Department Store Industry

1: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW: DEPARTMENT STORES

Department stores are large retail outlets that contain numerous individual shops, providing a wide range of product lines. Department stores most oftentimes consist of the following product categories:

1)      Food

2)      Cosmetics

3)      Shoes and Accessories

4)      Clothing

5)      Interior Décor

6)      Restaurants

Depending on the type of department store, department stores can offer a much wider range of products, including furniture, toys, electronics, books, etc.

Department stores come in a wide range of qualities and prices. There are such things as “high-end department stores”, which would focus purely on offering high-profile brands and products, while there are more mass-market targeting department stores, which are more likely to include a wider range of products, including practical household products.

That said, department stores will oftentimes try to cater to specific types of market segments. Particularly in the case of department stores in large cities, each department store will try to position itself differently from its direct and nearby competitors: some will try to cater to younger generations, while some will try to cater to the older generations. Some will try to cater to those interested in mainstream brands, while others will focus more on boutique, independent brands.

In the US, the department store industry includes approximately 20 companies operating roughly 3,500 stores. Major department stores in the US include: Sears, JCPenney, Macy’s, and Dillard’s. The industry earns an annual revenue of around $60 billion USD, 95% of which is earned by the largest 8 companies in the industry.

Some links about the industry:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_store

http://vspages.com/mall-vs-department-store-5580/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mall

http://www.hoovers.com/industry/department-stores/1529-1.html

 

SPACE

2a: Implicit or Explicit?

From the department store owner’s standpoint, I would say that space is often sold explicitly, as they would charge the tenants per the size of the lease space. On the other hand, for stalls or booths set up in more open areas of the department store, space may be considered more implicit, as these spaces may be sold with less correlation to the exact size of the space.

2b: Ways of Splitting Space

Department stores have different types of spaces within the building that cater to their customers. The most typical type is the space split by fixed walls into one unit, and can usually be shut off or closed by a door or a shutter. These spaces cannot easily be adjusted in terms of size and layout without investment of significant time and money. These fixed spaces are generally leased out to a specific brand or company, such as Zara, Coach, Burberry, etc.

 

Then there is the semi-fixed space, such as the department store areas dedicated to selling cosmetics or shoes. These are oftentimes open areas in which a specific brand or merchandising line take up certain spaces, but are not divided up by physical walls or entryways. These areas are much more flexible in terms of changing the products being handled, given that one area can easily be changed to carry one brand/line from another; however, certain fixtures used for the displays will be fixed, and hence less flexible to change from a layout perspective.

 

There is also open space, in which temporary booths or stalls are built to sell a smaller line of products or services.

Different from other uses of store space is the use of space to purely focus on selling experiential services. For department stores, the focus generally remains on selling physical products. However, there are rare instances when space is allocated to selling services—one case being when department stores are attached to movie theaters.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2c: Creating Additional Revenue

One of the most standard ways for department stores to create additional revenue is by holding major seasonal sales. Because the product life cycle of clothes tends to be fairly short, many stores have inventory left over by the time they have to replace old products with new products. Having a highly publicized sale allows for these leftover products to be sold, be it at a lower price than its retail value.

One key to making people spend more money is to convince people to stay out shopping longer. A way to do this is to provide adequate opportunity for people to take a break from shopping and rest. Many department stores provide these venues by creating food courts—or in high-end places by providing patisseries or coffee shops at which people can recharge before going back to shop some more.

I also think one of the more creative ways in which department stores have used their space to create additional revenue is through creative use of its open space. Another approach department stores can use to bring people to their stores is to provide an additional incentive to go to that location. A common approach used to achieve this in the U.S. has been to create playgrounds in the open areas of the department stores. This service often incentivizes families to go to a department store, simply because it allows an opportunity for their children to play.

 One more approach commonly used in Japanese department stores to bring more people to the site is to host certain “festivals” or special events in their open space. For example, department stores would often host weekly “mini fairs” on either the ground floor or the top floor, in which one area of the department store would be devoted to hosting jewelry/clothes/food from brands and shops that usually were not represented at the department store. The content would be changed frequently, and the department store would often be able to bring new people into the store by publicizing new, limited-time genres of offerings at their store.

2d: Potential New Ways of Splitting Space

There are several different directions department stores could potentially go in terms of splitting space differently. One direction would be to use space to create more personalized services to customers. Many of the spaces in department stores are “public”, but allocating a portion of space at high-end stores to allow for “private” space may allow for varying experiences for customers. Customers would be charged a premium for making use of these private spaces.

Another potential use may be to make the spaces more flexible. Instead of sticking with a model that leans heavily toward having “fixed” spaces, changing to a model in which it would be much simpler, cheaper, and quicker to change tenants may be an attractive approach for department stores that are pursuing a more trendy, up-to-date feel.

3: TIME

3a: Implicit or Explicit?

Department stores generally sell time implicitly: this is because the product being sold generally isn’t associated with a particular time limit. For example, it is not like a massage, where you are buying 60 minutes worth of service. The transaction is associated with a physical product unattached to time.

3c: Selling Time Explicitly

Time is currently being sold explicitly at certain department stores, although these cases are generally not a reflection of its overall business model. For example, some department stores may include shops that offer time-explicit services. Some department stores have massage shops, which are time-based service sales.

 As another example, some department stores in Japan have small football fields on their rooftops, which people can rent out on an hourly basis.

(http://www.futaba-sp.com/omiya/2010/03/post-23.html)

 

 

Some department stores also include game centers for children—some of these entertainment options include machines that run for a set period of time per game.

 

 

 

Department stores will often have restaurants on one of their floors. These restaurants can often choose to set time limits to each group of customers (ex. 2hr limit) to be able to take in more customers during peak times.

(http://www.mitokeisei.co.jp/shop/10_skygarden/11keizan.html)

 

 

 

3d: Creative Things to do with Time

There are a couple things that could be done creatively with time—some of which may already be being done to varying lengths at department stores. One might be to offer some sort of benefit if a certain amount of time is spent within the department store. For example, if a customer was to receive certain benefits if they stayed for 5 hours at a department store on an off-peak day, this could incentivize customers to spend more money during their wait time, and this could also help to improve the image of the department store by maintaining more customers.

 

Another thing they might potentially consider doing is to include shops that provide rental services. Some shops may already do tuxedo/dress rentals, which would be time-based; they could potentially take this further by doing time-based rentals of other high-end luxury clothes and accessories.

4a/b: Physical and Non-Physical Rate Fences

Below are several examples of physical rate fences (owner-tenant relationships are more likely to be involved with physical rate fences than the tenant-customer relationships)

  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the size of the space being rented, owners can choose to increase or decrease the rates
  • (Owner-tenant POV) Certain areas of a department store are likely to be more popular/convenient; hence an owner can charge more depending on the location of the space within the store (http://www.ehow.com/facts_6313023_average-retail-lease_.html)
  • (Tenant-customer POV) For services such as restaurants within the department store, tenants can set rates by charging differently between open areas and private rooms

In terms of non-physical rate fences, I would say that there are many opportunities to create rate fences, depending on the type of service/product the store sells. There are also several opportunities within the owner-tenant relationship:

  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the lease period, the owner can set different rates to charge the tenant
  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the credibility/attractiveness of the tenant, the owner can set different rates
  • (Tenant-customer POV) Depending on the quality of the product, functionality of the product, or time/length of the service, rates can be set differently. There is an enormously wide range of examples of this in department stores. A Gap outlet, for example, may sell a tank top for $10, while a Burberry outlet would sell a similar styled tank top for $150. Similarly, a cell phone with 3G functionality may sell at a cell phone provider outlet at a certain price, while a phone with 4G functionality would sell at a much higher price.

4c: Creative Ways to Set Rate Fences

Some ways I can think of setting rate fences creatively is to perhaps offer more intangible services—rather than just the physical products. For example, an I Love Bangkok t-shirt may only cost $5 at the actual retail shop, but if the customer already knows what he/she wants, but doesn’t want to make the trip up 7 floors and 5 minutes of walking to get there, the store could potentially charge an extra $1 to have the t-shirt brought down to the concierge desk of the department store for a quick pick-up.

302,504 thoughts on “Department Store Industry

  1. selleck kinase inhibitor
    Further silencing of PcHR3 by leaf-disc-based delivery of dsRNA to 8-h-old deutonymph mites, resulted in retarded development and death of 58% of deutonymphs. In summary, we suggest that PcHR3 regulates the latter stages of molting in P. citri.OBJECTIVE To observe the protective effects of carnosic acid on rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) among acute ocular hypertension rats. METHODS Sixty male SPF (spec

  2. Cytarabine purchase
    Cardiovascular disease has become one of the main causes of human death. In addition, many cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by a series of irreversible damages that lead to organ and vascular complications. In recent years, the potential therapeutic strategy of natural antioxidants in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases through mitochondrial quality control has received extensive attent

  3. Peptide17
    Men who have sex with men (MSM) are one of the key populations driving HIV/AIDS epidemic globally. To date, MSM is the only population in Ukraine where the prevalence and incidence of HIV is increasing. As HIV-positive MSM might feel uncomfortable to report homosexual intercourses as a possible mode of transmission (MoT) of HIV, they prefer being registered as patients with heterosexual or non-defi

  4. ALW II-41-27 in vitro
    Artificial nucleic acid circuits with precisely controllable dynamic and function have shown great promise in biosensing, but their utility in molecular diagnostics is still restrained by the inability to process genomic DNA directly and moderate sensitivity. To address this limitation, we present a CRISPR-Cas-powered catalytic nucleic acid circuit, namely, CRISPR-Cas-only amplification network (CONAN), f

  5. selleck chemical
    Western blot analysis showed that the administration of Rk1 (20 mg/kg) and Flu significantly downregulated the level of Sirt1 and that Rk1 (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) and Flu inhibited the p-NF-κb/NF-κb and p-IκB-α/IκB-α ratios, which indicated that the neuroprotective effect of Rk1 may be related to the suppression of inflammation. In addition 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg Rk1 significantly attenuated the LPS-induced decreases i

  6. robot vacuum cleaner cheap
    What to Look For in a Vacuum Mop Cleaner Robot

    Robotic vacuums and mop cleaning machines allow you to keep up with dust, pet hair and other debris while not taking up much of your time. They also function while you’re away, ensuring you have a an impeccable home when you get home.

    Models that are connected to an assistant voice an

  7. Bismarck welpen yorkshire terrier kaufen​
    Buy a Biewer Yorkshire Terrier Pup

    The Biewer Yorkshire Terrier was created due to the unusual occurrence in two Yorkshire Terriers that have the recessive Piebald gene. The dogs have been identified as a breed, and are the perfect addition to any family.

    They are lively and love to play, but they also love snugglin

  8. PLX4032 nmr
    The plant lipidome is highly complex, and the composition of lipids in different tissues as well as their specific functions in plant development, growth and stress responses have yet to be fully elucidated. To do this, efficient lipid extraction protocols which deliver target compounds in solution at concentrations adequate for subsequent detection, quantitation and analysis through spectroscopic methods are required.

  9. https://k8cc.xyz/
    Take whatever soccer betting system an individual purchased from someone else and make sure that you you conduct your own research on the teams you will be betting on. Never mechanically bet on one specific team without digging greatly. The goal in order to use look for answers to key questions that will turn it into a stronger bet if it is weak.

    You could bet over/under when betting on baseball, which in o

  10. 4 seater leather sofa clearance
    White Leather 4 Seater Sofa

    White sofas are classic and contemporary and provide the perfect backdrop for any decor. They are great for casual and formal rooms and can be dressed up or down with throw pillows. They brighten up the space and can open it up naturally. White couches are easy to ke

  11. LXH254
    43, 95%CI1.28-1.59) with higher risk for female (RR=1.54 [1.35-1.76]) and the elderly(RR for aged 65-74=1.41 [1.14-1.74]; RR for ≥75years=1.63 [1.45-1.84]) than male (RR=1.32 [1.15-1.52]) and population less then 65 years (RR=1.01 [0.83-1.22]). Areas with high vulnerability were in the urban center and the edge of suburban. High proportion of population over 64 years old in urban center, and high proportions of outdoor worker

  12. Soul Legal
    When life takes an unexpected turn due to an accident or injury, it can be overwhelming to navigate the aftermath. The physical and emotional toll can be significant, but the path to recovery often lies in seeking justice and compensation. This is where personal injury lawyers come into play, serving as your strongest advocates in the pursuit of rightful compensation and justice. With their expertise and de

  13. 11bet
    There are various methods that advanced gamblers can employ enhance their chances, these methods have much better in common, long term routine. Which means that the more controlled and applied you are, your own more you can also make in casinos. This is because the casino relies upon the reckless majority who lose huge every week world wide, feeding the casino a mouth associated with money in a little while. You have to move be

  14. symptoms of ADHD in adults quiz
    ADHD in Adults Symptoms Women May Not Be Aware Of

    Women with ADHD are often misdiagnosed, or are left undiagnosed because their symptoms aren’t as obvious as those of men. Many find ways to mask their symptoms, and blame themselves for their problems.

    Some symptoms include issues with or

  15. Etomoxir datasheet
    The ability of regulatory T (Treg) cells to control the immune response and limit the development of autoimmune diseases is determined by distinct molecular processes, which are not fully understood. We show here that serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1), which is decreased in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, is necessary for the homeostasis and proper function of Treg c

  16. selleckchem
    (P=.48, .08, .47, respectively). At 1 year after operation, the resorption rate of the bone graft was 19.4%.

    This study found that anterior shoulder instability with subcritical (10%-15%) glenoid bone loss treated with arthroscopic autologous scapular spine bone graft with suture anchor fixation is safe and could achieve satisfactory result at short-term follow-up.

  17. https://k8cc.xyz/
    Learn whereto put your dollars. In sports betting, utilizing different bets that are able to choose from and choosing is crucial as various types of bets have different chances of winning and are covered by varying risks as efficiently. You can bet on they that will win, which can called the straight bet and could certainly bet also on two teams winning in different games in no particular order. You can also bet on the scores of this game at hal

  18. find more
    Electroporation of RNP based on either Cas9 or Cas12a was efficient at targeted editing of all the tested lines (typically > 90% cells edited), and the choice of enzyme expands the number of potential target sites for editing within the genomes of these species. These optimised protocols will facilitate functional genetic studies in salmonid cell lines, which are widely used as model systems for infectious disea

  19. learn more
    In this study, visual brain function network features were used for classification, with a classification accuracy of up to 96%. Compared with the traditional method of constructing a whole brain network, the accuracy was improved by about 10%. The test results show that the use of visual area brain function network analysis can better distinguish ADHD children from normal children. This method has certain help to distinguish the brain netwo

  20. Personal injury attorney Perth
    When life takes an unexpected turn due to an accident or injury, it can be overwhelming to navigate the aftermath. The physical and emotional toll can be significant, but the path to recovery often lies in seeking justice and compensation. This is where personal injury lawyers come into play, serving as your strongest advocates in the pursuit of rightful compensation and justice. With th

  21. https://glazier-edgware.co.uk
    From Timeless to Contemporary: Glazing Techniques That Transcend Time

    On the planet of style and layout, trends reoccur. What was when stylishly and thought about cutting-edge can promptly end up being out-of-date and out of touch. However, there are particular methods and elements that stand the test of time and remain to be valued and appreciated across generations. One such method is polishing.

  22. find more
    Most respondents (89.0%) were not in favour of legislation to make abortion available on request for pregnant adolescents, with medical students expressing a more negative attitude compared with law and midwifery students (p  less then  0.001). Over half of the midwifery students (52.6%) believed that adolescents should have full decision-making capacity regarding their pregnancy outcome, compared with law and medical stude

  23. Akt inhibitor
    tension (PH), GER diagnosis and sildenafil treatment.

    Identification of risk factors associated with need for long-term feeding access may improve timing of GT placement and prevent prolonged hospitalization related to feeding issues.

    Level II (Retrospective Study).

    Level II (Retrospective Study).This is a commentary o

  24. Carfilzomib cost
    Low culture temperature is known to enhance the cell-specific productivity of CHO cells expressing varied recombinant (r-) proteins, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Regulation of UPR pathway genes, such as transcriptional regulatory factors and ER-resident proteins, appear to be involved in the improvements of r-protein production under low temperature conditions. We studied the transcriptional regula

  25. D609
    Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from pasture-based livestock systems represent 34% of Brazil’s agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. The forage species Brachiaria humidicola is known for its biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) capacity and N2O emissions reduction ability from urine patches under tropical conditions. However, there is little information about the effect of BNI on N2O emission and ammonia (NH3) volatilisation

  26. Ipatasertib
    Daptomycin is an important antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The emergence of daptomycin resistance in S. aureus is associated with treatment failure and persistent infections with poor clinical outcomes. Here, we investigated host innate immune responses against clinically derived, daptomycin-resistant (DAP-R) and -susceptible S. aureus paired isolates using a zebrafish infect

  27. Agência de tráfego pago Brasilia
    Article marketing is now a very popular, effective way for businesses to market themselves to potential customers. But, many people have no idea where to start with this marketing technique. Fortunately, this article contains plenty of tips about how you can make article marketing work for you and your business.

    When writing an article, don’t overuse

  28. mTOR inhibitor
    05), and the increasing in the observation group was greater than that in the control group (

    <0.05). After treatment, the aphasia grade of the two groups were improved (

    <0.05), and the aphasia grade in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (

    <0.05). After treatment, the scores of daily life speech ability in the two gro

  29. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/a-485.html
    The genetic basis for sporadic immunodeficiency in patients with 22q11.2 distal deletion syndrome is unknown. We report an adult with a type 1 (D-F) 22q11.2 distal deletion syndrome and recurrent severe infections due to herpes zoster virus, presenting mild T cell lymphopenia and diminished frequency of naive CD4 T cells to influenza, rotavirus, and SEB were conserved in the patient, bu

  30. Neurokinin Receptor antagonist
    Although neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections are infrequent, they can be associated with multi-organic involvement. Neonatologists and pediatricians should be aware of this unusual way of presentation of COVID-19 in newborn infants.

    Although neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections are infrequent, they can be associated with multi-organic involvement. Neonatologists and pediatricians should be

  31. G Protein activator
    1% of variance in quality of sleep can be explained by TP and heart rate. The sleep quality of female nurses was poor and this affected their autonomic nervous system, which can contribute unfavorable consequences for their health.In this study, the hydrated sodium aluminosilicate material was synthesized by one-step hydrothermal alkaline desilication using fly ash (FA) as raw material. The sy

  32. киного
    В современном мире технологий, когда все находится в постоянном движении и всеобщей суете, смотреть фильмы стало одним из самых популярных способов расслабиться и отдохнуть после напряженного рабочего дня. Однако, с учетом нашего занятого образа жизни, не всегда есть время и возможность посетить кинотеатр или взять фильм в прокат. Именно поэтому возникает потребность в онлайн просмотре фильмов – удобном и доступном способе насладиться качественным кин

  33. periyodik kontrol
    İskele platformları alışılagelen kullanımda, elemanları eylem etmeyecek şekilde kurulur. Platform elemanları ve amudi korkulukların arasında düşmelere niye olabilecek tehlikeli fosluklar bulunmaması gerekir.

    Mahiyetı Erişim Donanımı Muayenesi Hakikatı muvasala donanımı etkili katlı binaların tepesine yerleştirilen kaldırma kompradordır.

    <b

  34. Recilisib ic50
    Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) can arise de novo, but much more commonly occurs as a consequence of a selective pressure from androgen deprivation therapy or androgen receptor antagonists used for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. The process is known as neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. There is little molecular characterization of NEPCs and consequently there is no standard treatment for this kind of tum

  35. click the next web page
    Caring For Your 4 Seater Leather Sofa

    If you’re planning to buy a leather sofa with four seats be sure to follow the care instructions of the manufacturer. These guidelines will help keep your leather looking great.

    Keep a towel made of microfiber handy to wipe up any spills. 4 seater

  36. selleck kinase inhibitor
    spite largely agreeing that COVID-19 represents a serious public health risk, the majority of young adults sampled were reluctant to participate in digital monitoring to manage the pandemic. This was true for both commonly used methods of public health surveillance (such as contact tracing) and novel methods designed to facilitate a return to normal (such as frequent symptom checking through digital apps)

  37. Sunitinib datasheet
    These results suggest that Prdx1 may be an effective therapeutic option to prevent DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

    To determine the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in erythrocytes and blood plasma, and the activities of selected antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in erythrocytes in pat

  38. ABR-238901
    To define pre-morbid, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features and identify prognostic factors associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) and develop a prognostic scoring system for improving management outcomes.

    From January 2009 to December 2019, we performed a prospective study of all patients with a suspected diagnosis of EP

  39. robot vacuum cleaner cheap
    Best Robot Vacuum Cleaner and Mop

    If you’re looking to tidy up mess fast and efficiently, a robot vacuum and mop is the best way to go. The top robot vacuums and mop I tested had great mapping and navigation. They picked up Cheerios and fake dog turds, well as wires that were strung up.

  40. bedside crib and travel cot
    The Best Bedside Cot For Newborns

    A bedside crib is a bassinet-style crib that is attached to the side of your mattress. This makes it simple to reach your baby during the night to feed them without fuss. They are suitable from birth until about six months.

    <b

  41. ratu311
    dari jumlah jenis permainan di casino online. saat ini games slots menjadi satu diantara type permainan yang memikat buat dipermainkan. bukan sekedar hanya itu, pada permainan permainan slots online pun menjajakan banyak kesempatan keuntungan. sampai dapat dijelaskan kalau permainan ini nyata-nyata memberi janji keuntungan yang paling fantastis untuk tiap kemenangan taruhan.

    tentunya saja permainan slots ini jadi salah satunya tip

  42. selleckchem
    We propose a compact nearfield scheme for fast and broadband dielectric characterization in the microwave region. An open-type circular probe operated in the high-purity TE01 mode was developed, showing a strongly confined fringing field at the open end. This fringing field directly probed the freestanding sheet sample, and the overall reflection was measured. Without sample-loading processes, both of the system assembling time and the risk

  43. TH-257 molecular weight
    Three rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, yellow or pale-yellow pigmented bacteria with distinct MALDI-TOF mass spectra were isolated from the phyllosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Their 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that these isolates belong to the genus Pedobacter. The nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain LMG 31462T were Pedobacter steynii DSM 19110T (98.3 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity) a

  44. click the next post
    A Leather 4 Seater Sofa Is a Great Addition to Modern Or Traditional Living Rooms

    A leather four-seater sofa is a great addition to modern or traditional living spaces. Some come with a sleeper that offers luxurious comfort during the day, and a comfortable bed for guests at the night.

    The

  45. Greetings from Idaho! I’m bored at work so I decided to browse
    your blog on my iphone during lunch break. I enjoy the information you present here
    and can’t wait to take a look when I get home. I’m surprised at how quick your blog loaded on my cell phone ..
    I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyhow, superb blog!

    Here is my web blog; Deposit 10 ribu

  46. Comprar Carta de Condução da Categoria B1
    Applying For a Buy Category C Driving License

    A category C Buy driving license opens the door to an array of career options in the field of trucking. This type of commercial license allows drivers to operate vehicles with the gross combined weight rating of less than 26,001 pounds and trailers less

  47. ratu311
    kemungkinan masihlah banyak yang belum memahami tentang langkah membandingkan situs slots online yang paling dipercaya dan yang penipu. untuk memisah situs slots yang paling dipercaya dengan penipu itu sebetulnya dapat dijalankan secara mudah. berikut merupakan sejumlah ketaksamaan yang menonjol dari situs slots online paling dipercaya dengan penipu.

    ketidakcocokan jumlah permainan

    ketaksamaan jumlah permainan it

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *