1: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW: DEPARTMENT STORES
Department stores are large retail outlets that contain numerous individual shops, providing a wide range of product lines. Department stores most oftentimes consist of the following product categories:
1) Food
2) Cosmetics
3) Shoes and Accessories
4) Clothing
5) Interior Décor
6) Restaurants
Depending on the type of department store, department stores can offer a much wider range of products, including furniture, toys, electronics, books, etc.
Department stores come in a wide range of qualities and prices. There are such things as “high-end department stores”, which would focus purely on offering high-profile brands and products, while there are more mass-market targeting department stores, which are more likely to include a wider range of products, including practical household products.
That said, department stores will oftentimes try to cater to specific types of market segments. Particularly in the case of department stores in large cities, each department store will try to position itself differently from its direct and nearby competitors: some will try to cater to younger generations, while some will try to cater to the older generations. Some will try to cater to those interested in mainstream brands, while others will focus more on boutique, independent brands.
In the US, the department store industry includes approximately 20 companies operating roughly 3,500 stores. Major department stores in the US include: Sears, JCPenney, Macy’s, and Dillard’s. The industry earns an annual revenue of around $60 billion USD, 95% of which is earned by the largest 8 companies in the industry.
Some links about the industry:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_store
http://vspages.com/mall-vs-department-store-5580/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mall
http://www.hoovers.com/industry/department-stores/1529-1.html
SPACE
2a: Implicit or Explicit?
From the department store owner’s standpoint, I would say that space is often sold explicitly, as they would charge the tenants per the size of the lease space. On the other hand, for stalls or booths set up in more open areas of the department store, space may be considered more implicit, as these spaces may be sold with less correlation to the exact size of the space.
2b: Ways of Splitting Space
Department stores have different types of spaces within the building that cater to their customers. The most typical type is the space split by fixed walls into one unit, and can usually be shut off or closed by a door or a shutter. These spaces cannot easily be adjusted in terms of size and layout without investment of significant time and money. These fixed spaces are generally leased out to a specific brand or company, such as Zara, Coach, Burberry, etc.
Then there is the semi-fixed space, such as the department store areas dedicated to selling cosmetics or shoes. These are oftentimes open areas in which a specific brand or merchandising line take up certain spaces, but are not divided up by physical walls or entryways. These areas are much more flexible in terms of changing the products being handled, given that one area can easily be changed to carry one brand/line from another; however, certain fixtures used for the displays will be fixed, and hence less flexible to change from a layout perspective.
There is also open space, in which temporary booths or stalls are built to sell a smaller line of products or services.
Different from other uses of store space is the use of space to purely focus on selling experiential services. For department stores, the focus generally remains on selling physical products. However, there are rare instances when space is allocated to selling services—one case being when department stores are attached to movie theaters.
2c: Creating Additional Revenue
One of the most standard ways for department stores to create additional revenue is by holding major seasonal sales. Because the product life cycle of clothes tends to be fairly short, many stores have inventory left over by the time they have to replace old products with new products. Having a highly publicized sale allows for these leftover products to be sold, be it at a lower price than its retail value.
One key to making people spend more money is to convince people to stay out shopping longer. A way to do this is to provide adequate opportunity for people to take a break from shopping and rest. Many department stores provide these venues by creating food courts—or in high-end places by providing patisseries or coffee shops at which people can recharge before going back to shop some more.
I also think one of the more creative ways in which department stores have used their space to create additional revenue is through creative use of its open space. Another approach department stores can use to bring people to their stores is to provide an additional incentive to go to that location. A common approach used to achieve this in the U.S. has been to create playgrounds in the open areas of the department stores. This service often incentivizes families to go to a department store, simply because it allows an opportunity for their children to play.
One more approach commonly used in Japanese department stores to bring more people to the site is to host certain “festivals” or special events in their open space. For example, department stores would often host weekly “mini fairs” on either the ground floor or the top floor, in which one area of the department store would be devoted to hosting jewelry/clothes/food from brands and shops that usually were not represented at the department store. The content would be changed frequently, and the department store would often be able to bring new people into the store by publicizing new, limited-time genres of offerings at their store.
2d: Potential New Ways of Splitting Space
There are several different directions department stores could potentially go in terms of splitting space differently. One direction would be to use space to create more personalized services to customers. Many of the spaces in department stores are “public”, but allocating a portion of space at high-end stores to allow for “private” space may allow for varying experiences for customers. Customers would be charged a premium for making use of these private spaces.
Another potential use may be to make the spaces more flexible. Instead of sticking with a model that leans heavily toward having “fixed” spaces, changing to a model in which it would be much simpler, cheaper, and quicker to change tenants may be an attractive approach for department stores that are pursuing a more trendy, up-to-date feel.
3: TIME
3a: Implicit or Explicit?
Department stores generally sell time implicitly: this is because the product being sold generally isn’t associated with a particular time limit. For example, it is not like a massage, where you are buying 60 minutes worth of service. The transaction is associated with a physical product unattached to time.
3c: Selling Time Explicitly
Time is currently being sold explicitly at certain department stores, although these cases are generally not a reflection of its overall business model. For example, some department stores may include shops that offer time-explicit services. Some department stores have massage shops, which are time-based service sales.
As another example, some department stores in Japan have small football fields on their rooftops, which people can rent out on an hourly basis.
(http://www.futaba-sp.com/omiya/2010/03/post-23.html)
Some department stores also include game centers for children—some of these entertainment options include machines that run for a set period of time per game.
Department stores will often have restaurants on one of their floors. These restaurants can often choose to set time limits to each group of customers (ex. 2hr limit) to be able to take in more customers during peak times.
(http://www.mitokeisei.co.jp/shop/10_skygarden/11keizan.html)
3d: Creative Things to do with Time
There are a couple things that could be done creatively with time—some of which may already be being done to varying lengths at department stores. One might be to offer some sort of benefit if a certain amount of time is spent within the department store. For example, if a customer was to receive certain benefits if they stayed for 5 hours at a department store on an off-peak day, this could incentivize customers to spend more money during their wait time, and this could also help to improve the image of the department store by maintaining more customers.
Another thing they might potentially consider doing is to include shops that provide rental services. Some shops may already do tuxedo/dress rentals, which would be time-based; they could potentially take this further by doing time-based rentals of other high-end luxury clothes and accessories.
4a/b: Physical and Non-Physical Rate Fences
Below are several examples of physical rate fences (owner-tenant relationships are more likely to be involved with physical rate fences than the tenant-customer relationships)
- (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the size of the space being rented, owners can choose to increase or decrease the rates
- (Owner-tenant POV) Certain areas of a department store are likely to be more popular/convenient; hence an owner can charge more depending on the location of the space within the store (http://www.ehow.com/facts_6313023_average-retail-lease_.html)
- (Tenant-customer POV) For services such as restaurants within the department store, tenants can set rates by charging differently between open areas and private rooms
In terms of non-physical rate fences, I would say that there are many opportunities to create rate fences, depending on the type of service/product the store sells. There are also several opportunities within the owner-tenant relationship:
- (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the lease period, the owner can set different rates to charge the tenant
- (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the credibility/attractiveness of the tenant, the owner can set different rates
- (Tenant-customer POV) Depending on the quality of the product, functionality of the product, or time/length of the service, rates can be set differently. There is an enormously wide range of examples of this in department stores. A Gap outlet, for example, may sell a tank top for $10, while a Burberry outlet would sell a similar styled tank top for $150. Similarly, a cell phone with 3G functionality may sell at a cell phone provider outlet at a certain price, while a phone with 4G functionality would sell at a much higher price.
4c: Creative Ways to Set Rate Fences
Some ways I can think of setting rate fences creatively is to perhaps offer more intangible services—rather than just the physical products. For example, an I Love Bangkok t-shirt may only cost $5 at the actual retail shop, but if the customer already knows what he/she wants, but doesn’t want to make the trip up 7 floors and 5 minutes of walking to get there, the store could potentially charge an extra $1 to have the t-shirt brought down to the concierge desk of the department store for a quick pick-up.
situs toto togel
The world of online gambling and lottery games has evolved significantly over the years, and one of the most exciting and innovative platforms is Situs Toto 4D. This online lottery site has become a popular choice for many enthusiasts, offering thrilling 4D lottery games that promise to deliver not only entertainment but also potential rewards.
What is Situs Toto 4D?
Situs Toto 4D is a tr
Litronesib inhibitor
This is a review of 114 patients with atrial fibrillation who had left atrial appendage occlusion with an Amplatzer cardiac plug over a nine-year period done by a single operator. This shows that the procedure can be safely performed with a very low rate of major complications ( less then 1%) and a zero procedural mortality rate. Long-term follow up over an average of 38.5 months showed a 65% reduction in ac
ratu 311
Ada beberapa feature krusial di web-site judi online sah serta paling dipercaya. Beberapa ragam spesifikasi penting ini amat diperlukan oleh banyak betaruh buat mendukung aktivitas pasang taruhan tiap-tiap hari. Dengan kehadiran feature – feature penting yang ada itu, permainan banyak betaruh ditegaskan jalan lebih maksimum.
Pengetahuan tentang spesifikasi – spek penting dan berfaedah pada web sah dan dapat dipercaya memanglah c
drugdiscovery signalsscreenings
The histopathological exams of both had been reported as obvious mobile carcinoma with metaplastic bone formation.CONCLUSION Although there are no definitive data on prognosis and follow-up due to the reduced number of cases; this entity frequently happens with early stage infection and afavorable prognosis like in our instanc
best bunk bed brands
The Best Bunk Bed Reviews
Bunk beds can be the ideal option for families with more than one child and can make space in smaller rooms. You’ll also have to consider the dimensions of your room and the ceiling’s height, as well as whether you want a trundle bed for sleepovers.
Find a b
RepairMyWindowsAndDoors
How to Fix Common French Door Repair Problems
French doors can bring an air of class to any house. They are also ideal for period homes.
Additionally, they’re easy to maintain. It is recommended to clean them often using a mild soap solution.
find more
86 (95% confidence interval 1.52-2.28) and a WTA/WTP ratio adjusted for age, sex, and income of 1.70 (95% confidence interval 1.42-2.02). Income category and age had a statistically significant effect on the WTA/WTP ratio. The approach to handling zero WTA and WTP values has a considerable impact on the WTA/WTP ratio found. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results of this study imply that losses in healthcare goods and services are valued dif
Continue Reading
Ghost Immobiliser and Tracker
Ghost immobilisers are a device that protects your car from keyless entry and key cloning theft by operating in a silent manner. It does not emit radio signals, and is therefore undetectable by thieves.
It utilizes the buttons on the console and steering wheel to create an unique pin code that ne
Continue Reading
Ghost II Immobiliser
Guard your vehicle from key-cloning, hacking and theft. It operates silently and is undetectable to a would-be thief because it doesn’t use LED indicators or key fob tags to let them know it’s there.
Transport Mode can be temporarily disabled for situations like transport of vehicles or when your vehicle is being repair
vinç periyodik kontrol formu
A tipi muayene yapıu düzmece fen etiketi düzenlediğini ve bu etiketi asansöre iliştirdiğini belirleme ettiği kişdobra/kişgelecek yetkili makamlara ihbar fiyat.
Periyodik muayene yönetmeliği “İş Ekipmanlarının Tüketiminde Sıhhat Ve Asayiş Şartları Yönetmeliği“ne saf olarak 6331 skorlı iş yasası asal allıkınarak gerçekleştirilmektedir.
1NM-PP1
Integration of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies with precise phenotyping, association mapping, proteome and metabolome studies has increased the chances of finding candidate genes and their allelic variants controlling a trait of interest. Further, these functional markers (FMMs), genotype-by-sequencing and association mapping methodologies have opened new avenues for identification of novel genetic resour
Omipalisib chemical structure
Ganglioglioma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) and pilocytic astrocytoma are rare brain neoplasms with frequent activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. A downstream marker of MAP-kinase pathway activation is cyclin D1. However, the expression of cyclin D1 has not been studied in the differential diagnosis between these brain tumors. The aim of this work is to compare the ex
Wnt-C59 supplier
) and the incidence of pleural effusion requiring thoracic puncture or drainage within 30 days after surgery. The main content of the analysis includes effectiveness and safety analysis. We will perform subgroup analyses to identify potential influence factors. DISCUSSION As far as we know, this will be the first randomized controlled trial to compare the clinical outcomes between different volumes of pleural l
Amprenavir mw
were independently associated with weight gain by more than 5% in the first year after kidney transplantation; lower rates of hospitalization and donation from living donors were also risk factors for this outcome.Skeletal muscle plays a central role in regulating glucose uptake and body metabolism; however, highland hypoxia is a severe challenge to aerobic metabolism in small endotherms. Therefore, und
buy Nobiletin
BACKGROUND Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis and an important cause of invasive infections in pregnant and nonpregnant adults. Vaccines targeting capsule polysaccharides and common proteins are under development. METHODS Using whole genome sequencing (WGS), a validated bioinformatics pipeline, and targeted antimicrobial susceptibility testing, we cha
dual fuel range cooker reviews
Range Dual Fuel Cookers
Dual fuel range cookers give the ability to control the heat in the oven as well as a steady heat on the stovetop. These high-end appliances are ideal for home cooks who want to try new recipes.
They can also increase the value of your property, as they can be a de
bedside crib that turns into cot
Bedside Cot Crib
A bedside crib allows you to sleep in a safe environment with your infant without the risk of overheating or even the risk of suffocation. These cribs can be attached to the bedside and are especially beneficial for mothers who have difficulty to get out of bed.
<
BUY 100% UNDETECTABLE COUNTERFEIT MONEY, Buy Forged Banknotes Online, Buy High Quality Counterfeit Money Online, counterfeit money for sale, counterfeit money sale, HIGH QUALITY UNDETECTABLE COUNTERFEIT BANKNOTES FOR SALE, quality counterfeit money for sale, undetectable fake money for sale
BUY UNDETECTABLE COUNTERFEIT MONEY ONLINE | FAKE MONEY SITE
Striving for peanuts is not what we deserve for putting our we
buy Olaparib
Microbial organisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Antimicrobial medications are currently overused or misused, which has resulted in multidrug resistance. Hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit have the highest risk for infections leading to poor outcomes and require successful treatment options.
Inappropriate prescription of antimicrobials
Best Quality HDPE blue drum baled scrap, Bulk Price Recycled HDPE Scrap Regrind, HDPE Blue Drum Recycling Process, HDPE Blue Drum Scrap, HDPE Blue Drums Scrap, hdpe milk bottle scrap For Sale, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Blue Drums Scrap, High Density Polyethylene HDPE Resin, Polyethylene Waste Plastic, Purchase HDPE Blue Drum Scrap Online, Pure clean Recycled HDPE blue drum plastic scraps
WELCOME TO
check details
reased work to which professors have been subjected in recent years by public policies that commercialize education in Brazil.The aim of this study was to investigate rickettsial infection in equids, opossums and ticks in the municipality of Monte Mor, a place where a Brazilian spotted fever case occurred in 2005. In addition, characteristics possibly associated with seropositivity in horses were analyzed. Serum sam
Axitinib VEGFR inhibitor
Locoregional therapies are downstaging methods for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outside Milan criteria. Sorafenib was the first systemic therapy tested in a neoadjuvant setting of liver transplantation, but with unsatisfactory results due to minimal response rate(1). Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to control HCC in a significant fraction of patients and to even induc
buy ESI-09
Even if the concept of C-peptide as a hormone is presently not supported, some of its bioactivities continue to influence our understanding of evolutionary changes of also other peptides.The majority of epidemic models are described by non-linear differential equations which do not have a closed-form solution. Due to the absence of a closed-form solution, the understanding of the precise dynamics of a virus is rather lim
french door glass replacement plymouth Repair My Windows And Doors
DIY French Door Frame Replacement
French doors are a stunning feature for any home. They offer protection against intruders, while increasing the amount of light that enters and the visual connection between spaces.
A replacement door frame project is usually
Troglitazone
The combination of new approaches in computational biology and new culture-dependent and -independent strategies is thus critical for the recovery of the potential novel chemistry encoded in Antarctica microorganisms.A novel approach for the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine-6,12(5H,11H)diones has been developed. This facile three-step method uses variously substituted 1H-b
best budget bunk beds
The Best Place to Buy Bunk Beds
Bunk beds are a space-saving and fun addition to kids’ rooms. The best bunk beds have an attractive design and a range of features to make them last for years.
For example some bunks have clever storage, such as the Pottery Barn Belden, which includes a des
http://wmbet
เป็น คาสิโนยอดนิยม ด้วย บริการที่ครบครันและ มาตรฐานระดับโลก ผู้เล่นสามารถ ลงทุนได้แบบปลอดภัย ไม่ว่าจะเป็น เกมไพ่บาคาร่า หรือ เกมคาสิโนสด เหมาะสำหรับผู้ที่ต้องการ ประสบการณ์ที่ดีที่สุด
Vemurafenib clinical trial
Staphylococcus-associated marginal keratitis is an immune-mediated corneal disorder mainly secondary to chronic blepharoconjunctivitis. We report a rare case of Staphylococcus-associated marginal keratitis following pterygium excision. To the best of our knowledge, none of the previous literature has described such an acute complication after pterygium surgery.
We
read more
BACKGROUND Computerized adaptive test (CAT) questionnaires may allow standardization of patient-reported outcome measures and reductions in questionnaire burden. We evaluated the validity, accuracy, and efficacy of a CAT system in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty. METHODS CAT Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS) and CAT KOOS-JR questionnaires were applied to 1871 standard form KO
selleck chemical
To evaluate the short-term efficacy of transcutaneous glucocorticoid injection for laryngeal contact granuloma in females.
A total of 14 female patients with laryngeal contact granuloma treated in our outpatient department from November 2017 to January 2020 were included in the study. Inspiratory-phase laryngoscopy images were collected before treatment and 1month a
CUDC-101 mouse
0% vs 9.1%, P = .019) and later recovery of flatus (3 vs 2 days, P = .011) than the SEMS group. Additionally, the length of resected colon was longer in the colostomy group than in the SEMS group (33.9 vs 23.4 cm, P = .007).Although SEMS might permit higher laparoscopic resection rates and faster recovery of bowel habits than diverting colostomy, SEMS showed meaningful failure rate including migration and perforatio
view site…
Fixing French Door Locking Mechanism Replacement
You’ll want to secure your french doors safely. This can be accomplished by selecting a lock that will keep your door secure without obstructing airflow and affecting the appearance of your space.
French door locks are generally an all
https://kinogo.vip/
Приветствую всех киноманов и любителей качественного онлайн-кинематографа! Сегодня я приглашаю вас на захватывающее погружение в мир фильмов вместе с популярным онлайн-кинотеатром – Киного. Если вы ищете лучшие фильмы онлайн, то вам точно понравится это место, где можно насладиться просмотром любимых картин в удовольствие. Главное достоинство Киного – это огромная библиотека фильмов, которая позволяет каждому найти что-то по своему вкусу.
klick vinyl
First things first, let’s collect all of the important materials for the installation process. You’ll need your vinyl click flooring planks, underlayment, a utility knife, tape measure, and a trusty rubber mallet. These items are your finest pals for this project, so make sure you have every thing on hand before you start. SPC Vinyl Click is a water-proof and low-maintenance flooring option, making it ideal for hig
read more
The obtained results demonstrate that the high mortality can be caused by underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure, moderate Pulmonary Embolism Wells Score risk, platelet blood count less than 100000 (mcl), hypertension (HTN), high level of Bilirubin, smoking, and GCS level between 6 and 9.It is important to think about the eventual application of a COVID-19 vaccination certifica
selleck compound
Homebound older adults may be at risk of suicide due to elevated loneliness, social isolation, and depression. The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide posits that thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and reduced fear of death are key components of suicide risk. To better understand suicide risk among culturally diverse, homebound older adults, we collected baseline data on the prevalence of psychological distress, thwarted bel
bedside crib that turns into cot
Bedside Crib and Travel Cot
Bedside cribs are a type of cot that is attached to the bed’s side. They usually have one side that can be put down for easy reach and some come with an incline option that is ideal for babies with reflux.
MFM test subject Georgina said that the
combined ADHD symptoms in adults
Symptoms of ADHD in Adults Male
Many people with ADHD are not properly diagnosed. This is in part because of the way that symptoms of ADHD appear in various environments and for people of different ages and gender identities.
As an adult, you may struggle wi
this website
In this study, we explore findings that are consistent with previous research, as well as some that have not been previously explained. More research is needed to expand upon these findings in this rapidly growing field.The effective production of nanopatterned films generally requires a nanopatterned roll mold with a large area. We report on a novel system to fabricate large-area roll molds by recombination of smaller pa
Selleck Laduviglusib
This study aimed to investigate the potential interactions among long noncoding RNA domain containing 1-antisense (lncRNA DCST1-AS1), miR-21, and periodontal ligament-associated protein-1 (PLAP-1) in periodontitis.
It has been verified that miR-21 can target PLAP-1 to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs).
<
Selleckchem Olaparib
5% for DrID and +3.3% for DID. Peaks in relative differences were observed for July and August months. Relative differences were <5% in most subgroups, except for fosfomycin and three French regions. Overall and across most subgroups, the correlation between Xponent and SNDS monthly aggregated estimates was almost perfect (r ≥ 0.992 for all subgroups, except for one region). ARIMA modelling showed
go to this web-site
Soffit and Fascia Contractors Near Me
Under roof overhangs, fascia and soffits protect the house from moisture intrusion and ventilate attic spaces. They also keep pests and rodents out, and improve the appearance of the roofline. But like any part of the house, they wear out and require repair over time.
Atglistatin datasheet
S. EPA ToxCast program. For each of the tested substances, a relative ER bioactivity score was derived that allowed their grouping into four main categories of estrogenic activity, i.e. ‘strong’ (>0.9; four substances, i.e. natural hormones or pharmaceutical products), ‘moderate’ (0.9-0.6; six substances, i.e. phytoestrogens and Bisphenol AF), ‘weak’ ( less then 0.6; three substances, i.e Bisphenol S,
ADHD symptoms in adults males
Symptoms of ADHD in Adults Quiz
Adults suffering from ADHD typically do not recognize or treat their symptoms. This online quiz can help you determine whether you are suffering from symptoms of ADHD.
Each question in the test is rated according to how common
ghost ii immobiliser
How to Install Ghost on a CentOS Server
Ghost is a free and open source blogging platform. It is easy to use and comes with a wealth of features that make it easy to manage your blog’s content.
Enter the following command into the terminal to begin. This will install the essential files for Ghos
Huurrecht woonruimte Breda
Indien nodig kun je juridisch advies inwinnen om je belangen te beschermen. Zo voorkom je ongewenste situaties tijdens het huurcontract op een vakantiepark in Breda. Tijdens de huurperiode kunnen er verschillende problemen ontstaan.
<
best refrigerators brands
How to Select the Best Fridge Brands
Fridges are a significant investment. So, pick a brand name that’s reliable and trusted. Yale Appliance interviews appliance repair pros to get their insight on the most and least trustworthy fridge brands.
KitchenAid fridges get high marks for their
https://11bett.org/
Fast play time. The online world was made to be fast, and comprises online holdem poker. With online poker, you end up playing minimum 50 percent more hands that ascertain ever play at a real casino counter.
Sometimes these malicious programs come in form of popups certain might think it is coming by way
Methylation signal
Storage space can be utilized before biomechanical assessment if structural properties tend to be measured on the day of testing.The source of morphological diversity is a vital concern in evolutionary biology. Interactions amongst the environment and developmental procedures have determining roles in morphological variety, generating patterns through area and over time. A
CRCD2
Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide hormone involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, food intake and glucose metabolism. Serum levels increase anticipating a meal and fall afterwards. Underlying genetic mechanisms of the ghrelin secretion are unknown.
Total serum ghrelin was measured in 1501 subjects selected from the population-based LIFE-ADULT-sample after an overnight fast. A gen