Department Store Industry

1: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW: DEPARTMENT STORES

Department stores are large retail outlets that contain numerous individual shops, providing a wide range of product lines. Department stores most oftentimes consist of the following product categories:

1)      Food

2)      Cosmetics

3)      Shoes and Accessories

4)      Clothing

5)      Interior Décor

6)      Restaurants

Depending on the type of department store, department stores can offer a much wider range of products, including furniture, toys, electronics, books, etc.

Department stores come in a wide range of qualities and prices. There are such things as “high-end department stores”, which would focus purely on offering high-profile brands and products, while there are more mass-market targeting department stores, which are more likely to include a wider range of products, including practical household products.

That said, department stores will oftentimes try to cater to specific types of market segments. Particularly in the case of department stores in large cities, each department store will try to position itself differently from its direct and nearby competitors: some will try to cater to younger generations, while some will try to cater to the older generations. Some will try to cater to those interested in mainstream brands, while others will focus more on boutique, independent brands.

In the US, the department store industry includes approximately 20 companies operating roughly 3,500 stores. Major department stores in the US include: Sears, JCPenney, Macy’s, and Dillard’s. The industry earns an annual revenue of around $60 billion USD, 95% of which is earned by the largest 8 companies in the industry.

Some links about the industry:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_store

http://vspages.com/mall-vs-department-store-5580/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mall

http://www.hoovers.com/industry/department-stores/1529-1.html

 

SPACE

2a: Implicit or Explicit?

From the department store owner’s standpoint, I would say that space is often sold explicitly, as they would charge the tenants per the size of the lease space. On the other hand, for stalls or booths set up in more open areas of the department store, space may be considered more implicit, as these spaces may be sold with less correlation to the exact size of the space.

2b: Ways of Splitting Space

Department stores have different types of spaces within the building that cater to their customers. The most typical type is the space split by fixed walls into one unit, and can usually be shut off or closed by a door or a shutter. These spaces cannot easily be adjusted in terms of size and layout without investment of significant time and money. These fixed spaces are generally leased out to a specific brand or company, such as Zara, Coach, Burberry, etc.

 

Then there is the semi-fixed space, such as the department store areas dedicated to selling cosmetics or shoes. These are oftentimes open areas in which a specific brand or merchandising line take up certain spaces, but are not divided up by physical walls or entryways. These areas are much more flexible in terms of changing the products being handled, given that one area can easily be changed to carry one brand/line from another; however, certain fixtures used for the displays will be fixed, and hence less flexible to change from a layout perspective.

 

There is also open space, in which temporary booths or stalls are built to sell a smaller line of products or services.

Different from other uses of store space is the use of space to purely focus on selling experiential services. For department stores, the focus generally remains on selling physical products. However, there are rare instances when space is allocated to selling services—one case being when department stores are attached to movie theaters.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2c: Creating Additional Revenue

One of the most standard ways for department stores to create additional revenue is by holding major seasonal sales. Because the product life cycle of clothes tends to be fairly short, many stores have inventory left over by the time they have to replace old products with new products. Having a highly publicized sale allows for these leftover products to be sold, be it at a lower price than its retail value.

One key to making people spend more money is to convince people to stay out shopping longer. A way to do this is to provide adequate opportunity for people to take a break from shopping and rest. Many department stores provide these venues by creating food courts—or in high-end places by providing patisseries or coffee shops at which people can recharge before going back to shop some more.

I also think one of the more creative ways in which department stores have used their space to create additional revenue is through creative use of its open space. Another approach department stores can use to bring people to their stores is to provide an additional incentive to go to that location. A common approach used to achieve this in the U.S. has been to create playgrounds in the open areas of the department stores. This service often incentivizes families to go to a department store, simply because it allows an opportunity for their children to play.

 One more approach commonly used in Japanese department stores to bring more people to the site is to host certain “festivals” or special events in their open space. For example, department stores would often host weekly “mini fairs” on either the ground floor or the top floor, in which one area of the department store would be devoted to hosting jewelry/clothes/food from brands and shops that usually were not represented at the department store. The content would be changed frequently, and the department store would often be able to bring new people into the store by publicizing new, limited-time genres of offerings at their store.

2d: Potential New Ways of Splitting Space

There are several different directions department stores could potentially go in terms of splitting space differently. One direction would be to use space to create more personalized services to customers. Many of the spaces in department stores are “public”, but allocating a portion of space at high-end stores to allow for “private” space may allow for varying experiences for customers. Customers would be charged a premium for making use of these private spaces.

Another potential use may be to make the spaces more flexible. Instead of sticking with a model that leans heavily toward having “fixed” spaces, changing to a model in which it would be much simpler, cheaper, and quicker to change tenants may be an attractive approach for department stores that are pursuing a more trendy, up-to-date feel.

3: TIME

3a: Implicit or Explicit?

Department stores generally sell time implicitly: this is because the product being sold generally isn’t associated with a particular time limit. For example, it is not like a massage, where you are buying 60 minutes worth of service. The transaction is associated with a physical product unattached to time.

3c: Selling Time Explicitly

Time is currently being sold explicitly at certain department stores, although these cases are generally not a reflection of its overall business model. For example, some department stores may include shops that offer time-explicit services. Some department stores have massage shops, which are time-based service sales.

 As another example, some department stores in Japan have small football fields on their rooftops, which people can rent out on an hourly basis.

(http://www.futaba-sp.com/omiya/2010/03/post-23.html)

 

 

Some department stores also include game centers for children—some of these entertainment options include machines that run for a set period of time per game.

 

 

 

Department stores will often have restaurants on one of their floors. These restaurants can often choose to set time limits to each group of customers (ex. 2hr limit) to be able to take in more customers during peak times.

(http://www.mitokeisei.co.jp/shop/10_skygarden/11keizan.html)

 

 

 

3d: Creative Things to do with Time

There are a couple things that could be done creatively with time—some of which may already be being done to varying lengths at department stores. One might be to offer some sort of benefit if a certain amount of time is spent within the department store. For example, if a customer was to receive certain benefits if they stayed for 5 hours at a department store on an off-peak day, this could incentivize customers to spend more money during their wait time, and this could also help to improve the image of the department store by maintaining more customers.

 

Another thing they might potentially consider doing is to include shops that provide rental services. Some shops may already do tuxedo/dress rentals, which would be time-based; they could potentially take this further by doing time-based rentals of other high-end luxury clothes and accessories.

4a/b: Physical and Non-Physical Rate Fences

Below are several examples of physical rate fences (owner-tenant relationships are more likely to be involved with physical rate fences than the tenant-customer relationships)

  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the size of the space being rented, owners can choose to increase or decrease the rates
  • (Owner-tenant POV) Certain areas of a department store are likely to be more popular/convenient; hence an owner can charge more depending on the location of the space within the store (http://www.ehow.com/facts_6313023_average-retail-lease_.html)
  • (Tenant-customer POV) For services such as restaurants within the department store, tenants can set rates by charging differently between open areas and private rooms

In terms of non-physical rate fences, I would say that there are many opportunities to create rate fences, depending on the type of service/product the store sells. There are also several opportunities within the owner-tenant relationship:

  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the lease period, the owner can set different rates to charge the tenant
  • (Owner-tenant POV) Depending on the credibility/attractiveness of the tenant, the owner can set different rates
  • (Tenant-customer POV) Depending on the quality of the product, functionality of the product, or time/length of the service, rates can be set differently. There is an enormously wide range of examples of this in department stores. A Gap outlet, for example, may sell a tank top for $10, while a Burberry outlet would sell a similar styled tank top for $150. Similarly, a cell phone with 3G functionality may sell at a cell phone provider outlet at a certain price, while a phone with 4G functionality would sell at a much higher price.

4c: Creative Ways to Set Rate Fences

Some ways I can think of setting rate fences creatively is to perhaps offer more intangible services—rather than just the physical products. For example, an I Love Bangkok t-shirt may only cost $5 at the actual retail shop, but if the customer already knows what he/she wants, but doesn’t want to make the trip up 7 floors and 5 minutes of walking to get there, the store could potentially charge an extra $1 to have the t-shirt brought down to the concierge desk of the department store for a quick pick-up.

71,301 thoughts on “Department Store Industry

  1. laboratory furnace manufacturer
    Atmosphere furnaces, are designed to operate in various atmospheres, including air, nitrogen(N2), argon(Ar), and hydrogen(H2), to optimize the thermal treatment process. Nitrogen and Argon are used to create inert atmospheres that prevent oxidation and improve material quality. serves as a reducing agent, enhancing the purity of the materials being processed. Air may be

  2. best site
    Power Tools – Empower Creation, Not Injury

    Power tools are essential for any home improvement project. Regular use of power tools can help you finish your projects faster and more efficient. If not used correctly, power tools can cause frustration and waste.

    The biggest factor in purchasing

  3. box furnace manufacturer
    , are designed to operate in various atmospheres, including air, nitrogen(N2), argon(Ar), and hydrogen(H2), to optimize the thermal treatment process. Nitrogen and Argon are used to create inert atmospheres that prevent oxidation and improve material quality. Hydrogen serves as a reducing agent, enhancing the purity of the materials being processed. Air may be utilized for specific ap

  4. mercedes replacement keys
    Mercedes-Benz Keys Make Life Easier

    Mercedes-Benz offers many convenient features and convenience features to make driving easier. Keyless Start and Keyless Go are two of the most recent technological advancements in vehicle convenience.

    Keyless-Start makes it s

  5. Abaya Set
    The abaya, a flowing garment that transcends trends and time, embodies a rich cultural heritage while offering an undeniable elegance that women around the world cherish. Often crafted from luxurious fabrics and adorned with intricate details, the abaya serves as both a statement of modesty and a celebration of style. As it drapes gracefully over the silhouette, it exudes confidence, making the wearer feel empowered

  6. https://www.pinterest.com/789clubong/
    Chào mừng bạn đến với Câu lạc bộ 789, nơi cung cấp những trải nghiệm giải trí thú vị và tạo ra cơ hội trúng thưởng cực khủng. Với nền tảng chơi game online chất lượng, 789club được đông đảo người chơi yêu mến vì tính phong phú trong các trò chơi, từ cờ bạc trực tuyến, slot game cho đến bắn cá. Chúng tôi cam kết mang đến cho bạn sự công bằng và hệ thống bảo mật tuyệt đối, giúp bạn yên tâm khi tham gia.

  7. ulixertinib inhibitor
    A total of 246 (87%) responses were obtained. A lot of the EDs arranged a triage system, medical, and observance wards; places especially for customers suspected of having COVID-19 were newly set aside. The nursing staff ended up being increased in 83% regarding the EDs (with no subgroup variations), and 59% increased the amount of doctors (especia

  8. Wood Burning Stoves
    Second Hand

    Second-hand wood burning stoves can be an excellent choice for those who are looking for a new log burner but cannot afford the price of new appliances. Stoves that are used can add an individual appearance to your home and leave less of an environmental impact than new models.

  9. Repair My Windows And Doors
    Replacing a UPVC Door Lock Mechanism

    Replacing uPVC door lock mechanisms can be a challenge when you don’t have the right tools or knowledge. It is also important to know the proper security measures prior to beginning any work.

    All locks need regular cleaning and lubrication in order to en

  10. https://iva.ctr.hk/
    債務重組很重要財務概念涉及過程個人或面對債務時的企業那不能償還,並通過與債權人的談判實現更有利的還款條件。此過程通常包括措施例如重新支付付款計劃,減少利息和可能減少債務協助債務人更有效地管理其財務狀況。

    有債務重組,有很多方法從中選擇,包括個人自願協議(IVA),債務重組計劃(DRP)等。這些解決方案已有他們自己的應用程序的特徵和範圍,加上收費和成功率也會範圍從機構和特定條件。例如,IVA通常需要債務人提供詳細的財務報告並通過定期付款償還債務特定的時間段和Drp可以提供另一個靈活治療更好的認識當前債務人的當前經濟狀況。

    選擇時合適的債務人債務計劃,債務人必須考慮許多因素,例如專業精神與債務重組公司,服務質量及其收費標準。債務重組後的影響,喜歡影響信用等級,可以考慮因素那不能被忽略。許多債務人擔心債務重組可能有不好效果他們的能

  11. Gas safety certificates milton keynes
    The Importance of a Landlord Gas Safety Certificate

    Landlords are responsible for a variety of things including gas safety. Landlords are responsible for the safety of their tenants and their property by conducting annual gas safety inspections.

    <b

  12. central heating engineers milton keynes
    How to Find a Gas Safe Engineer in Milton Keynes

    Gas is an energy source that is often used to heat homes and cook. It is essential that any gas-related work is carried out by a qualified engineer. This will ensure the safety of the home and the occupants.

    It is against the law for anyone who is not gas engineers who are registered to carry o

  13. ratu 311
    salah satunya perihal yang membuat orang -orang mau bermain dalam perjudian slots ialah sebab memang permainan itu dapat memberi pemasukan besar serta janjikan. tetapi yang lalu menjadi pertanyaan yakni apa pemasukan yang dapat anda temukan dari permainan itu. sepanjang ini lebih banyak yang telah menunjukkan jika perjudian slots online memanglah dapat memberi keuntungan bejibun apabila kita kenal langkah bermain yang benar serta baik. terkecuali

  14. this content
    5 Cool Childrens Bunk Beds

    A bunk bed can transform a kids bedroom into a fun playroom. Additionally, it frees up floor space to make room for things like desks and shelves.

    If you’re looking to build a woodland hideaway or a heavenly cloud-themed room, there are plenty of fun children’s bunk be

  15. mercedes extra key
    Mercedes Key Replacement Options

    When it is time to Mercedes key replacement, there are a variety of alternatives. They can be bought at an auto locksmith, or Amazon.

    If you’re looking for a way to save money purchasing a key on Amazon may be a good option for you. However, it may take a while for it to arrive

  16. ratu311
    Beberapa betaruh sangatlah diminta buat mendaftarkan atau mungkin menjadi anggota di berapa komunitas judi online. Dengan jadi anggota di komunitas judi online, banyak info yang dapat didapat. Terhitung info berkenaan permainan – permainan yang memberi keuntungan . Sehingga, bakal ada beberapa keuntungan yang dapat diraih bila pengin mendaftarkan ke komunitas judi online.

    Ada sejumlah komunitas yang dapat dituju buat mendapat ber

  17. ch7 club
    Pace – Online poker is much more quickly than an active game. Online, there isn’t any shuffling, counting chips, etc, as application takes good this in the moment. Plus there are shorter limits to act when playing online. Prone to are an active player playing online for the first time, the pace is a welcome changes. If you are an online player however, playing live can lead to boredom, distraction, and generally loose play if y

  18. https://www.palmhenri.com/
    Baltimore is a city recognized for its rich background, lively culture, and varied building designs. Whether you reside in a historical row residence, a contemporary condo, or a suv home, developing an area that really feels distinctively yours needs an expert touch. This is where a skilled Baltimore indoor developer can make all the distinction.

    The

  19. adhd assessment private cost
    ADHD Diagnosis

    A diagnosis of ADHD can help people understand why they struggle to perform certain tasks and activities. It can also boost confidence in themselves and help them find effective treatment plans.

    The NHS in England offers an adult ADHD assessment for a

  20. adhd testing online
    ADHD Tests For Adults and Adolescents

    There is no single test to determine whether someone is suffering from ADHD. To diagnose ADHD, healthcare professionals have to look at how symptoms affect daily life and rule out any other physical and mental disorders that can cause similar problems.

    Specialists will also ask about your symptoms before 12. Ba

  21. mouse click the up coming website page
    Choosing Double Glazing Installers Near Me

    Double glazing is one of the most popular window options. It is made up of two glass panes that are separated by spacer bars and then filled with krypton gas or air to reduce the transfer of heat, draughts and noise.

    Anglian Home

  22. 債務舒緩費用
    債務重組是 一種手段 財務管理,這 被設計為 幫助企業或個人重新安排債務 所以他們 可以更好地償還。此過程涉及與債權人的談判 達到 一個獨特的 還款計劃, 經常 減少每月還款金額和 利率,或延長還款期。IVA(個人自願安排)是 一種 債務重組, 將是 主要是 理想的 個人。通過談判,債務人可以償還 一部分 債務內部 一個特殊的 時間段,,,, 和 尾 可以 豁免,從而減輕了個人財務負擔。

    選擇時 債務重組服務, 很多人 將要 看 困境 充電。債務重組服務充電標準 提供 不同的機構 可以 不同的, 就是這樣 極為重要 理解 指控 每個 機構,專業債務重組公司將收取相應的費用 與 內容和復雜性 與 服務。 drp是什麼 也將是 折磨 它的聲譽和成功的案例。所以, 做出決定之前,,,, 你能夠 引用 評估和建議 其他客戶。

    對於個人 或企業 誰需

  23. replacement auto key fob
    Key Fob Replacement For Car Batteries

    Key fobs allow you to lock and unlock your car doors without using the metal key. Some key fobs have buttons that trigger the trunk alarm or trunk and others allow you to start your vehicle.

    However, these handy devices could be in difficulti

  24. best site
    Buying Power Tools Online

    If you’re looking to purchase power tools online, you should choose an online retailer with a good reputation for quality and durability. Look at the products they sell and read reviews from customers to get an accurate description of each tool.

    The digital marketplace is a

  25. best oven
    What is an Oven With a Hob?

    The oven is where you cook or roast. of the cooker is where you can put the saucepans. It can be electric or gas. A range cooker is equipped with an oven, a hob and a grill.

    Induction cooktops have become popular because of their energy efficiency and speed. They’re also easy to clean.

  26. tải ch7
    However, you do have the approach to bet again in accessory for your original bet. It’s called the odds bet: meaning the casino (online or real) does not have their usual house advantage and it also hedges on true the chances. Many casinos and online casino sites offer lessons for Craps since it’s one of the more popular and exciting games played. There is usually ample money riding on Craps games and also the atmosphere towards the

  27. replacement auto key fob
    Fob Car Key Replacement

    A car key fob emits a low-frequency signal to unlock the doors or start the engine. Different brands use different frequencies of RF for greater security. Some car fobs fold side-view mirrors to prevent damage by laden shoppers or cars.

    If

  28. distressed leather couch
    Vegan Leather Sofa

    Vegan leather sofas come in a wide range of plant-based materials. They are more environmentally friendly than traditional animal hides, and are more durable.

    VivaTerra offers a brown leather sofa that is made of vegan leather. It also has cushioning made of durab

  29. adhd test online
    ADHD Testing – The First Step to Diagnosing ADHD

    A comprehensive ADHD assessment involves a clinical interview with the person being assessed, as well as one or more standardized questionnaires designed to evaluate the symptoms. Parents and teachers are often interviewed as well.

    Adults or children

  30. this article
    Upvc Door Locking Mechanism Replacement – DIY Or Call in a Professional?

    The lock on your door made of upvc is a vital piece of security for your home. If it is damaged or stops working, it can be very frustrating to get into your home.

    It is easy to replace a multipoint locking mechanism on an upvc door. You sho

  31. wood burner
    A Wood Burning Stove in Your Conservatory

    A wood-burning stove in your conservatory is a fantastic method of heating your room throughout the year. It’s more efficient than electric heaters and less expensive than underfloor heat.

    However there are some considerations to b

  32. casino mines
    Mines Game Online

    Mines online game is a thrilling game that offers players to personalize their gaming experience. You can play for real money or play in demo mode for free on the majority of platforms.

    It is crucial to take your time when playing this game. This will allow you to avoid losing money

  33. accountants cryptocurrency
    Are you going to be investing in some real estate? If the answer is yes, then you need to learn all that you can before you try to make any big purchases. If not, you may lose everything. To start on the right path with investing, continue reading the article below.

    Remember that real estate investing is all ab

  34. 清卡數貸款
    現在財務環境,貸款已經成長為部分很多人的日常生活這是借錢為緊急甚至是購買建築物,需求借貸繼續提升隨著時間的流逝借貸的興趣通常是可能最多有關借款人的問題,這樣將直接影響他們的還款能力。打算減輕財務壓力。借款平台提供許多選項,為此借款人可以比較不同的借款利率和條件,以便選擇最合適的解決方案。

    借貸時,很多人將要考慮一下破產的潛在後果。不僅可以影響個人信用記錄,但是也帶來長期的財務限制。理解後果破產可以幫助借款人更好地管理他們自己的財政並避免負債陷阱。借款人應清楚理解借錢的責任償還卡,確保每月還款可能不會影響日常支出。

    在香港,私人貸款提供商和金融公司正在變成貸款服務的重要機構。這些公司通常具有第一級和第二層的部門。第一級金融公司通常有更高的信譽和較低利率,而第二端財務公司可能會提供更靈活的條件。當選擇金融公司時,借款人應該考慮其聲譽和貸款條件預防麻煩將來。

  35. tải ch7
    For a time, sufferers have preferred playing in the real-world on-line casinos. It is very exciting to take a casino and feel the excitement in the game with many other players. Together with the technological up gradations, new games have come to exist over direct. Now people plays casino games and make loads dollars just by sitting at home. This has been beneficial to both the squad and the sport owners consi

  36. best private adhd assessment uk
    Private ADHD Diagnosis – Why You Should Choose a Private ADHD Clinic

    ADHD is a condition that is not well-known and untreated. This comes at a significant cost for individuals and society. This is largely due to the mindset of gatekeepers who manage referral pathways.

    You can ge

  37. adhd assessment private cost
    How to Get an ADHD Private Diagnosis

    A private ADHD diagnosis can have a profound impact on your attitude, behavior, and plans. But it’s not as easy as just booking an appointment.

    Doctors are not able to diagnose ADHD. They are able to refer you to a specialist to conduct an a

  38. Monthly Planners
    Staying organized is key to maintaining focus, and the best way to manage your tasks, appointments, and goals is through a weekly planner. These planners allow you to visualize your week in detail, ensuring that no important task gets lost in the shuffle. Whether you’re balancing work commitments, social events, or personal goals, weekly planners offer the structure needed to stay on track. From setting dai

  39. 免tu貸款app
    借用 是一種 財務行為, 還有幾個 人們 選擇 通過生活中的借錢來解決資金需求。當我們提到貸款時, 我們要去 自然 想想 問題 非常感興趣,,,, 就是 在 關鍵因素 每個 借款人 必須 注意貸款過程,計算 方法 興趣 還有 高 低利率 將直接 影響 數量 需要 還款。因此,貸款人選擇 財務機構 或貸款平台, 他們必須 仔細比較各種貸款利息 得到 最合適的 解決方案。

    一旦 需求 借用 增加了,許多金融公司和貸款平台 也有 復活 提供 各種各樣的 貸款服務 第一個 線 到 第二級金融公司,每家 具有自己的特色 專業領域和服務特徵, 為此 消費者 可以選擇 與 他們自己的 借貸時需要 貸款提供商 也將是 活躍在 市場 並提供 靈活的借貸 選項 個人 需要資

  40. mines gamble
    Casino Mines Review

    Casino Mines offers the chance to win big. It is simple to use and has low transaction costs. It is also an enjoyable and thrilling experience.

    To ensure you don’t lose more than you can afford set a limit and wi

  41. Repair My Windows And Doors
    When to Replace uPVC Door Locks

    If your upvc door lock isn’t locking or closing correctly, it may require replacement. Look for the name of the manufacturer on your lock’s faceplate to determine which model you have.

    Change the lock on a door made of upvc is an easy task for experienced lock

  42. mines game
    Mines Gamble

    The Mines gambling game is a great way to gamble with real money. The game has a high RTP however the player must be aware of the potential risks. The game is available in many crypto casinos and features a sleek design.

    The excitement of this casino game is in deciding to continue picking spaces or cash out. T

  43. adhd testing online
    Getting Tested For ADHD As an Adult

    Testing for ADHD as an adult requires more than simply taking an online self-test or rating scale. A qualified healthcare professional will assess the symptoms you are experiencing and check for conditions that could be a symptom of ADHD such as depression or anxiety.

    They will discuss

  44. drp
    債務重組 指的是 手段 調整和重組 債務 企業或個人。 重點 總是這樣 允許 債務人 削減 它的經濟負擔沒有破產。此過程通常涉及與債權人的談判 實現 更有利的還款條件, 例如例如 延長還款期,減少利息或減少一些本金。債務重組的費用通常 依靠 服務提供商 並將 各不相同 關於 具體情況。

    IVA(個人自願安排)是自願安排 一個人 幫助個人 世界衛生組織 落入 財務困境 修復 他們通過制定可行還款計劃的債務問題。IVA 通常是 由專業顧問制定 和要求 由債權人批准。 此過程 同樣 不同的 因為 專業水平和服務範圍 的 顧問。

    每當選擇時 債務重組或IVA服務提供商, 這很重要 考慮到 它是 成功率 和

  45. thor311
    menunjuk situs slots online yang paling beri keuntungan itu dapat dijalankan dengan lumayan gampang. melalui cara-cara yang benar-benar simple, penentuan dapat dikerjakan dengan tepat. maka jangan risau saat ingin untung dalam permainan slots online. berikut di bawah ini yaitu pandua memutuskan situs slots online yang paling memberi keuntungan.

    tentukan hasil dari referensi betaruh lain

    pilih situs slots online yang

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *