1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
I can tell you’re an expert in your field! I’m about to launch a website, and your information will be extremely helpful to me. Thank you for all of your assistance, and best wishes for your business’s success.
Electronic Toll Collection Market Trend
On this page, you’ll see my profile, please read this information. click here to read
สล็อต ในการเล่นสล็อตออนไลน์ เทรนที่กำลังมาในตอนนี้คือ สล็อตแตกง่าย PG ล่าสุด กับ MEGA GAME หลายคนอาจ จะเคยได้ยิน หรือรู้จักค่ายเกมพีจี กันมาบ้างแล้ว เพราะเมื่อปีที่ผ่านมาค่ายพีจีได้ทำให้ วงการเกมสล็อตออนไลน์ ได้สั่นสะเทือน สำหรับในปีนี้ก็ได้มี เว็บสล็อต PG แตกง่าย 2022 เพิ่มมากขึ้นอีก เป็นจำนวนมาก สำหรับค่ายพีจี ต้องยอมรับ ในเรื่อง
Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer!.. Bitcoin Machine Near Me
This is my first visit to your web journal! We are a group of volunteers and new activities in the same specialty. Website gave us helpful data to work. 토토사이트
As he prepared to invade in February, he tore up an unfulfilled 2015 Minsk peace deal and accused Nato of threatening “our historic future as a nation”, claiming without foundation that Nato countries wanted to bring war to Crimea. He has lately accused Nato of using Ukraine to wage a proxy war against Russia. 카지노커뮤니티
سیرا
I like your post. It is good to see you verbalize from the heart and clarity on this important subject can be easily observed… Business Loans
Wow, cool post. I’d like to write like this too – taking time and real hard work to make a great article… but I put things off too much and never seem to get started. Thanks though. seo agency services singapore
If it’s not too much trouble share more like that. Bitcoin Machine Near Me
Superbly written article, if only all bloggers offered the same content as you, the internet would be a far better place.. 에볼루션카지노
Thank you so much for such a well-written article. It’s full of insightful information. Your point of view is the best among many without fail.For certain, It is one of the best blogs in my opinion. Bitcoin
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. Big thanks for the useful info. Bitcoin ATM
So luck to come across your excellent blog. Your blog brings me a great deal of fun.. Good luck with the site. Bitcoin ATMs Near Me
If there is an earthquake in Korea, the safest place is the airport. However, the airport is not next to one’s house and you can’t always evacuate to the airport in the event of an earthquake. When houses collapse and lose their place to live, they usually go to a nearby shelter, the subway station.시흥동출장안마
The first subway on the Korean Peninsula to use the Korean language was the Pyongyang Subway of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
샛강출장마사지
Great articles and great layout. Your blog post deserves all of the positive feedback it’s been getting. pragmatic slot
Hello I am so delighted I located your blog, I really located you by mistake, while I was watching on google for something else, Anyways I am here now and could just like to say thank for a tremendous post and a all round entertaining website. Please do keep up the great work. how to lose leg fat
Thank you for helping people get the information they need. Great stuff as usual. Keep up the great work!!! nerve pain relief
Didn’t the station collapse because of the earthquake or aftershocks? Or won’t it collapse after the earthquake? You may be worried that According to the amendment to the Enforcement Decree of the Building Act in 2015, all subway lines designed after 2015 have been required to be earthquake-resistant.노원출장마사지
Pusat Konveksi Solo
Solo Clothing adalah Jasa Konveksi Solo Terpercaya yang mengerjakan Jaket, Jasket/Semi Jas, Baju Korsa PDL PDH, Jas Almamater/ Blazer, Polo Shirt, T-shirt, Seragam Kantor Instansi, Olahragam Komunitas, Jaket Parka, Hoodie, Bomber, dll.
There are numerous dissertation online sites on the internet are living grab unsurprisingly identified inside the sites. BTC Near Me
The white-label cryptocurrency exchange script comes along with many advantages such as advanced encryption standards, robustness, manageability, etc. Therefore, with the help of scalable solutions, you will receive a cost-effective product, which helps you to launch your own cryptocurrency exchange platform. Simply put, it is the best solution for enterprises, traders, or even everyone who looking for the simplest and quick way to launch exchange website with their own trading platform and get focused on marketing instead.
cryptocurrency exchange script
Welcome to the party of my life here you will learn everything about me. BTC Near Me
According to the amendment to the Enforcement Decree of the Building Act in 2015, all subway lines designed after 2015 have been required to be earthquake-resistant.노원구출장안마
If you are going for best contents like I do, simply go to see this website all the time as it provides feature contents, thanks
kissanime
I admire this article for the well-researched content and excellent wording. I got so involved in this material that I couldn’t stop reading. I am impressed with your work and skill. Thank you so much. alarm monitoring
Your work is truly appreciated round the clock and the globe. It is incredibly a comprehensive and helpful blog. 토토사이트
I have read all the comments and suggestions posted by the visitors for this article are very fine,We will wait for your next article so only.Thanks! https://www.knifeandcarry.com
I was surfing net and fortunately came across this site and found very interesting stuff here. Its really fun to read. I enjoyed a lot. Thanks for sharing this wonderful information. neuropure for diabetic neuropathy
เล่นง่ายจ่ายจริง https://pd99dragon.com/
https://www.texasnemo.com/
This is very interesting content! I have thoroughly enjoyed reading your points and have come to the conclusion that you are right about many of them. You are great. Alberta FAKE Operator’s Licence
It is somewhat fantastic, and yet check out the advice at this treat. 토토커뮤니티
I use basically superior fabrics : you will discover these products by: 토토커뮤니티
I use only high quality materials – you can see them at: 토토커뮤니티
I’ve proper selected to build a blog, which I hold been deficient to do for a during. Acknowledges for this inform, it’s really serviceable! customer care number
Only strive to mention one’s content can be as incredible. This clarity with your post is superb! Thanks a lot, hundreds of along with you should go on the pleasurable get the job done. occhiali da vista donna moschino
We must be more passionate about everything espeCially when it comes in our nature and environment check this out also >>
프로토경기결과
I was looking it for so long , and i found it finally that i know it will help me .
카지노사이트링크
Attractive portion of content. I simply stumbled upon your web site and in accession capital to assert that I get actually enjoyed account your weblog. 카지노사이트원
It’s really a great and useful piece of information. I am glad that you shared this useful information with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing. 카지노사이트777
Nice post. I learn something totally new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon everyday. It’s always useful to read through content from other authors and use something from other sites. 카지노사이트
Hi there, You have done an excellent job. I will certainly digg it and personally suggest to my friends.
카지노사이트가이드
This type of article that enlighted me all throughout and thanks for this.This going to be excitement and have fun to read. thank to it. check this out to for further exciting.
바카라사이트
poker88
Poker88 merupakan agen judi poker, idn slot online indonesia terpercaya dengan
uang asli, situs poker88 asia judi online sejak tahun 2008 populer
hingga sekarang.
🎉เล่นง่าย – แตกโหด🎉
👑แอดมินบริการตลอด 24 ชม.👑
คลิ๊ก >>> https://www.texasnemo.com/
Thanks for the information provided! Maintain the good performance of your site. You can also check my site abc powder
Thank you for some other informative website. The place else may just I get that kind of information written in such a perfect method? I have a venture that I am simply now running on, and I’ve been at the glance out for such info.
https://www.sportstoto365.com
Great blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere?
A theme like yours with a few simple tweeks would really make my blog jump out.
토토사이트