Department Store Industry

1: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW: DEPARTMENT STORES

Department stores are large retail outlets that contain numerous individual shops, providing a wide range of product lines. Department stores most oftentimes consist of the following product categories:

1)      Food

2)      Cosmetics

3)      Shoes and Accessories

4)      Clothing

5)      Interior Décor

6)      Restaurants

Depending on the type of department store, department stores can offer a much wider range of products, including furniture, toys, electronics, books, etc.

Department stores come in a wide range of qualities and prices. There are such things as “high-end department stores”, which would focus purely on offering high-profile brands and products, while there are more mass-market targeting department stores, which are more likely to include a wider range of products, including practical household products.

That said, department stores will oftentimes try to cater to specific types of market segments. Particularly in the case of department stores in large cities, each department store will try to position itself differently from its direct and nearby competitors: some will try to cater to younger generations, while some will try to cater to the older generations. Some will try to cater to those interested in mainstream brands, while others will focus more on boutique, independent brands.

In the US, the department store industry includes approximately 20 companies operating roughly 3,500 stores. Major department stores in the US include: Sears, JCPenney, Macy’s, and Dillard’s. The industry earns an annual revenue of around $60 billion USD, 95% of which is earned by the largest 8 companies in the industry.

Some links about the industry:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_store

http://vspages.com/mall-vs-department-store-5580/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mall

http://www.hoovers.com/industry/department-stores/1529-1.html

 

SPACE

2a: Implicit or Explicit?

From the department store owner’s standpoint, I would say that space is often sold explicitly, as they would charge the tenants per the size of the lease space. On the other hand, for stalls or booths set up in more open areas of the department store, space may be considered more implicit, as these spaces may be sold with less correlation to the exact size of the space.

2b: Ways of Splitting Space

Department stores have different types of spaces within the building that cater to their customers. The most typical type is the space split by fixed walls into one unit, and can usually be shut off or closed by a door or a shutter. These spaces cannot easily be adjusted in terms of size and layout without investment of significant time and money. These fixed spaces are generally leased out to a specific brand or company, such as Zara, Coach, Burberry, etc.

 

Then there is the semi-fixed space, such as the department store areas dedicated to selling cosmetics or shoes. These are oftentimes open areas in which a specific brand or merchandising line take up certain spaces, but are not divided up by physical walls or entryways. These areas are much more flexible in terms of changing the products being handled, given that one area can easily be changed to carry one brand/line from another; however, certain fixtures used for the displays will be fixed, and hence less flexible to change from a layout perspective.

 

There is also open space, in which temporary booths or stalls are built to sell a smaller line of products or services.

Different from other uses of store space is the use of space to purely focus on selling experiential services. For department stores, the focus generally remains on selling physical products. However, there are rare instances when space is allocated to selling services—one case being when department stores are attached to movie theaters.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2c: Creating Additional Revenue

One of the most standard ways for department stores to create additional revenue is by holding major seasonal sales. Because the product life cycle of clothes tends to be fairly short, many stores have inventory left over by the time they have to replace old products with new products. Having a highly publicized sale allows for these leftover products to be sold, be it at a lower price than its retail value.

One key to making people spend more money is to convince people to stay out shopping longer. A way to do this is to provide adequate opportunity for people to take a break from shopping and rest. Many department stores provide these venues by creating food courts—or in high-end places by providing patisseries or coffee shops at which people can recharge before going back to shop some more.

I also think one of the more creative ways in which department stores have used their space to create additional revenue is through creative use of its open space. Another approach department stores can use to bring people to their stores is to provide an additional incentive to go to that location. A common approach used to achieve this in the U.S. has been to create playgrounds in the open areas of the department stores. This service often incentivizes families to go to a department store, simply because it allows an opportunity for their children to play.

 One more approach commonly used in Japanese department stores to bring more people to the site is to host certain “festivals” or special events in their open space. For example, department stores would often host weekly “mini fairs” on either the ground floor or the top floor, in which one area of the department store would be devoted to hosting jewelry/clothes/food from brands and shops that usually were not represented at the department store. The content would be changed frequently, and the department store would often be able to bring new people into the store by publicizing new, limited-time genres of offerings at their store.

2d: Potential New Ways of Splitting Space

There are several different directions department stores could potentially go in terms of splitting space differently. One direction would be to use space to create more personalized services to customers. Many of the spaces in department stores are “public”, but allocating a portion of space at high-end stores to allow for “private” space may allow for varying experiences for customers. Customers would be charged a premium for making use of these private spaces.

Another potential use may be to make the spaces more flexible. Instead of sticking with a model that leans heavily toward having “fixed” spaces, changing to a model in which it would be much simpler, cheaper, and quicker to change tenants may be an attractive approach for department stores that are pursuing a more trendy, up-to-date feel.

3: TIME

3a: Implicit or Explicit?

Department stores generally sell time implicitly: this is because the product being sold generally isn’t associated with a particular time limit. For example, it is not like a massage, where you are buying 60 minutes worth of service. The transaction is associated with a physical product unattached to time.

3c: Selling Time Explicitly

Time is currently being sold explicitly at certain department stores, although these cases are generally not a reflection of its overall business model. For example, some department stores may include shops that offer time-explicit services. Some department stores have massage shops, which are time-based service sales.

 As another example, some department stores in Japan have small football fields on their rooftops, which people can rent out on an hourly basis.

(http://www.futaba-sp.com/omiya/2010/03/post-23.html)

 

 

Some department stores also include game centers for children—some of these entertainment options include machines that run for a set period of time per game.

 

 

 

Department stores will often have restaurants on one of their floors. These restaurants can often choose to set time limits to each group of customers (ex. 2hr limit) to be able to take in more customers during peak times.

(http://www.mitokeisei.co.jp/shop/10_skygarden/11keizan.html)

 

 

 

3d: Creative Things to do with Time

There are a couple things that could be done creatively with time—some of which may already be being done to varying lengths at department stores. One might be to offer some sort of benefit if a certain amount of time is spent within the department store. For example, if a customer was to receive certain benefits if they stayed for 5 hours at a department store on an off-peak day, this could incentivize customers to spend more money during their wait time, and this could also help to improve the image of the department store by maintaining more customers.

 

Another thing they might potentially consider doing is to include shops that provide rental services. Some shops may already do tuxedo/dress rentals, which would be time-based; they could potentially take this further by doing time-based rentals of other high-end luxury clothes and accessories.

4a/b: Physical and Non-Physical Rate Fences

Below are several examples of physical rate fences (owner-tenant relationships are more likely to be involved with physical rate fences than the tenant-customer relationships)

  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the size of the space being rented, owners can choose to increase or decrease the rates
  • (Owner-tenant POV) Certain areas of a department store are likely to be more popular/convenient; hence an owner can charge more depending on the location of the space within the store (http://www.ehow.com/facts_6313023_average-retail-lease_.html)
  • (Tenant-customer POV) For services such as restaurants within the department store, tenants can set rates by charging differently between open areas and private rooms

In terms of non-physical rate fences, I would say that there are many opportunities to create rate fences, depending on the type of service/product the store sells. There are also several opportunities within the owner-tenant relationship:

  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the lease period, the owner can set different rates to charge the tenant
  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the credibility/attractiveness of the tenant, the owner can set different rates
  • (Tenant-customer POV) Depending on the quality of the product, functionality of the product, or time/length of the service, rates can be set differently. There is an enormously wide range of examples of this in department stores. A Gap outlet, for example, may sell a tank top for $10, while a Burberry outlet would sell a similar styled tank top for $150. Similarly, a cell phone with 3G functionality may sell at a cell phone provider outlet at a certain price, while a phone with 4G functionality would sell at a much higher price.

4c: Creative Ways to Set Rate Fences

Some ways I can think of setting rate fences creatively is to perhaps offer more intangible services—rather than just the physical products. For example, an I Love Bangkok t-shirt may only cost $5 at the actual retail shop, but if the customer already knows what he/she wants, but doesn’t want to make the trip up 7 floors and 5 minutes of walking to get there, the store could potentially charge an extra $1 to have the t-shirt brought down to the concierge desk of the department store for a quick pick-up.

376,551 thoughts on “Department Store Industry

  1. this website
    Management of hematologic malignancies in older patients is complex and, with recent and anticipated trends in demographics, increasingly common. As a large, nationally integrated medical system the Veterans Affairs has the potential to lead in research to benefit these patients. In this review we describe the evolving treatment paradigms of hematologic malignancies and how they are best fit with older patients through

  2. 해외선물대여계좌
    Staying motivated is key to losing weight. It sounds simple, but it is absolutely imperative. Make sure to set realistic goals for yourself. Try not to make workout regimens and diet plans that will be difficult to convince yourself to adhere to. You might lose weight slower than you would like, but it should be much easier to keep the weight off.

    <

  3. thor311
    Buat anda penyuka permainan taruhan olahraga, pastilah harus mendapati situs bandar yang menyuguhkan serta sediakan permainan itu. satu diantara salah satunya yakni judi online bola yang benar-benar sangat tenar serta sangat tenar di penjuru dunia sekarang ini. Kalau anda memang menyenangi permainan olahraga, jadi anda mesti mengenal banyak kelebihan yang dipunyai oleh situs bandar itu. adakah beberapa keuntungan yang bisa diperoleh? Jika betul-betul

  4. KAOS, KAOS SANTAI, KAOS MURAH
    Mrpb Mobil yang berupa perbengkelan spesialis AC mobil dan tune up, melebarkan sayap bisnisnya dengan membuka cabang di Medan, Sumatra Utara , (Sumut).

    Mrpb Mobil yang merupakan bengkel ahli AC mobil dan tune up, melebarkan sayap bisnisnya dengan membuka cabang di Medan, Sumatra Utara , (Sumut). Cabang ke-37 Mrpb Mobil ini berlokasi di Jalan Frans Nala, Kompleks Ruko Indrajaya, Medan. Kehadi

  5. best low bunk beds
    The Best Bunk Bed With Trundle

    Bunk beds are ideal for adding excitement and excitement to your child’s bedroom. They can be used to take their plush toys for a ride, or to slide down the slide with friends. Our top bunk bed that comes with a Trundle comes with low profile options for small spaces, and a variety of designs to accommodate growing children.

    <b

  6. treatments for adhd in adults
    Adult ADHD Treatments

    Adults suffering from ADHD may be able to more effectively manage their symptoms by changing their lifestyle, undergoing therapy or taking medication. Finding the right treatment for you can take some time.

    Stimulants can boost the morning routi

  7. ויאגרה פארם
    תלות זו, עלולה להשפיע לרעה על תחושת הביטחון של הגבר. ישנן מספר תרופות דומות לויאגרה המשמשות לטיפול בהפרעות זיקפה, כולל סיאליס ולויטרה. בחנו אם אחד מהם טוב יותר מהאחרים ובחרו את התרופה המתאימה ביותר עבורכם. כאשר גבר מגורה מינית, ויאגרה עוזרת להרפות את כלי הדם באיבר המין, ומאפשרת להם להתרחב ולהקל על זרימת דם גדולה יותר. התרופה מוצעת למכירה באמצעות האינטרנט, לרוב על ידי דואר זבל.

    בדומה לתכשירים נוספים לשיפו

  8. https://blinkcheap.com/
    dalam suatu situs slots online yang bermutu itu ada beberapa feature penting. pelbagai feature penting itu ada untuk memberinya banyak kelapangan terhadap banyak pemainnya. dengan beberapa feature penting itu, kemenangan akan semakin lebih simpel didapat. di bawah ini ialah beberapa spesifikasi penting dalam sebuah blog judi slots online yang memiliki kualitas.

    live chat

  9. wall mounted bioethanol fires
    Ethanol Wall Mounted Fireplaces

    Ethanol wall mounted fireplaces offer a simple, cost-efficient method to include warmth and ambiance to your home. They’re also among the best fireplace solutions on the market.

    Unlike other kinds of vent-free fireplaces, ethanol wall mounted fireplaces do n

  10. purchase used pallets
    How to Purchase Wood Pallets

    Wood pallets are utilized in warehouses for a variety commercial purposes and are also used as a base for DIY projects. They also offer economical storage solutions and allow natural air circulation for goods.

    When purchasing wood pallets for a warehouse it is important to first consider the requirements of th

  11. Nutlin-3
    remities of chronic stroke patients can be a promising intervention strategy. Studies that identify which priming techniques combined with task-oriented training for upper extremity function in chronic stroke yield effective outcomes in each ICF domain are needed and may be beneficial for the recovery of upper extremities poststroke.Background Most hospital protocols-including those of our own institute-require the use of

  12. selleck chemicals
    This finding is useful for researchers who aim at understanding the human attentional system, including potential differences in its sensitivity to static and dynamic objects.

    Intestinal parasitosis is a common disease that causes misery and disability in poor populations. The number of individuals affected is staggering. From two billion peoples who harbor parasites worldwide, 300 million s

  13. Selleck MRTX1719
    Development of leaf margins is an important process in leaf morphogenesis. CIN-clade TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF) transcription factors are known to have redundant roles in specifying leaf margins, but the specific mechanisms through which individual TCP genes function remain elusive. In this study, we report that the CIN-TCP gene TCP5 is involved in repressing the initiation and outgrowth of leaf serrat

  14. this website
    This method can be used to acquire microstructures of multiple types of biological organs with subcellular resolutions, which can facilitate biological research.To examine the cervical lesions by using the tumor-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes TMTP1-PEG4-ICG, a dual modal colposcope with visible reflectance imaging and fluorescence imaging was developed. NIR fluorescence imaging and

  15. selleck kinase inhibitor
    Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a group of inherited disorders that causes a slow and progressive iron deposition in diverse organs, particularly in the liver. Iron overload induces oxidative stress and tissue damage. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a cofactor in the electron-transport chain of the mitochondria, but it is also a potent endogenous antioxidant. CoQ10 interest has recently grown since various studi

  16. mold removal company
    You could also be alerted to the presence of mildew via sight or smell. Upon examination, if you see a fluffy or powdery fungus on a surface like tile, that is mildew. If you see a slimy or fuzzy fungus that is white, brown, black or green and seems to penetrate the floor, that is mildew. Also check out the 5 houseplants that can assist forestall mildew in your house.

    <b

  17. NF-κB inhibitor
    We performed a comprehensive search on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and four Chinese databases for articles published prior to June 2020. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used acupotomy therapy as the major intervention in adults with knee OA, were published in either Chinese and English, included more than 20 subjects in each group, and included pain and function in the outcome measu

  18. CBD3063 cell line
    Co-infections of hosts by multiple pathogen species are ubiquitous, but predicting their impact on disease remains challenging. Interactions between co-infecting pathogens within hosts can alter pathogen transmission, with the impact on transmission typically dependent on the relative arrival order of pathogens within hosts (within-host priority effects). However, it is unclear how these within-host priority effec

  19. best bedside cot
    Bedside Cot Newborn

    Newborns require a safe, cosy and confined sleeping space. A cot with a bedside position lets you easily reach your baby during night feedings and soothing.

    It also has an storage compartment that’s ideal for spare blankets and nappies for those early morning nappy change. MFM mom home tester R

  20. learn more
    04) and 23% at SS2 (P = 0.018). There was no significant change in GIR during or after HA. A between-group effect was evident for the change in GIR at SS1 in HBOT vs HA (P = 0.036).

    The pathway by which insulin sensitivity is increased in men with type 2 diabetes requires the high oxygen partial pressures of HBOT and should be further investigated. Insulin sensitivity was not change

  21. Französische bulldogge welpen kaufen
    French Bulldog For Sale Puppies

    Frenchies are laid-back companion dogs who love to lounge and nap. They require only light daily exercise like an exercise session or a walk. They are brachycephalic and can’t cool themselves off easily. Avoid exercising too much during hot weather.

    <b

  22. VOOhpic
    Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by abnormal susceptibility to infection with b-genotype human papillomavirus (HPV) and a particular propensity to develop cutaneous malignancies. Clinical manifestations include flat, scaly, reddish hypo- and hyperpigmented macules, verruca-like papillomatous lesions, seborrheic keratosis- like lesions, and pink-red pityriasis versicolor-like lesio

  23. treatments for adhd in adults
    Treatment For ADHD Adults

    Treatment for adhd adults generally includes medication and psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is a form of counseling that teaches those with ADHD how to manage their behavior.

    The use of stimulants can help reduce the symptoms of ADHD. They include met

  24. selleck compound
    Non-clinical health interventions provided by the voluntary and community sector can improve patients’ health and well-being and reduce pressure on primary and secondary care, but only if patients adhere to them. This study provides novel insights into the impact of doctor referrals to such services, known as social prescribing, on patients’ adherence to them.

    Using a negat

  25. click here
    The Arg/N-degron pathway targets proteins for degradation by recognizing their N-terminal or internal degrons. Our previous work produced double-knockout (2-KO) HEK293T human cell lines that lacked the functionally overlapping UBR1 and UBR2 E3 ubiquitin ligases of the Arg/N-degron pathway. Here, we studied these cells in conjunction with RNA-sequencing, mass spectrometry (MS), and split-ubiquitin binding assay

  26. Tofacitinib
    032/P = 0.028). We found a positive correlation between PTs and OSAS severity measured by the total number of apneic events (r = 0.681/0.751 P = 0.004/0.001) and AHI (r = 0.674/0.710, P = 0.004/0.002). Respiratory-related arousal and oxygen saturation also were associated significantly with the IOP PT length. CONCLUSIONS Periods of nocturnal IOP elevation lasted longer in severe OSAS patients than those with mild/mode

  27. redirected here
    Car Locksmiths in Milton Keynes – Help When You’re Locked Out of Your Car

    Being locked out of your vehicle is a terrifying scenario. You’ll need a professional auto locksmith in the event that you’ve lost your keys, or if they’ve broken inside the lock. Review your insurance policy to determine if you have roadside assistance and ma

  28. ADHD symptoms in women adults
    ADHD Symptoms in Adult Women

    Women who have undiagnosed ADHD may face challenges at work or in their relationships. It is important to recognize the signs and seek out treatment that works for you.

    Symptoms of ADHD in adults are more likely to be the inattent

  29. STAT inhibitor
    and the sensitivity was 95.2% and the specificity was 87.5%. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the expression level of plasma miR-21-3p and miR-551-5p in SAP patients (r = 0.827, P less then 0.001). Conclusions The increased expression of plasma miR-21-3p and miR-551-5p are positively correlated with the severity of AP patients. The combination of the two items has a better value in the diagn

  30. commercial dual fuel range cookers
    What is a Range Cooker Dual Fuel?

    If you love cooking with electric and gas heat then a range cooker dual fuel appliance is for you. This kind of kitchen range requires a special connection for both gas and electric, so make sure that you have both in your home.

  31. https://www.skyviewdentalclinic.ca/invisalign-2/
    Invisalign Treatment for Professional Adults with Dr. Himani Gupta Welcome, busy professionals! If you’ve been considering straightening your teeth but are worried about the impact on your professional image, Dr. Himani Gupta offers a discreet solution with Invisalign treatment. Say goodbye to traditional braces and hello to clear aligners that are nearly invisible. Dr. Gupta understa

  32. wall mounted bioethanol fire
    Wall Mounted Ethanol Fireplaces From Art Fireplace

    Ethanol wall mounted fireplaces provide a modern clean-burning option that produces lively flames and real heat. They are simple to fuel, change and snuff out.

    They need no chimney and produce really little smoke and carbon monoxide. They’re also much less costly than a traditional gas or wood-burni

  33. small leather couch
    Buying a Chesterfield Leather Couch

    A chesterfield leather couch that is of high quality will last for years. Be sure that the leather is of the best quality and that the frame is made of kiln dried hardwood.

    Cheaper couches may use strip nails instead of individual tacked nails in order to reduce costs, which can result in less secure details and

  34. kaufen oder adoptieren
    Buy a Mini English Bulldog

    The AKC doesn’t recognize the Mini English Bulldog as a distinct breed or size. However, there are other clubs and organizations that do.

    These dogs love their owners, especially children. They form an instant bond with their owners and are not happy to be left alone for long periods of t

  35. read more
    Accordingly, molecular markers for cellular injury, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in renal tissue were comparable between groups. EMPA resulted in a slight increase in circulating phosphate and PTH levels without activating FGF23-Klotho axis in the kidney and bone mineral resorption, measured with CTX-1, was not increased. CONCLUSIONS EMPA exerts profound diuretic effects without compromising renal structure a

  36. click here
    Araticum is an edible and appreciable fruit of Annona coriacea, which is popularly known as a traditional herb in the Brazilian cerrado. A phytochemical study from the leaves of A. coriacea showed that HPLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap® provided through PRM experiments (MS2) is an efficient method for the fast and accurate analysis of a complex mixture of annonaceous acetogenins, with the identification of sylvaticin and gigantetrocin

  37. top fridge freezer brands
    What Are ?

    When looking for the very best fridge freezer brand names, you’ll desire to think about brand credibility and energy rankings. Search for designs with functions that can help keep your expenses down, like a leading or bottom freezer or smart connection.

    Popular for it

  38. selleck kinase inhibitor
    2.8 ± 2.2; p = 0.02). No difference in signal enhancement between segments proximal and distal of lesions with stenosis greater than 50% was measured (3.3 ± 2.8 vs. 2.4 ± 2.7; p = 0.18). ROC analysis for the detection of lesions ≥ 70% revealed an area under the curve of 0.774 (95% CI 0.681-0.866). This study suggests that relevant coronary stenosis and their down-stream segments are associated wi

  39. https://nagano-tonic-reviews.shop/
    ✔️Nagano Tonic Official Website: 🔥 🔥

    In Nagano in Japan, there’s a spot this is certainly mystical since the “spring of youth”.Here is a magical nectar called Nagano Tonic, that will be quietly changing the medical insurance and breathtaking journey of countless people around the globe.What will be the secret with this product?let us reveal its mystery together.
    <b

  40. NSC 663284 concentration
    This study was to describe the evolution of patients who underwent surgical treatment of drug- resistant occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE) at our institution.

    We performed a retrospective analysis of data collected from electronic and paper clinical records of 20 patients who were diagnosed of OLE and underwent epilepsy surgery at our institution between 1998 and 2018.

  41. best low profile bunk beds
    The Best Bunk Beds For Adults uk

    Bunk beds are fantastic for doubling the amount of sleeping space in a room. They’re often referred to as ‘high-sleepers,’ or a ‘cabin bed that has desks.’

    This John Lewis & Partners bed includes sprung slats that are less brittle than th

  42. dual fuel mini range cooker
    Dual Fuel Range Cookers

    This 30-inch dual fuel range from Zline comes with five burners and an electric oven. It is clean and sleek design that blends into a variety of aesthetics.

    Handles and knobs are constructed of stainless steel, which is fingerprint

  43. leather couch set
    Buying a Chesterfield Leather Couch

    A quality chesterfield couch will last for many years. Be sure that the leather is of the highest quality and that the frame is made from wood that has been kiln dried.

    To save money, cheaper couches may use strips of nails instead. This can lea

  44. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gdc-0032.html
    lar invasion; OM overall mortality; pT pathological tumour stage; RCT randomised controlled trial; (L)(O)RNU (laparoscopic) (open) radical nephroureterectomy; UTUC upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

    ASA American Society of Anesthesiology; CIS carcinoma in situ; CSM cancer-specific mortality; HR hazard ratio; IQR interquartile range; LN lymph node; LNI lymph node

  45. real leather sofa
    How to Identify Genuine Leather Sofas

    Genuine leather furniture is durable and timeless. However, identifying genuine leather sofas from “split,” “bonded,” and faux (fake) leather choices can be tricky.

    If the edges are rough or uneven, it is likely that the product is genuine lea

  46. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose cost
    Solitary fibrous tumor is an unusual fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasm typically described in the pleura. It may appear anywhere with a varied anatomic distribution and essentially it can develop from any soft tissue or visceral location. Its course is usually indolent and it rarely causes distant metastases, so it has a prolonged survival rate. It sometimes presents itself as a disseminate disease

  47. purchase used pallets
    Why Use a Wooden Palette For Oil Painting?

    For oil painting wooden palettes are employed. They are lightweight and easy to clean. They also look beautiful.

    Many paintings of artists at work have survived. Some of them show a wooden palette similar to those Vermeer used.

    To prepare a palette made of wood

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *