Department Store Industry

1: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW: DEPARTMENT STORES

Department stores are large retail outlets that contain numerous individual shops, providing a wide range of product lines. Department stores most oftentimes consist of the following product categories:

1)      Food

2)      Cosmetics

3)      Shoes and Accessories

4)      Clothing

5)      Interior Décor

6)      Restaurants

Depending on the type of department store, department stores can offer a much wider range of products, including furniture, toys, electronics, books, etc.

Department stores come in a wide range of qualities and prices. There are such things as “high-end department stores”, which would focus purely on offering high-profile brands and products, while there are more mass-market targeting department stores, which are more likely to include a wider range of products, including practical household products.

That said, department stores will oftentimes try to cater to specific types of market segments. Particularly in the case of department stores in large cities, each department store will try to position itself differently from its direct and nearby competitors: some will try to cater to younger generations, while some will try to cater to the older generations. Some will try to cater to those interested in mainstream brands, while others will focus more on boutique, independent brands.

In the US, the department store industry includes approximately 20 companies operating roughly 3,500 stores. Major department stores in the US include: Sears, JCPenney, Macy’s, and Dillard’s. The industry earns an annual revenue of around $60 billion USD, 95% of which is earned by the largest 8 companies in the industry.

Some links about the industry:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_store

http://vspages.com/mall-vs-department-store-5580/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mall

http://www.hoovers.com/industry/department-stores/1529-1.html

 

SPACE

2a: Implicit or Explicit?

From the department store owner’s standpoint, I would say that space is often sold explicitly, as they would charge the tenants per the size of the lease space. On the other hand, for stalls or booths set up in more open areas of the department store, space may be considered more implicit, as these spaces may be sold with less correlation to the exact size of the space.

2b: Ways of Splitting Space

Department stores have different types of spaces within the building that cater to their customers. The most typical type is the space split by fixed walls into one unit, and can usually be shut off or closed by a door or a shutter. These spaces cannot easily be adjusted in terms of size and layout without investment of significant time and money. These fixed spaces are generally leased out to a specific brand or company, such as Zara, Coach, Burberry, etc.

 

Then there is the semi-fixed space, such as the department store areas dedicated to selling cosmetics or shoes. These are oftentimes open areas in which a specific brand or merchandising line take up certain spaces, but are not divided up by physical walls or entryways. These areas are much more flexible in terms of changing the products being handled, given that one area can easily be changed to carry one brand/line from another; however, certain fixtures used for the displays will be fixed, and hence less flexible to change from a layout perspective.

 

There is also open space, in which temporary booths or stalls are built to sell a smaller line of products or services.

Different from other uses of store space is the use of space to purely focus on selling experiential services. For department stores, the focus generally remains on selling physical products. However, there are rare instances when space is allocated to selling services—one case being when department stores are attached to movie theaters.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2c: Creating Additional Revenue

One of the most standard ways for department stores to create additional revenue is by holding major seasonal sales. Because the product life cycle of clothes tends to be fairly short, many stores have inventory left over by the time they have to replace old products with new products. Having a highly publicized sale allows for these leftover products to be sold, be it at a lower price than its retail value.

One key to making people spend more money is to convince people to stay out shopping longer. A way to do this is to provide adequate opportunity for people to take a break from shopping and rest. Many department stores provide these venues by creating food courts—or in high-end places by providing patisseries or coffee shops at which people can recharge before going back to shop some more.

I also think one of the more creative ways in which department stores have used their space to create additional revenue is through creative use of its open space. Another approach department stores can use to bring people to their stores is to provide an additional incentive to go to that location. A common approach used to achieve this in the U.S. has been to create playgrounds in the open areas of the department stores. This service often incentivizes families to go to a department store, simply because it allows an opportunity for their children to play.

 One more approach commonly used in Japanese department stores to bring more people to the site is to host certain “festivals” or special events in their open space. For example, department stores would often host weekly “mini fairs” on either the ground floor or the top floor, in which one area of the department store would be devoted to hosting jewelry/clothes/food from brands and shops that usually were not represented at the department store. The content would be changed frequently, and the department store would often be able to bring new people into the store by publicizing new, limited-time genres of offerings at their store.

2d: Potential New Ways of Splitting Space

There are several different directions department stores could potentially go in terms of splitting space differently. One direction would be to use space to create more personalized services to customers. Many of the spaces in department stores are “public”, but allocating a portion of space at high-end stores to allow for “private” space may allow for varying experiences for customers. Customers would be charged a premium for making use of these private spaces.

Another potential use may be to make the spaces more flexible. Instead of sticking with a model that leans heavily toward having “fixed” spaces, changing to a model in which it would be much simpler, cheaper, and quicker to change tenants may be an attractive approach for department stores that are pursuing a more trendy, up-to-date feel.

3: TIME

3a: Implicit or Explicit?

Department stores generally sell time implicitly: this is because the product being sold generally isn’t associated with a particular time limit. For example, it is not like a massage, where you are buying 60 minutes worth of service. The transaction is associated with a physical product unattached to time.

3c: Selling Time Explicitly

Time is currently being sold explicitly at certain department stores, although these cases are generally not a reflection of its overall business model. For example, some department stores may include shops that offer time-explicit services. Some department stores have massage shops, which are time-based service sales.

 As another example, some department stores in Japan have small football fields on their rooftops, which people can rent out on an hourly basis.

(http://www.futaba-sp.com/omiya/2010/03/post-23.html)

 

 

Some department stores also include game centers for children—some of these entertainment options include machines that run for a set period of time per game.

 

 

 

Department stores will often have restaurants on one of their floors. These restaurants can often choose to set time limits to each group of customers (ex. 2hr limit) to be able to take in more customers during peak times.

(http://www.mitokeisei.co.jp/shop/10_skygarden/11keizan.html)

 

 

 

3d: Creative Things to do with Time

There are a couple things that could be done creatively with time—some of which may already be being done to varying lengths at department stores. One might be to offer some sort of benefit if a certain amount of time is spent within the department store. For example, if a customer was to receive certain benefits if they stayed for 5 hours at a department store on an off-peak day, this could incentivize customers to spend more money during their wait time, and this could also help to improve the image of the department store by maintaining more customers.

 

Another thing they might potentially consider doing is to include shops that provide rental services. Some shops may already do tuxedo/dress rentals, which would be time-based; they could potentially take this further by doing time-based rentals of other high-end luxury clothes and accessories.

4a/b: Physical and Non-Physical Rate Fences

Below are several examples of physical rate fences (owner-tenant relationships are more likely to be involved with physical rate fences than the tenant-customer relationships)

  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the size of the space being rented, owners can choose to increase or decrease the rates
  • (Owner-tenant POV) Certain areas of a department store are likely to be more popular/convenient; hence an owner can charge more depending on the location of the space within the store (http://www.ehow.com/facts_6313023_average-retail-lease_.html)
  • (Tenant-customer POV) For services such as restaurants within the department store, tenants can set rates by charging differently between open areas and private rooms

In terms of non-physical rate fences, I would say that there are many opportunities to create rate fences, depending on the type of service/product the store sells. There are also several opportunities within the owner-tenant relationship:

  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the lease period, the owner can set different rates to charge the tenant
  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the credibility/attractiveness of the tenant, the owner can set different rates
  • (Tenant-customer POV) Depending on the quality of the product, functionality of the product, or time/length of the service, rates can be set differently. There is an enormously wide range of examples of this in department stores. A Gap outlet, for example, may sell a tank top for $10, while a Burberry outlet would sell a similar styled tank top for $150. Similarly, a cell phone with 3G functionality may sell at a cell phone provider outlet at a certain price, while a phone with 4G functionality would sell at a much higher price.

4c: Creative Ways to Set Rate Fences

Some ways I can think of setting rate fences creatively is to perhaps offer more intangible services—rather than just the physical products. For example, an I Love Bangkok t-shirt may only cost $5 at the actual retail shop, but if the customer already knows what he/she wants, but doesn’t want to make the trip up 7 floors and 5 minutes of walking to get there, the store could potentially charge an extra $1 to have the t-shirt brought down to the concierge desk of the department store for a quick pick-up.

391,311 thoughts on “Department Store Industry

  1. visit the following web page
    Buy a2 Certificate – Get More Freedom Flying Drones

    The A2 Certificate of Compatibility is the most effective way to gain more freedom when flying your drone. The certificate will permit you to fly older “legacy’ drones in built up areas if they meet the latest standards of the product and have an A2 class rating.

    <b

  2. Nutrition and Diet
    Chihuahua a hundred and one: Your Best Information to Raising Satisfied and Healthier Puppies

    Chihuahuas are Probably the most beloved little Doggy breeds, cherished for their distinctive individuality, intelligence, and loyalty. No matter if you’re contemplating Chihuahuas available or have now welcomed a Chihuahua puppy into your daily life, it’s important to understand how to care for, educate, and soc

  3. b1 certificate
    The Goethe Certificate

    Many universities in Germany and in other countries accept the Goethe Certificate. However getting ready for the test takes time and effort. There are six different levels ranging from A1 to C2. Some of the exams can be taken by youngsters, while others are only for adults.

    <

  4. check details
    Site and scene-level correlates of error were investigated. RESULTS Agreement between EVIP and ground truth was high for number of people in the scene (CCC=0.88; MAE=2.70) and moderate for number of people active (CCC=0.55; MAE=2.57). EVIP error was uncorrelated with camera placement, presence of obstructions or shadows, and setting type. For both number in scene and number active, EVIP outperformed SOPARC observations

  5. http://arcdog.com/architects/portcolon3/activity/460727/
    Judi online telah menjadi ancaman serius di era digital ini, berkedok sebagai aktivitas yang menawarkan keuntungan instan. Layaknya predator yang menunggu di balik topeng menarik, platform judi online dibuat dengan warna-warni memikat dan efek suara yang mengaktifkan dopamin di otak. Tanpa terasa, seseorang bisa terjerumus dalam lingkaran setan ketergantungan yang tida

  6. Selleck Proteinase K
    Our experience confirmed what already demonstrated by previous reports radiofrequency ablation can effectively eliminate small papillary carcinomas, with a very low complication rate. It may be an alternative strategy for the treatment of low-risk, indolent papillary thyroid microcarcinomas, thus avoiding the potential side-effects of surgery in patients at risk for relevant comorbidities.Background and Pu

  7. Selleck Androgen Receptor Antagonist
    In C. elegans, expression of the UPRER transcription factor xbp-1s in neurons cell non-autonomously activates the UPRER in the intestine, leading to enhanced proteostasis and lifespan. To better understand this signaling pathway, we isolated neurons from animals expressing neuronal xbp-1s for transcriptomic analysis, revealing a striking remodeling of transcripts involved in neuronal signaling.

  8. GSK046 Epigenetic Reader Domain inhibitor
    BACKGROUND Few existing tools quickly identify dietary behaviours related to dental caries. The objectives of this study were to (i) create a patient-generated questionnaire identifying these dietary behaviours, (ii) capture information on these dietary behaviours in two specific populations via questionnaire pilot testing and (iii) determine questionnaire test-retest reliability. METHODS Af

  9. 3-MA
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) refers to a small, short non-coding RNA of endogenous class. They have shown to have an increasingly altered expression in many types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC).In the present study, miRNA TaqManMGB and qRT-PCR was used to quantify the expression and clinical significance of 3 mature human miRNA in 82 pairs of colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and normal adjacent tissue samples (NAT

  10. c-RET inhibitor
    In terms of treatment intensity, initial severity moderated effect of treatment intensity on only one domain – change in autism symptom severity, and in a secondary analysis, this effect was found in only one site.

    Neither treatment style or intensity had overall effects on child outcomes in the four domains examined. Initial severity did not predict better response to one interv

  11. you could try this out
    The Best Bunk Bed Brands

    Some bunk beds have easy-to-climb stairs instead of ladders which are more secure for children and anyone who has trouble with a ladder. Stairs can also be more expensive and take up more space.

    Certain products come with a removable trundle that can be tucked away un

  12. best place to buy bunk beds
    The Best Bunk Beds For Low Ceilings

    Bunks can be a great method to reduce space and also encourage siblings or roommates to spend more time together. But if you live in a room with low ceilings and a small space, you may need to think differently about the layout.

    A bunk bed with a trundle is

  13. autophagy compound library
    RT-PCR was used to assess the expression of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP, respectively), c-fos, and c-jun. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, phosphorylated NF-κB p65), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), p38, phosphorylated p38, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Set alongside the ISO team, the TA

  14. selleck products
    Furthermore, the activity evaluation studies showed that the reduction of removing blood stasis effect of QCT was due to the decrease of dehydro-α-lapachone, lapachol, rubioncolin C and mollugin. This study demonstrated that the method has been successfully applied to determine the content of twelve quinones responsible for the function variation of QCT, and provided a new insight into the material basis and th

  15. selleck inhibitor
    Additionally, GJ treatment showed the dose-dependent inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. Furthermore, GJ treatment downregulated the RANKL-induced cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells.

    In summary, GJ ameliorated periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss via inhibiting transcription factors including nuclear factor-κB, c-fos and extracellular signal

  16. Thapsigargin manufacturer
    To provide new ideas for improving meat quality and generating new breeds of cattle, the important candidate genes affecting fat deposition in two kinds of cattle were identified. Eighteen months Shandong black cattle (n = 3) and Luxi cattle (n = 3) were randomly assigned into two environmental. The longissimus dorsi muscles of Shandong Black Cattle and Luxi Cattle were collected and analyzed by fatty

  17. 2′,3′-cGAMP purchase
    Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 in cell-culture was successful up to a Ct value of 29. The POCT reliably detects high SARS-CoV-2 loads and rapidly identifies infectious individuals.To calibrate the low signal response of the ocean color (OC) bands and test the stability of the Fengyun-3D (FY-3D)/Medium Resolution Spectral Imager II (MERSI-II), an absolute radiometric calibration field test of FY-3D/MERSI-II at the La

  18. SCH-527123 nmr
    The cohort was divided by the FBS-to-delivery time Group 1 (n = 128) ≤ 20 min, Group 2 (n = 117) 21-59 min and Group 3 (n = 140) ≥ 60 min. The proportion of FSS-positive tests differed significantly between the groups (p less then 0.000). In Group 1 the sensitivity, specificity and likelihoods for scalp lactate ≥4.2 mmol/L were 81.5 (95% CI 67-90.1), 13.3 18.5 (95% CI 5.9-24.6), LHR+ 0.94 (95% CI 0.8-1.1) and LHR

  19. Quinine
    BACKGROUND The inflammatory response plays a critical role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and inflammatory cytokine storm increases the severity of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To investigate the ability of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) to predict mild and severe cases of COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included 140 patients diagnosed with COVI

  20. Odor Removal Services
    AJS Carpet Services is your premier choice for high-quality, professional carpet cleaning services, offering a comprehensive range of cleaning solutions designed to meet the needs of both residential and commercial clients. With extensive experience and a commitment to excellence, we has established itself as a trusted provider of first-class

  21. HIF antagonist
    Drug interactions represent a major issue in clinical settings, especially for critically ill patients such as those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) who require cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) and receive a high number of different medications.

    A cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the exposure and clinical significance of drug-drug (DDIs) and drug-dietary supplement intera

  22. selleck chemicals
    of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats through effects that might involve both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. PURPOSE To investigate using a novel imaging approach – hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for simultaneous metabolism and perfusion assessment – to evaluate early and does-dependent radiotherapy (RT) response in a prostate cancer mouse model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Transgenic Adenocar

  23. GNE-317
    Biomass chars are a major component of the soil environmental black carbon pool and prepared forms are a potentially useful tool in remediation. A function critical to the roles of both environmental and prepared chars is sorption of organic compounds. Char properties known to control sorption include surface area, porosity, functional group composition, and percent aromatic carbon. Here, we show that sorption affinity (but

  24. Selleckchem Lotiglipron
    The lake, escarpment and mainstem group systems had narrow diel and seasonal CO2 concentration variability, while wetlands and vegetated impoundments had the widest ranges. Our high resolution spatio-temporal sampling was essential to identifying CO2 outgassing hotspots in these geomorphically diverse catchments. Overall, >95% of excess dissolved CO2 traversing the upper Blue Mountains Plateau was out

  25. Kinase Inhibitor Library
    procoagulant platelet formation, to a model of pulmonary microvascular thrombosis. Mice with platelets lacking cyclophilin D died significantly faster from pulmonary microvascular thrombosis compared to littermate wild-type controls. These results suggest dysregulated procoagulant platelet responses may contribute to thrombotic complications during SARS-CoV-2 infection.A 2D boron nanosheet

  26. Narożniki
    Narożniki to nie tylko funkcjonalne meble, ale także kluczowy element wystroju każdego wnętrza. Wybór odpowiedniego narożnika może znacząco wpłynąć na komfort i atmosferę w naszym salonie czy pokoju dziennym. Jako centralny punkt, narożnik łączy w sobie estetykę oraz praktyczność, co czyni go sercem każdej przestrzeni.

    Jednym z najpopularniejszych rozwiązań na rynku są n

  27. https://powerjuicy.com/
    Pelbagai jenis keuntungan bakal diperoleh beberapa betaruh yang main judi online pada website sah serta bisa dipercaya. Penting disadari jika bermacam ragam keuntungan memanglah bisa dirasa dan diperoleh banyak betaruh dengan kencangnya melalui penyeleksian situs sah yang pas. Karenanya, kenali terus apa keuntungan yang dapat diperoleh dari web-site judi online yang sah.

    Bakal ada beberapa keuntungan dan keluasaan

  28. Read the Full Piece of writing
    Case Battles in Counter Strike Global Offensive

    Case battles in Counter Strike Global Offensive are an innovative method of opening cases. You can battle against bots or other players. Once creates a battle, the money to participate in it will be deducted automatically from their balance.

    Making a budget is a great way

  29. Bardoxolone
    AIMS Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a heterogenous entity leading to liver damage. We have analysed the frequency, biochemical and histological patterns and clinical courses of DILI cases due to metamizole at our tertiary care centre in Hamburg, Germany. METHODS Consecutive patients with DILI who presented to our clinic were analysed retrospectively. Causes of acute hepatitis other than DILI were excluded. RESU

  30. MT-802 in vivo
    In the SNHG1-associated network, high expression levels of SNHG1 (log-rank P value = 0.0643), E2F8 (log-rank P value = 0.000048), FANCE (log-rank P value = 0.00125) and LMNB2 (log-rank P value = 0.0392) were significantly associated with poor survival. Single-cell analysis showed that E2F8 may play an important role in tumorigenesis or cancer development.

    Our results highlight t

  31. loozap
    In today’s fast-paced digital world, the way we connect with goods and services has transformed dramatically. One platform that embodies this shift is Loozap, an innovative classified website designed to simplify the buying, selling, and renting experience for users around the globe. Whether you are on the hunt for your dream car, looking to rent an apartment, or seeking job opport

  32. symptoms of ADHD in adults quiz
    Adult ADHD Symptoms in Men and Boys

    ADHD in adults can be different than in children. Men and boys are more likely to be diagnosed, but stereotypes, referral prejudice, internalized symptoms and gender role expectations can hinder an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

    In relationships, for example mood swings or impulsivity can

  33. L-Glutathione reduced
    The concise syntheses of two alkylated hydroquinone natural products, violaceoids A and C, were accomplished by a protecting-group-free method employing the commercially available 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde as the starting material. The key strategy of the syntheses is the utilization of alkenylboronic acid as both the coupling and temporary protective reagents to efficiently introduce the requisite alkenyl

  34. Polysucrose 400 Food additive
    Biofilm Polysaccharide Display Platform : A Natural , Renewable , and Biocompatible Material for Improved Lipase Performance . Most of the micro-organisms can form biofilms , which puddles biofilms an abundant bioresource to be overworked . Due to the limits of the lotion of current immobilisation methods for biofilms , we originated an immobilizing method addressed the biofilm polysaccharide display ( BPD ) scheme

  35. JIB-04 price
    Epicardial and mediastinal adipose tissue (EAT, MAT) are linked to metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have thicker EAT. We assessed if EAT and MAT could be associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with advanced CKD and haemodialysis therapy.

    A post-hoc study was performed. We analyzed a prospe

  36. check details
    We aimed to compare clinical outcomes of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Enterobacterales and those with New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacterales.

    We performed a retrospective cohort study of all adult patients with KPC- or NDM-producing Enterobacterales isolates in a 2700-bed tertiary referral hospital in Seoul, South Kor

  37. visit this hyperlink
    Samsung Dual Fuel Range Cookers

    If you’re looking for a dual-fuel range cooker that uses gas on the cooktop and electric in the oven this model from Samsung has you covered. The cooktop of the stove has burners that range from a powerful boil to precise simmer and ceramic dividers inside the oven lets you bak

  38. Driving Lessons
    Learning to Drive – Why You Need Professional

    Learning to drive is a valuable skill that can bring numerous benefits. For starters, it allows you to travel on your own without being tied to bus routes or the availability of others for rides. This flexibility lets you easily commute to work or social events, as well as othe

  39. boarding up services
    Emergency Boarding Up Services

    When severe storms, natural disasters, or other unplanned circumstances cause destruction to buildings and homes It is crucial to secure them as soon as possible. Emergency boarding services can assist stabilize damaged buildings and safeguard them against further damage until repairs are completed.

    <b

  40. CCT251545 datasheet
    Joint Species Distribution Modelling (JSDM) is becoming an increasingly popular statistical method for analysing data in community ecology. Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC) is a general and flexible framework for fitting JSDMs. HMSC allows the integration of community ecology data with data on environmental covariates, species traits, phylogenetic relationships and the spatio-temporal conte

  41. ALK cancer
    ignaling pathway.Astrocytes play a pivotal role in maintaining the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and function. In response to CNS injuries and diseases, reactive astrocytes are triggered. By purifying and genetically profiling reactive astrocytes, it has been now found that astrocytes can be activated into two polarization states the neurotoxic or pro-inflammatory phenotype (A1) and the neuroprotective or anti-inflammatory

  42. second hand wood burning stoves
    Why Does My Wood Burning Fireplace Produce Less Heat?

    There is nothing better than a roaring wood fire on a cold evening. Many homeowners use wood fireplaces to heat their homes.

    burning fireplaces require regular maintenance and cleaning to ensure that they’re operating properly. This includes regular chimney

  43. EGFR inhibitors list
    A measure to quantify the degree of strong convexity at the coarse-grained level is proposed. It is shown that the convexity score scheme can identify the interaction distance fairly well even while the position of the global minimum of the derivative of average transfer entropy does not. We also derive an analytical model to explain the relationship between the interaction domain and the change in transfer entropy th

  44. sunwin
    Well, the good news is that carbohydrates win money at internet casinos. In fact, people go for it every calendar day. keep in contact with real gamblers on a day-to-day basis and they win cash flow. Sometimes, they win lots of money. Every once in a while, I even read legitimate news stories about people who have won jackpots worth eco-friendly tea’s health benefits million dollars.

  45. test for adult adhd
    ADHD Testing – The First Step to Diagnosing ADHD

    A complete ADHD assessment involves a medical interview with the person being assessed and one or more questionnaires designed to assess symptoms. Teachers and parents are often interviewed, too.

    To be diagnosed with ADHD children or adul

  46. click the up coming post
    The Goethe Certificate

    The Goethe Certificate is a German test that measures proficiency at six levels. These levels range between beginners (level A1) and masters of German (level C2). Obtaining the Goethe certificate requires a thorough understanding of the process of taking exams and a thorough understanding of the test proced

  47. sunwin
    of this modification are huge if comprehend the likelihood of casino exercises. Every casino table game has predictable odds get been set by law and business. In short, it is possible to learn the correct odds cons play for just a casino . The correct odds for a slot machine are only known to casino management and could be changed at will. There is only one cap. By state law, the house edge

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *