursuing a more trendy, up-to-date feel.
3: TIME
3a: Implicit or Explicit?
Department stores generally sell time implicitly: this is because the product being sold generally isn’t associated with a particular time limit. For example, it is not like a massage, where you are buying 60 minutes worth of service. The transaction is associated with a physical product unattached to time.
3c: Selling Time Explicitly
Time is currently being sold explicitly at certain department stores, although these cases are generally not a reflection of its overall business model. For example, some department stores may include shops that offer time-explicit services. Some department stores have massage shops, which are time-based service sales.
As another example, some department stores in Japan have small football fields on their rooftops, which people can rent out on an hourly basis.
(http://www.futaba-sp.com/omiya/2010/03/post-23.html)
Some department stores also include game centers for children—some of these entertainment options include machines that run for a set period of time per game.
Department stores will often have restaurants on one of their floors. These restaurants can often choose to set time limits to each group of customers (ex. 2hr limit) to be able to take in more customers during peak times.
(http://www.mitokeisei.co.jp/shop/10_skygarden/11keizan.html)
3d: Creative Things to do with Time
There are a couple things that could be done creatively with time—some of which may already be being done to varying lengths at department stores. One might be to offer some sort of benefit if a certain amount of time is spent within the department store. For example, if a customer was to receive certain benefits if they stayed for 5 hours at a department store on an off-peak day, this could incentivize customers to spend more money during their wait time, and this could also help to improve the image of the department store by maintaining more customers.
Another thing they might potentially consider doing is to include shops that provide rental services. Some shops may already do tuxedo/dress rentals, which would be time-based; they could potentially take this further by doing time-based rentals of other high-end luxury clothes and accessories.
4a/b: Physical and Non-Physical Rate Fences
Below are several examples of physical rate fences (owner-tenant relationships are more likely to be involved with physical rate fences than the tenant-customer relationships)
- (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the size of the space being rented, owners can choose to increase or decrease the rates
- (Owner-tenant POV) Certain areas of a department store are likely to be more popular/convenient; hence an owner can charge more depending on the location of the space within the store (http://www.ehow.com/facts_6313023_average-retail-lease_.html)
- (Tenant-customer POV) For services such as restaurants within the department store, tenants can set rates by charging differently between open areas and private rooms
In terms of non-physical rate fences, I would say that there are many opportunities to create rate fences, depending on the type of service/product the store sells. There are also several opportunities within the owner-tenant relationship:
- (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the lease period, the owner can set different rates to charge the tenant
- (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the credibility/attractiveness of the tenant, the owner can set different rates
- (Tenant-customer POV) Depending on the quality of the product, functionality of the product, or time/length of the service, rates can be set differently. There is an enormously wide range of examples of this in department stores. A Gap outlet, for example, may sell a tank top for $10, while a Burberry outlet would sell a similar styled tank top for $150. Similarly, a cell phone with 3G functionality may sell at a cell phone provider outlet at a certain price, while a phone with 4G functionality would sell at a much higher price.
4c: Creative Ways to Set Rate Fences
Some ways I can think of setting rate fences creatively is to perhaps offer more intangible services—rather than just the physical products. For example, an I Love Bangkok t-shirt may only cost $5 at the actual retail shop, but if the customer already knows what he/she wants, but doesn’t want to make the trip up 7 floors and 5 minutes of walking to get there, the store could potentially charge an extra $1 to have the t-shirt brought down to the concierge desk of the department store for a quick pick-up.
VB124
We also reviewed the literature of other similar reported findings on irradiated skeletal muscle.
Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis is an inflammatory condition affecting the helix or antihelix of the ear. It is commonly described as a solitary, painful, ulcerated nodule affecting the cartilage or skin because of continuous pressure, trauma, sun exposure, or ischemic changes. In this case report, we presen
selleckchem
bilateral) to provide clearance of disease compared to total thyroidectomy.
A lobectomy procedure for papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with clinically uninvolved neck lymph nodes (cN0) who have primary tumors (T1 or T2) could accompany prophylactic CND (ipsilateral or bilateral) to provide clearance of disease compared to total thyroidectomy.
The Kidd (JK) blood group is critic
https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ro-31-8220-mesylate.html
The participants will serve as their own control in this design. The primary outcome is changes in total sleep time. Secondary outcome measures are changes in sleep onset latency, number of awakenings, wake after sleep onset, and use of sedatives and hypnotics. Furthermore, quality of sleep, insomnia severity status, and self-reported symptoms of depression,
german shepherd kaufen
Buy German Shepherds
German Shepherds are able to get along well with children when they are well-socialized and trained from very young ages. They can be quite good with other dogs too.
Responsible breeders monitor their dogs for health issues to ensure that they do not pass on any health issues to their puppies. They also spend lots of effort
click here
The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a commonly used objective clinical measure for hearing evaluation. It can be also used to draw conclusions about the functioning of distinct stages of the auditory pathway including the binaural processing stages using the binaural interaction component (BIC) of the ABR. Objective To study binaural processing in normal hearing subjects complaining of tinnitus. Meth
this website
This is the first model ever reported that covers such a wide frequency range and includes both interfacial and polarization effects in this simple form.Machine learning is transforming many industries through self-improving models that are fueled by big data and high computing power. The field of metabolic engineering, which uses cellular biochemical network to manufacture useful small molecules, h
Visit Web Page
How Much Does it Cost to Buy a German Registered Driving License?
If you’re planning to drive a car in Germany then you’ll have to exchange your non-EU or EEA license for one German one. This can be done at the Fuhrerscheinstelle in your city. Other requirements include a first-aid course and an eye test.
<br
more info
Best Robot Floor Cleaner
In contrast to vacuum cleaners, which require you to move objects around before they clean, robot mops can be used to vacuum and mop without having to do any pre-cleaning. They are also better at cleaning near edges and thresholds.
The iRobot Combo j5+ is our top
https://www.selleckchem.com/products/p7c3.html
wagering inducements could be helpful for prevention and early intervention. Future research on the impacts of wagering inducements is still needed, especially more ecological studies based on behavioral tracking data and studies assessing the differential impacts of various incentive types. Clinical Trial Registration NCT01789580 (ClinicalTrials.gov).As we all know, COVID-19 has impacted
Ruboxistaurin
Twenty-seven DMPs were associated with traffic-related air pollution or secondhand smoke. DNAm at 22 DMPs was altered by diesel particles or allergen in human bronchial epithelial cells. DNAm levels at 39 DMPs were correlated with mRNA expression. Proximal to 816 DMPs, three histone marks and several TFs involved in asthma pathogenesis were enriched.
Significant differences in
see more
Recent studies indicate that cellular lipid peroxidation by free radical is an underlying mechanism of acute renal failure induced by gentamicin (GM). Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) extract has been reported to have antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities that is why it is used in present study with the expectation to interrupt the toxic free radical chain reaction of lipid peroxidation in the course of gentamicin
https://ap123.mn/
พนันคาสิโนสด เว็บได้รับการปรับให้สมควรสำหรับความเร็วแล้วก็การทำงาน ทำให้ผู้เล่นได้รับประสบการณ์การเล่นเกมที่ไม่มีปัญหา ด้วยระบบอัตโนมัติ ทำให้สามารถติดตามเงินรางวัลรวมทั้งเบิกเงินได้ตลอดเวลาที่อยากได้ แม้ว่าจะมีคาสิโนออนไลน์อยู่หลายที่ แต่ว่าไม่ใช่ทั้งปวงที่จะมีคุณภาพและก็บริการในระดับเดียวกัน นี่เป็นจุดที่ เว็บคาสิโนชั้น 1 เข้
learn more
Term and preterm neonates have very few circulating Tfh-like cells (cTfh), and no circulating Tfr-like cells. Neonatal cTfh are CXCR5lo PD-1lo CD45RAhi , suggestive of a naive, possibly recently activated phenotype. CXCL13 is high at birth, but decreases rapidly in the first weeks of life. Overall, signs of GC activity in human neonates are weak, even in those born prematurely or after sepsis.Convergent evolution is ofte
Navitoclax purchase
mic Scheimpflug tonometry is able to predict the severity of KC without having the keratometric data.
NCT04251143 at Clinicaltrials.gov, registered at 12 March 2018 (Retrospectively registered).
NCT04251143 at Clinicaltrials.gov, registered at 12 March 2018 (Retrospectively registered).
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a population
CPT inhibitor cell line
ring treatment.Prior research suggests that prediction supports language processing and learning. However, the ecological validity of such findings is unclear because experiments usually include constrained stimuli. While theoretically suggestive, previous conclusions will be largely irrelevant if listeners cannot generate predictions in response to complex and variable perceptual input. Taking a step
check details
Pancreatic cancer has the highest mortality amongst all major organ cancers. Early detection is key to reduce deaths related to pancreatic cancer. However, early detection has been challenged by the lack of non-invasive biomarkers with enough sensitivity and specificity to allow for screening. The gold standard is still carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9), against which all new biomarkers must be evaluated. I
this website
, LD, LT, or LED. In the adolescent population, change in the S is related to change in the ACL, LED and LTH. However, age is unrelated to the shape and tendency of the crystalline lens. Further research is required to determine whether the same conclusion applies to different age groups and different refractive states (myopia, hyperopia, emmetropia) .
Changes in lens morphology
click here
Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions have been regarded as promising candidates for photocatalytic water splitting and solar energy conversion. Here, we propose a two-dimensional GeC/GaN vdW heterostructure, where the GaN monolayer and the GeC monolayer are stacked. The binding energy, phonon spectrum, and elastic constants demonstrate this material’s high dynamic and mechanical stability. Most notab
see more
Neuromuscular fatigue more than electrolyte deficit or dehydration is believed to play a large role in development of exercise-associated muscle cramps. Despite inconclusive evidence at this time, electrolyte deficit may play more of a role in the development of recurrent or systemic muscle cramping in the tennis athlete. More research is needed to better define its conclusive etiology.
Rota
B102 nmr
Malnutrition is related to an increased rate of complications and prolonged hospital stays. Malnutrition risk screening is recommended for all hospital inpatients, but its applicability as part of routine care is not well known.
The prevalence of malnutrition risk, measured by the Screening Tool for Risk of Impaired Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids), and acute ma
TC-S 7009 order
Africa’s readiness to respond to the SARS-COV-2 pandemic was tested due to reliance on rapid turn-around-time of polymerase chain reaction results for clinical management, isolation and quarantine decisions. The NHLS HIV Molecular Laboratory in Johannesburg, South Africa, is one of the largest automated HIV molecular laboratories worldwide. Despite its extensive molecular capacity and experience in managing high v
selleck
The aim of this study was to report the safety, efficacy, and early results of tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 and determine whether differences exist between percutaneous and open methods.
Prolonged respiratory failure is common in symptomatic patients with COVID-19, the disease process caused by infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrom
detailed info here
It is a American’s themselves, who destroy the country because associated with the attitude issue.with selfishness and greed leading the way! “Everybody does it.so it’s okay.” Contemplating selfishness and greed.it’s NOT okay! But, there is the fact , “donut-hole” mentality that shops practice.you understand types.the follow-the-leader types!
These questions will be tack
selleck
Multiple regression models and bivariate correlations were used to assess the VTAS relationship with treatment outcome, according to self-reported fear and convergence with presence and user-friendliness process measures. RESULTS The VTAS showed a sound two-factor solution composed of a primary factor covering task, goal, and copresence; adequate internal consistency; and good convergent validity, including mod
Apoptozole HSP (HSP90) inhibitor
Results The most common pharyngeal symptoms were pharyngalgia (59.52%, 75/126), followed by foreign body sensation (23.02%, 29/126), pharyngeal dryness (8.73%, 11/126), and itching (8.73%, 11/126). The median age of the patients in the PS group was 51.50 years old, which was less than 57.50 years old in the non-PS group, showing a significant difference (P0.05). Conclusions The incidence of phary
Bexotegrast
An accurate, single-point differential diagnosis between HBeAg-negative infection (ENI) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is an unmet need.
To assess the diagnostic value of the new hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) assay.
A retrospective anonymised data analysis was performed in a multicentre European (nine centres and six countries
KD025 solubility dmso
In the present study, a novel oxidant (sodium dichloroisocyanurate, NaCl2(NCO)3; SDIC) combined with microorganisms was employed to achieve a higher performance of waste-activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. Four concentrations of SDIC (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.0 mg SDIC/mg SS) were studied in WAS fermentation systems. The results showed that the release of proteins and polysaccharides was enhanced
click here
N-glycans are covalently linked to an asparagine residue in a simple acceptor sequence of proteins, called a sequon. This modification is important for protein folding, enhancing thermodynamic stability, and decreasing abnormal protein aggregation within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), for the lifetime and for the subcellular localization of proteins besides other functions. Hypoglycosylation is the hallmark of a grou
10 Startups That Are Set To Revolutionize The Car Attorneys Near Me Industry
For The Better lawyer for car accidents (Shawn)
Bromodeoxyuridine
Research in health professions education (HPE) spans an array of topics and draws from a diversity of research domains , which brings richness to our understanding of complex phenomena and challenges us to appreciate different approaches to studying them. To fully appreciate and benefit from this diversity, scholars in HPE must be savvy to the hallmarks of rigour that differ across research approach
https://www.selleckchem.com/products/abt-199.html
These findings suggest that, in this case, social support was not effective in buffering the effects of stress across various attachment styles. The benefits of incorporating a developmental perspective to the study of social support and health are discussed.
Elevated myocardial T
-mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) measured on cardiac MR
see more
The selected features are fed into the stacked ensemble learning framework to enable the construction of an effective stacked model. Both cross-validation tests on the benchmark dataset and independent tests show that Porpoise achieves superior predictive performance than several state-of-the-art approaches. The application of model interpretation tools demonstrates the importance of PSTNPs for the performance of
this website
Accurately controlling light emission using nano- and microstructured lenses and antennas is an active field of research. Dielectrics are especially attractive lens materials due to their low optical losses over a broad bandwidth. In this work we measure highly directional light emission from patterned quantum dots (QDs) aligned underneath all-dielectric nanostructured microlenses. The lenses are designed with an evolu
188bet
เข้าเล่นคาสิโนชั้นแนวหน้า โลกที่การเดิมพันมีการปรับปรุงเป็นอย่ ่อนหน้านี้ โดยหนึ่งสำหรับในการเปลี่ยนครั้งใหญ่ที่สุดเป็นการเพิ่มขึ้นของคาสิโนออนไลน์ ขณะที่คาสิโนแบบเริ่มแรกยังคงมีอยู่รวมทั้งได้รับความพอใจเป็นอันมาก คาสิโนlive คาสิโนออนไลน์ก็ได้รับความนิยมชมชอบเยอะขึ้นเนื่องด้วยความสบาย การเข้าถึง แล้วก็ความมากมายหลายของเกมที่พรีเซ็นท์ ในเนื้อหานี้ พวกเราจ
learn more
We show that deep learning attains super-resolution with challenging contrast-agent densities, both in-silico as well as in-vivo. Deep-ULM is suitable for real-time applications, resolving about 70 high-resolution patches ( 128×128 pixels) per second on a standard PC. Exploiting GPU computation, this number increases to 1250 patches per second.People with diabetes are at risk of developing an eye disea
Metabolism inhibitor
de of injury being suicidal attempt, which may be due to economical and psychological imbalances, due to loss of job and fear and social stigma for COVID-19 diseases.In current scenario of Covid-19 pandemic spread of virus via aerosol generating procedures has become a special concern in otorhinolaryngology community. Motive of this study is to spread awareness of an ancient forgotten method of performing ma
selleck
Phase diagrams, thermal stabilities and the mechanism of thermal decomposition are reported, along with densities and insights from 31P NMR spectroscopic studies. The work was concluded with a proof-of-concept demonstration of the use of the TOPOmalonic acid (2 1 mol ratio) mixture for the extraction of gallium from acidic chloride feedstock (simulated pre-digestate of zinc leach residue). The loading capacity o
sectional comfy sofa
5 of the Comfiest Couches
Created to last, this upholstered couch is a fantastic choice for families with kids. Its back cushions and seat depth are high enough to supply adequate assistance and held their shape throughout screening.
This made-to-order couch provides a variety of personalizations, consisting of seat depth, size, and up
selleck chemical
every mystery associated with “DIC” and other associated thrombotic disorders. Thus, sepsis-associated coagulopathy is not “DIC”, but is endotheliopathy-associated vascular microthrombotic disease.
LOXL1-AS1 is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that plays crucial roles in various cancers. However, the functional role of LOXL1-AS1 in laryngocarcinoma remains unclear. Thus we planned to probe into t
best car locksmith near bedfordshire
Auto Locksmiths Near Bedfordshire
Have you ever found yourself locked out of your car? This can be very aggravating and inconvenient, especially when you remain in a rush. Thankfully, there are a variety of services that can assist you return into your vehicle rapidly and without
SAR405838 order
The electrophysiological effects suggested that lamotrigine can inhibit Na+ channel in the in situ hearts. This finding may partly explain the onset mechanism of lamotrigine-associated cardiac adverse events in the clinical cases. In addition, elevation of J wave was induced in half of the animals, suggesting that lamotrigine may have some potential to unmask Brugada electrocardiographic genotype in suscept
Selleckchem LY3009120
The carbodiphosphorane-based iridium pincer complex (2) is demonstrated to rearrange in chlorinated organic solvents under cleavage of a P-C-bond to give a chelating phosphine ylide ligand. A detailed mechanistic investigation reveals that these types of donor groups are prone for P-C-bond cleavage in the coordination sphere of transition metal hydrido complexes. Finally, complex 2 is demonstrated to be an e
Ten Best Ovens That Really Change Your Life ovens (http://ezproxy.cityu.edu.hk)
Enzastaurin in vivo
termine whether GFR estimation using B2M and BTP can be improved and whether these improvements lead to useful clinical applications.
Dialysis patients judge health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as an essential outcome. Remarkably, little is known about HRQoL differences between home dialysis and in-center hemodialysis (HD) patients worldwide.
Sys
Isoprenaline
g., words, phrases, prosody). This neural signature was highly correlated across narratives. Results indicate an increased reliance on acoustic cues during speech encoding. This may reflect inefficient encoding of bottom-up speech cues, likely as a consequence of dysfunctional temporoparietal cortex.Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a degenerative disease affecting language while leaving other cog
pi3k inhibitor
The clear presence of a P3 within the subadult dentaries suggests inheritance, an uncommon example of familial relatedness within the fossil record. The siblings were at the very least two years old and had been associated with a grownup that has been likely their mother, indicating extended parental care in S. fatalis. Comparison with all the development of p
Adavosertib ic50
In general, flood did not enhance drought susceptibility due to fast flood recovery, nevertheless, different responses to drought after flood were observed between genotypes. Associations were found between some fungal taxonomic groups and plant functional traits varying with flood and drought (e.g., proline, chlorophyll and starch content) indicating that the thriving of certain taxa depends on host responses to
Responsible For The Couches For Sale Budget? 10 Ways To Waste
Your Money couches for sale near me (Marcy)
fuhrerschein kaufen
How to Register for a Driving License in New York
The process of registering for a driver’s license is a huge undertaking that involves completing eligibility requirements, studying traffic laws, working under supervision, and passing written and road tests. Additionally, you must log the required number of h
WRW4 datasheet
007) and B (p less then 0.019) groups. The environmental domain was negatively associated with BMI (p less then 0.004) and the very active group (p less then 0.001) and positively with the insufficiently active B group (p less then 0.049) and sex (p less then 0.018). CONCLUSION BMI is a negative predictor of QoL in bariatric patients and this trend was not observed in the physical domain only; also, the very a