by

Department Store Industry

1: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW: DEPARTMENT STORES

Department stores are large retail outlets that contain numerous individual shops, providing a wide range of product lines. Department stores most oftentimes consist of the following product categories:

1)      Food

2)      Cosmetics

3)      Shoes and Accessories

4)      Clothing

5)      Interior Décor

6)      Restaurants

Depending on the type of department store, department stores can offer a much wider range of products, including furniture, toys, electronics, books, etc.

Department stores come in a wide range of qualities and prices. There are such things as “high-end department stores”, which would focus purely on offering high-profile brands and products, while there are more mass-market targeting department stores, which are more likely to include a wider range of products, including practical household products.

That said, department stores will oftentimes try to cater to specific types of market segments. Particularly in the case of department stores in large cities, each department store will try to position itself differently from its direct and nearby competitors: some will try to cater to younger generations, while some will try to cater to the older generations. Some will try to cater to those interested in mainstream brands, while others will focus more on boutique, independent brands.

In the US, the department store industry includes approximately 20 companies operating roughly 3,500 stores. Major department stores in the US include: Sears, JCPenney, Macy’s, and Dillard’s. The industry earns an annual revenue of around $60 billion USD, 95% of which is earned by the largest 8 companies in the industry.

Some links about the industry:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_store

http://vspages.com/mall-vs-department-store-5580/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mall

http://www.hoovers.com/industry/department-stores/1529-1.html

 

SPACE

2a: Implicit or Explicit?

From the department store owner’s standpoint, I would say that space is often sold explicitly, as they would charge the tenants per the size of the lease space. On the other hand, for stalls or booths set up in more open areas of the department store, space may be considered more implicit, as these spaces may be sold with less correlation to the exact size of the space.

2b: Ways of Splitting Space

Department stores have different types of spaces within the building that cater to their customers. The most typical type is the space split by fixed walls into one unit, and can usually be shut off or closed by a door or a shutter. These spaces cannot easily be adjusted in terms of size and layout without investment of significant time and money. These fixed spaces are generally leased out to a specific brand or company, such as Zara, Coach, Burberry, etc.

 

Then there is the semi-fixed space, such as the department store areas dedicated to selling cosmetics or shoes. These are oftentimes open areas in which a specific brand or merchandising line take up certain spaces, but are not divided up by physical walls or entryways. These areas are much more flexible in terms of changing the products being handled, given that one area can easily be changed to carry one brand/line from another; however, certain fixtures used for the displays will be fixed, and hence less flexible to change from a layout perspective.

 

There is also open space, in which temporary booths or stalls are built to sell a smaller line of products or services.

Different from other uses of store space is the use of space to purely focus on selling experiential services. For department stores, the focus generally remains on selling physical products. However, there are rare instances when space is allocated to selling services—one case being when department stores are attached to movie theaters.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2c: Creating Additional Revenue

One of the most standard ways for department stores to create additional revenue is by holding major seasonal sales. Because the product life cycle of clothes tends to be fairly short, many stores have inventory left over by the time they have to replace old products with new products. Having a highly publicized sale allows for these leftover products to be sold, be it at a lower price than its retail value.

One key to making people spend more money is to convince people to stay out shopping longer. A way to do this is to provide adequate opportunity for people to take a break from shopping and rest. Many department stores provide these venues by creating food courts—or in high-end places by providing patisseries or coffee shops at which people can recharge before going back to shop some more.

I also think one of the more creative ways in which department stores have used their space to create additional revenue is through creative use of its open space. Another approach department stores can use to bring people to their stores is to provide an additional incentive to go to that location. A common approach used to achieve this in the U.S. has been to create playgrounds in the open areas of the department stores. This service often incentivizes families to go to a department store, simply because it allows an opportunity for their children to play.

 One more approach commonly used in Japanese department stores to bring more people to the site is to host certain “festivals” or special events in their open space. For example, department stores would often host weekly “mini fairs” on either the ground floor or the top floor, in which one area of the department store would be devoted to hosting jewelry/clothes/food from brands and shops that usually were not represented at the department store. The content would be changed frequently, and the department store would often be able to bring new people into the store by publicizing new, limited-time genres of offerings at their store.

2d: Potential New Ways of Splitting Space

There are several different directions department stores could potentially go in terms of splitting space differently. One direction would be to use space to create more personalized services to customers. Many of the spaces in department stores are “public”, but allocating a portion of space at high-end stores to allow for “private” space may allow for varying experiences for customers. Customers would be charged a premium for making use of these private spaces.

Another potential use may be to make the spaces more flexible. Instead of sticking with a model that leans heavily toward having “fixed” spaces, changing to a model in which it would be much simpler, cheaper, and quicker to change tenants may be an attractive approach for department stores that are pursuing a more trendy, up-to-date feel.

3: TIME

3a: Implicit or Explicit?

Department stores generally sell time implicitly: this is because the product being sold generally isn’t associated with a particular time limit. For example, it is not like a massage, where you are buying 60 minutes worth of service. The transaction is associated with a physical product unattached to time.

3c: Selling Time Explicitly

Time is currently being sold explicitly at certain department stores, although these cases are generally not a reflection of its overall business model. For example, some department stores may include shops that offer time-explicit services. Some department stores have massage shops, which are time-based service sales.

 As another example, some department stores in Japan have small football fields on their rooftops, which people can rent out on an hourly basis.

(http://www.futaba-sp.com/omiya/2010/03/post-23.html)

 

 

Some department stores also include game centers for children—some of these entertainment options include machines that run for a set period of time per game.

 

 

 

Department stores will often have restaurants on one of their floors. These restaurants can often choose to set time limits to each group of customers (ex. 2hr limit) to be able to take in more customers during peak times.

(http://www.mitokeisei.co.jp/shop/10_skygarden/11keizan.html)

 

 

 

3d: Creative Things to do with Time

There are a couple things that could be done creatively with time—some of which may already be being done to varying lengths at department stores. One might be to offer some sort of benefit if a certain amount of time is spent within the department store. For example, if a customer was to receive certain benefits if they stayed for 5 hours at a department store on an off-peak day, this could incentivize customers to spend more money during their wait time, and this could also help to improve the image of the department store by maintaining more customers.

 

Another thing they might potentially consider doing is to include shops that provide rental services. Some shops may already do tuxedo/dress rentals, which would be time-based; they could potentially take this further by doing time-based rentals of other high-end luxury clothes and accessories.

4a/b: Physical and Non-Physical Rate Fences

Below are several examples of physical rate fences (owner-tenant relationships are more likely to be involved with physical rate fences than the tenant-customer relationships)

  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the size of the space being rented, owners can choose to increase or decrease the rates
  • (Owner-tenant POV) Certain areas of a department store are likely to be more popular/convenient; hence an owner can charge more depending on the location of the space within the store (http://www.ehow.com/facts_6313023_average-retail-lease_.html)
  • (Tenant-customer POV) For services such as restaurants within the department store, tenants can set rates by charging differently between open areas and private rooms

In terms of non-physical rate fences, I would say that there are many opportunities to create rate fences, depending on the type of service/product the store sells. There are also several opportunities within the owner-tenant relationship:

  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the lease period, the owner can set different rates to charge the tenant
  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the credibility/attractiveness of the tenant, the owner can set different rates
  • (Tenant-customer POV) Depending on the quality of the product, functionality of the product, or time/length of the service, rates can be set differently. There is an enormously wide range of examples of this in department stores. A Gap outlet, for example, may sell a tank top for $10, while a Burberry outlet would sell a similar styled tank top for $150. Similarly, a cell phone with 3G functionality may sell at a cell phone provider outlet at a certain price, while a phone with 4G functionality would sell at a much higher price.

4c: Creative Ways to Set Rate Fences

Some ways I can think of setting rate fences creatively is to perhaps offer more intangible services—rather than just the physical products. For example, an I Love Bangkok t-shirt may only cost $5 at the actual retail shop, but if the customer already knows what he/she wants, but doesn’t want to make the trip up 7 floors and 5 minutes of walking to get there, the store could potentially charge an extra $1 to have the t-shirt brought down to the concierge desk of the department store for a quick pick-up.

237,482 thoughts on “Department Store Industry”

  1. corporation directory
    His remarks on taxation and wealthy seem to reflect middle class values but the fact remains he isn’t middle class. The statements more rightly indicate deflecting attention away through things they seems to hold most best. Corporations. A web of that he ‘controls’ for his private interests and i expect, their own personal pleasure.

    Consider bonds of highly rega

  2. cinema
    In the world of television production, lighting designers are important to the imaginative and technical success of a show. Their job forms not just the aesthetic quality of the production but also the psychological and narrative impact on the audience. Far from simply establishing lights, lighting designers merge virtuosity with technical know-how to bring the di

  3. AZD2811
    There was significant thinning in SFCT between 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 2-3, 2-4, and 3-4 time intervals within both group A and group B (both P less then 0.001). Comparison of SFCT measurements showed preinjection, 1-, and 2-month values of group A were significantly thicker than those of group C (P less then 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference between 3-month values (P = 0.09). Preinjection, 1-, and 2-month val

  4. legal führerschein kaufen
    Buy Real Driving License Experiences in New York

    The process of getting a valid driving license

    Getting a real driving license requires meeting the eligibility requirements by studying traffic laws, practicing under supervision and passing wr

  5. ratu311
    kapan saja terdapat beberapa banyak muncul permainan model slots online terkini yang dapat kita tentukan serta permainkan. ada beberapa salah satunya yang benar-benar merekomendasikan biar selanjutnya kita main dengan permainan slots teranyar itu. nach jika betul-betul kita diminta untuk bermain dari sana jadi kita harus cari info terlebih dulu apa sesungguhnya keuntungan yang dapat kita raih serta peroleh. terang sekali kalau ada begitu banyak kele

  6. https://harisetia.com/
    ada beberapa tanda-tanda dari suatu situs slots online yang aman serta nyaman di indonesia. beragam situs slots online yang ada itu benar-benar punyai beberapa tanda-tanda privat. tanda-tanda teristimewa yang ada itu dapat dipakai langsung oleh beberapa petarhnya. di bawah ini yaitu tanda-tanda – ciri-ciri dari suatu situs slots online yang aman serta nyaman.

    blognya aktif 24 jam

    tanda-tanda pertam

  7. Pastor Chris Nephew
    Introduction

    Pastor Chris Oyakhilome is known as a well-known Nigerian pastor and televangelist, is widely known. He was the founder of the Believers’ Loveworld Incorporated also called Christ Embassy. His commitment to his family, and his constant commitment to encouraging his spiritual

  9. 다파벳도메인
    바카라사이트 크리스탈 카지노.

    공식카지노 라이선스 / 크리스탈카지노 공식카지노 커뮤니티 입금 완료

    Crystal Casino는 당신이 만족하고 행복하게 느끼도록 하는 것을 목표로 합니다. 카지노의 목적은 항상 인간의 즐거움이었습니다. 귀하의 편의와 만족 외에도 Crystal Casino 사이트는 귀하의 편의를 위해 존재합니다.

    최고의 자본과 친절한 서비스를 바탕으로 고객님의 만족을 위해 최선을 다하겠습니다. 또한, 우리는 회원들이 귀하의 가족을 화목하게 만들어 카지노 내기에서 경제적 이익을 얻을 수 있도록 권장합니다. 크리스탈카지노를 방문하셔서 더 행복한 삶이 되시길 기원합니다. 최고의 온라인 카지노인 Casino에서 플레이하세요. 최고의 서비스와

  11. Discover More Here
    Buy a Real Driving License

    If your driver’s licence already has a star in the upper-right side, you are already REAL ID-compliant. There is no need to do anything else.

    If you require an actual ID, you will have to visit an DMV office and present several evidence of identity and residenc

  12. DNA inhibitor
    In conclusion, high hEIM local fat percentage relates to greater subcutaneous fat and intramuscular non-contractile tissue content. High hEIM muscle quality relates to greater muscle-sizesubcutaneous-fat ratio and contractile tissue content. Sex influences the prediction of both parameters. This hEIM device seems to be useful to estimate local thigh composition.Many crossing hydraulic structures have bee

  13. ratu311
    Sewaktu main judi online di blog yang bermutu dan bisa dipercaya, bakal ada sejumlah keuntungan yang dapat didapat. Beragam keuntungan akan diperoleh dengan gampangnya dalam suatu blog judi yang dapat dipercaya. Beberapa keuntungan yang ada itu barangkali jarang-jarang dikenali oleh beberapa orang. Meskipun sebenarnya, tanpa ada tersadari, bermacam keuntungan barusan akan mempunyai kegunaan yang besar.

    Satu diantara perihal yang m

  14. https://timdaily.vn/members/123betfood.94210/#about
    Even though the odds of an individual number coming out on European Roulette is one out of 37, in order to watch 37 spins on the wheel, several numbers may have repeated themselves and several numbers won’t have appeared at any. In fact, before all numbers have appeared at a minimum once, quite one number will have appeared 8 times! Most amazing of all, it could not matter at wh

  16. 텐텐벳주소
    바카라 게임, 카지노 딜러 및 온라인 딜러의 차이점은 무엇입니까?

    기술의 발전으로 인해 바카라는 온라인과 실제 카지노 모두에서 즐길 수 있는 가장 인기 있고 흥미로운 카지노 게임 중 하나가 되었습니다.

    이 2가지 종류의 바카라 중 가능한 베팅은 3가지(플레이어, 뱅커, 타이)뿐이며 실제 카지노와 온라인 카지노의 라이브 게임은 크게 다르지 않습니다.

    다음은 실제 딜러 게임과 라이브 딜러 게임의 5가지 차이점입니다.

  17. pgbetflix

    สล็อตคืนยอดเสีย ได้เปลี่ยนเป็นแบบความเบิ ์ยอดนิยมสูงที่สุดแบบหนึ่งในตอนไม่กี่ปีที่ล่วงเลยไป ด้วยกราฟิกที่มีชีวิตชีวา ธีมที่บันเทิงใจ รวมทั้งสมรรถนะสำหรับในการรับรางวัลใหญ่ ก็เลยไม่น่าประหลาดใจเลยที่ผู้คนนับล้านทั่วทั้งโลกต่างคลั่งไคล้สำหรับการเล่นสล็อตออนไลน์ แต่ว่าสล็อตแมชชีนแบบเริ่มแรกในแบบดิจิทัลพวกนี้เกิดขึ้นได้เช่นไร ในเนื้อหานี้ พวกเราจะเจาะลึกประวัติศาสตร์ของสล็อตออนไลน์ ตรวจความนิยมชมชอบในกลุ่มผู้เล่นคนไทย

  18. fuhrerschein-kaufen-ohne-vorkasse
    How to Buy a Driving License in Germany

    If you’re from a country that has a reciprocity agreement with Germany, you can exchange your license without taking any theoretical or practical tests. You must apply within six months of your arrival.

    Before you decide to buy a driving license in Germany, be sure to examine the requ

  19. führerschein kaufen für 500 euro
    How to Buy a German Driving License

    A German driving licence is an asset that is valuable not only due to its high standards and standards, but also because its recognition is widespread throughout Europe. It is not unusual for expats to wish to exchange their current licence for one from a German one once their EU or EEA driving license expires.

    <

  20. I’m impressed, I must say. Rarely do I encounter a blog that’s
    both educative and amusing, and without a doubt, you’ve hit the nail
    on the head. The problem is something that too few
    men and women are speaking intelligently about.

    Now i’m very happy I found this during my search for something relating to this.

    Also visit my blog – sex indo viral

  21. Lime tree
    The spacing will depend upon how you intend to make use of your pomegranate tree. Some growers use them as a spreading shrub hedge, and they are often spaced around 6 to 9 ft aside. For those being used for fruit manufacturing, it’s higher to space them around 15 toes apart.

    Pomegranate bushes thrive in warm, dry climates with temperatures between 70°F and 85°F. They require full daylight for optim

  22. führerschein kaufen für 500 euro
    How to Buy Driving License in New York

    A driver’s license is a legal authorization, typically an electronic card that allows you to operate an automobile on public roads. It includes information such as the date of birth, name and permitted categories of vehicles.

    For many New Yorkers obtaining a driver’s license is a significant milestone. The priv

  23. fuhrerschein-kaufen-ohne-vorkasse
    New York Driver’s License Classifications

    No matter if you’re a first-time driver or an experienced one, it’s important to know the various classes of licenses. These classes define the restrictions and responsibilities associated with driving.

  24. how open MTS files
    FileViewPro is a versatile software solution created to facilitate file management and guarantee effortless access to a diverse range of file formats. Among its notable features is the ability to handle MTS files, which are associated with high-res video content recorded by AVCHD camcorders. As one of the most comprehensive tools in its category, FileViewPro shines for its smooth capability to open MTS files

  25. Top Guest Posting Sites
    Guest Posting Free Sites to recognize the rules of each site.Understand the website’s audience, material design, and standards prior to sending a post. It’s vital to make use of these sites responsibly and make sure that the content you submit is relevant.The initial step in utilizing these sites is to read their submission guidelines

  26. thor311
    Blog judi online bisa dipercaya terang jadi tujuan dari warga yang memilih untuk permainkan perjudian. Alamiah saja apabila seluruh dari Anda jadikan website judi dapat dipercaya sebagai arah akhir. Ingat bisa jadi hal yang buang waktu saja apabila Anda sudah main pada site yang tidak aman. Ini malahan dapat membawa Anda rugi bukannya serunya yang udah Anda inginkan sekian lama ini.

    Jadi karenanya, jadi hal yang paling pastilah b

  27. 嬌妻撩人,腹黑警官嫁不得

    小說 – 空間重生之靈泉小飯館 – 空间重生之灵泉小饭馆

    漫畫 – Be a girl – Be a girl

    程建國原樣真確不賴，也終於帥哥一枚了。

    這幾天太太都介乎了低氣壓，少見有個話題霸道輕鬆瞬息間，紀巖也接着打趣道：“故此說我不讓你們去的塵埃落定是英名蓋世的，大嫂夫實屬你更該道謝我，懂得吧？”

    九劫散仙 小说

    程建國辦喜事這麼長時間也終久老姐夫了，小姨子開個笑話也決不會去爭，反倒是跟着通常的譏笑：“小巖，要說到這個，你得慶幸爾等家眷簡沒到場，就他那真容，楊四妹要見了還不可流哈喇子，那時

  28. ratu311
    Untuk Pemula Main Judi Online ! Panduan Permainan Poker Judi Online Untuk Beberapa Pemula Pemain Judi Online! Beberapa pemula kemungkinan belum miliki lukisan buat bermain perjudian online di di dunia judi. Kesempatan ini sedikit tehnik dasar permainan poker untuk yang baru memulai, yang betul – betul baru bermain judi, barangkali tehnik ini dapat jadi tips buat anda sebelumnya anda bermain poker online.

  29. TEH WANGI, TEH MAWAR, TEH SARI
    Laundry PGSAFTY mejadi dagang yang bergerak di bidang jasa cuci busana atau pun perlengkapan lain nya , dengan memperhatikan servis maksimum pada setiap konsumen servis kami , serta membagikan para konsumen jasa kami agar dapat melindungi kausalitas bahan yakin elok

    Laundry PGSAFTY mempunyai visi misi yang di antaranya :

    VISI :

    sebagai industri Jasa Laundry Profesion

  32. HL 362 clinical trial
    After adjustment for several confounders (including Hcy), subjects in the highest quartile of plasma Cys had a 3.31 (95% CI, 1.32-8.30, p = 0.011) fold risk for CAD, compared with those in the lowest quartiles. Furthermore, plasma Cys levels (but not Hcy) tended to increase with the number of stenotic vessels (1VD 253 ± 64 μM; 2VD 262 ± 52 μM; 3VD 279 ± 57 μM, p = 0.129). Conclusion Hypercysteinemia revealed

  33. führerschein legal kaufen
    Buy a Driving License Without an Exam

    A driver’s license is one of the most important cards in your wallet. It is used as proof of identity at checkpoints and other times when you might be required to show proof of age.

    To be able to obtain a license, you must meet the requirements for eligibility and study traffic laws, and practice under supervision, and

  34. Northern Cote
    When it concerns maximizing your physical fitness possibility, the right females’s workout garments can make all the difference. Whether you’re raising weights, streaming with yoga positions, or hitting the sidewalk for a run, females’s activewear is developed to keep you comfortable, confident, and sustained.

    The Relevance of Quality Exercise Clothes

    <b

  35. thor311
    Makin hari perubahan taruhan makin mengalami perkembangan dengan hebat. Saat ini ada sangat banyak model permainan yang dapat dijangkau dengan gampang. Termaksud saat ini ada begitu banyak penawaran untung yang besar yang dapat didapat beberapa bettor. Yang perlu masuk pada agen taruhan judi online terpilih buat mendapat variasi keuntungan itu.

    Banyak betaruh pula sekarang dapat nikmati kelapangan akses taruhan memakai vs mobile

  37. eroticke masaze
    Objevte fascinující svět erotických masáží, kde se spojuje umění doteku s hloubkou intimity a smyslnosti. V srdci Prahy se nachází řada míst, která nabízejí unikátní zážitky zaměřené na tantrické potěšení, které osloví nejen vaše tělo, light beer i duši. Pokud hledáte způsob, grunzochse uvolnit stres some sort of prohloubit své smyslové prožitky, erotické masáže mohou být ideální volbou.

  38. https://bx126.com
    When facing several options, most customers have difficulty making the decision. Hardly ever react by procrastinating – and never making a decision. When this happens, you lose a buying deal you already had.

    We can choose to walk in integrity taking us one step closer towards becoming a higher Ground Human or just as we do turn out to be choose to look at safe route, hide our true feelings, protecting our v

  39. https://bx126.com

    As a webmaster, protecting yourself from link cheating is very time consuming and frustrating. Of course, a person check every site you linked to and check if your link has been added individual site. This is very time consuming, despite a “link checker” tool, and several not find your link even can is generally there! Or, if it’s not necessary to find underneath you can follow with a polite email. And, if exces

  41. https://x.com/MonikaS57336
    Wybór idealnej kanapy to jedna z najważniejszych decyzji, jakie podejmujemy przy urządzaniu naszych wnętrz. Kanapa jest meblem, który nie tylko zapewnia komfort, ale również stanowi jeden z kluczowych elementów dekoracyjnych każdego salonu. W końcu to na kanapie spędzamy wspólne chwile z rodziną, przyjmujemy gości oraz relaksujemy się po trudnym dniu. Dlatego tak ważne jest, aby wziąć pod uwagę nie tylko jej wygląd, ale takż

  44. detailed info here
    Starting a business that truly seeks to provide the needs of others is such as as American as it gets. Actually blame major corporations for all problems in this particular country, nevertheless i tell you, it is not corporations or businesses which can be hurting america. It is, instead, the void of moral and ethical behavior amongst current business owners and the deficiency of new community-driven entrepreneurs i

  45. Lychee tree
    Conversely, prolonged drought can stress the tree, causing it to drop immature fruits. Keep an eye fixed on local climate forecasts, and regulate your watering schedule primarily based on rainfall. If heavy rain is predicted, think about using mulch to retain soil moisture and forestall rot. Environmental conditions play a crucial role in fruit retention. Heat stress occurs during extreme temperatures, inflicting bushes to drop fruit pre

  46. Generally I do not read post on blogs, but I would like to say that
    this write-up very compelled me to check out and do it!
    Your writing style has been amazed me. Thanks, quite
    great article.

    Here is my blog post penipuan

  47. Pastor Chris Nephew
    Rumours of a marriage remarriage emerged due to the separation of Pastor Chris Oyakhilome, and Anita Ebhodaghe.

    2014 marked the conclusion of an affair that seemed to have come straight from a fairytale. After 23 years of marriage two kids and an international mission to share the word of God, pastor Chris Oyakhilome, and Anita Ebhodaghe became ex-wives. After two years they both signe

  48. https://bx126.com
    When facing several options, most customers have difficulty making a specific decision. Hardly ever react by procrastinating – and never making a decision. When this happens, you lose a purchase you already had.

    Tip: Look for some low-cost ways discover enhance the perceived value of your products and services. Then test raising your price. You shouldn’t be surprised

  49. Pastor Chris Divorce
    Rumours of a remarriage or an unmarried partner have been reported following the separation of Pastor Chris Oyakhilome (and Anita Ebhodaghe).

    2014 saw the end of the love story that appeared to be straight from the pages of a fairytale. Pastor Chris Oyakhilome After 23 years of marriage and two children, Pastor Chris Oyakhilome made the dec

  50. https://setiaraja.com/
    bila anda minat untuk memainkan permainan slots online, karenanya sedapat mungkin anda mesti mencari lebih dahulu alternatif site yang terpercaya dan terbaik. ada sangat banyak alternatif yang dapat anda bikin alternatif serta semestinya anda mencari menurut rujukan yang paling dipercaya. pilih web online terhebat dengan permainan komplet satu diantara soal yang perlu anda melakukannya. maksudnya tidak ada lain supaya anda dapat berma

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *