1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
kitchen furnitures need to be well maintained that is why we always coat them with clear coat varnishes to protect them from the elements* spotify smm panel
oh well, eddie murphy is one of the best comedians that i have seen, his jokes are topnotch and super the best” instagram panel
Good website! I truly love how it is easy on my eyes it is. I am wondering how I might be notified whenever a new post has been made. I have subscribed to your RSS which may do the trick? Have a great day! อนิเมะ พากย์ไทย
Nice blog, thanks star777
Yes i am totally agreed with this article and i just want say that this article is very nice and very informative article.I will make sure to be reading your blog more. You made a good point but I can’t help but wonder, what about the other side? !!!!!!Thanks web design malta
This is a smart blog. I mean it. You have so much knowledge about this issue, and so much passion. viagra 150mg
Music started playing any time I opened this web page, so frustrating! industrial folding door
Snap shots entirely on your web blog although building desire immediately a pinch of amount of money submits. Fully satisfying way of permanent long run, Soon we will be book-marking in the period develop into a person’s work surface accomplish takes place inches right up inches. power backup for internet router
Initial You got an awesome blog. I determination be involved in plus uniform minutes. I view you got truly very functional matters, I determination be always checking your blog blesss. buy cialis 40mg
I know this is one of the most meaningful information for me. And I’m animated reading your article. But should remark on some general things, the website style is perfect; the articles are great. Thanks for the ton of tangible and attainable help. como funciona o cartao de todo
I would suggest merely successful along with sincere fact, and thus understand the: ways to make money online
Thank you so much as you have been willing to share information with us. We will forever admire all you have done here because you have made my work as easy as ABC Alibaba com Pakistan Islamabad
I should assert barely that its astounding! The blog is informational also always fabricate amazing entitys. “
weight loss is sometimes difficult to attain, it all depends on your motivation and genetics,, MEGA GAME
Definitely believe that which you said. Your favourite reason seemed to be on the internet the simplest factor to consider of. I say to you, I definitely get irked at the same time as other people think about issues that they just don’t recognise about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top well defined out the entire thing without having side effect , other folks could take a signal. Will probably be again to get more. Thank you! Mini UPS for routers and modems
It is perfect time to make some plans for the longer term and it’s time to be happy.
파워볼분석
Cool you inscribe, the info is really salubrious further fascinating, I’ll give you a connect to my scene.
토토사이트
Electrical power dissertation web-sites on-line when you likewise be given clearly advertised with your web page. แทงหวยออนไลน์
Nice to be visiting your blog again, it has been months for me. Well this article that i’ve been waited for so long. I need this article to complete my assignment in the college, and it has same topic with your article. Thanks, great share. https://www.hometeamstorage.com/company-pages/5×10-storage-unit/
The best article I came across several years, write something about it on this page. generic cialis
An additional issue is video games can be serious anyway with the most important focus on mastering rather than entertainment. Although, there is an entertainment factor to keep your children engaged, just about every game is normally designed to develop a specific expertise or area, such as instructional math or scientific research. Thanks for your write-up. spotify smm panel
This design is steller! You definitely know how to keep a reader entertained. Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Fantastic job. I really enjoyed what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it. Too cool! situs judi slot online
Hi this is a wonderful article. I’m going to mail this to my pals. I came on this while browsing on aol I’ll be sure to come back. thanks for sharing. instagram panel
I found your this post while searching for some related information on blog search…Its a good post..keep posting and update the information. https://www.asralertsystems.com/alyssas-law-texas
You completed certain reliable points there. I did a search on the subject and found nearly all persons will agree with your blog. pareo na plaze
Just admiring your work and wondering how you managed this blog so well. It’s so remarkable that I can’t afford to not go through this valuable information whenever I surf the internet! Construction Company in USA
Wonderful paintings! That is the kind of info that should be shared across the net. Shame on the seek for not positioning this put up higher! Come on over and seek advice from my site . Thanks =) cnn live stream
What a really awesome post this is. Truly, one of the best posts I’ve ever witnessed to see in my whole life. Wow, just keep it up. krotkie tuniki
When I initially commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get several e-mails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service? Cheers! ข่าวแมนยููล่าสุด
Hey There. I found your blog using msn. This is an extremely well written article. I’ll be sure to bookmark it and return to read more of your useful info. Thanks for the post. I’ll definitely comeback. เว็บไซต์แมนยู
I am really inspired with your writing talent well with the layout to your weblog. Is this a paid topic or did you modify it your self? Anyway stay up the excellent high quality writing, it’s rare to peer a great blog like this one nowadays. ข่าวผีแดง
i always look for laptop reviews on the internet before buying a new one,,, MF phone repair
betflixถ้าถามว่า ในเหล่าเกม ออนไลน์ทั้งหมด ที่ให้บริการในเว็บ betflix พนันออนไลน์ เกมไหนที่ ใช้ทุนเล่นน้อย ที่สุด แต่สามารถหาโอกาส นักปั่นสล็อต ทุนน้อย สร้างกำไร จากการเล่นได้ มากกว่าเกมอื่น ๆ ที่ใช้ทุกใน หลักเดียวกัน ต้องบอกว่าเกมนั้นคือเกม สล็อตออนไลน์ เท่านั้น เพราะในเกมนี้ ถูกตั้งยอด วงเงินเดิมพัน หรือยอดเดิมพัน เอาไว้ต่ำสุดแค่ 1 บาท เลยทำให้ผู้เล่น มีทุนหลักสิบ ก็เล่นได้สบาย
This is extremely fascinating substance! I have completely delighted in perusing your focuses and have reached the conclusion that you are right about a hefty portion of them. You are extraordinary. من اخر القضاءحتى رمضان التالي
This is very educational content and written well for a change. It’s nice to see that some people still understand how to write a quality post! รวมเว็บ betflix
Promptly your blog might it goes without saying typically possibly be visible related to each one of blog site people today, mainly because aware studies and as well lab tests. generic viagra
Everyone loves many of the discussions, I actually experienced, I’d prefer additional information in regards to this, for the reason that it is awesome., With thanks to get spreading. viagra australia
Superior blog! I truly love how it is simple on my eyes and the information are well written. I’m wondering how I could be notified whenever a new post has become made. I have subscribed to your RSS which must do the trick! Have an excellent day! 토토커뮤니티
I am very enjoyed for this blog. Its an informative topic. It help me very much to solve some problems. Its opportunity are so fantastic and working style so speedy. Buy lost ark gold
I am impressed with this site, real I am a big fan. vclubshop ru
I was surfing net and fortunately came across this site and found very interesting stuff here. Its really fun to read. I enjoyed a lot. Thanks for sharing this wonderful information. Buy lost ark gold
Have you ever thought about creating an ebook or guest authoring on other sites? I have a blog centered on the same ideas you discuss and would really like to have you share some stories/information. I know my viewers would value your work. If you’re even remotely interested, feel free to send me an e-mail. Vclub
I was surfing net and fortunately came across this site and found very interesting stuff here. Its really fun to read. I enjoyed a lot. Thanks for sharing this wonderful information. fivem vehicles
I am very enjoyed for this blog. Its an informative topic. It help me very much to solve some problems. Its opportunity are so fantastic and working style so speedy. fivem
Nice to be visiting your blog again, it has been months for me. Well this article that i’ve been waited for so long. I need this article to complete my assignment in the college, and it has same topic with your article. Thanks, great share. why is seo important
I am very enjoyed for this blog. Its an informative topic. It help me very much to solve some problems. Its opportunity are so fantastic and working style so speedy. Home builder in USA
I was surfing net and fortunately came across this site and found very interesting stuff here. Its really fun to read. I enjoyed a lot. Thanks for sharing this wonderful information. Construction Company in USA
Hey, this day is too much good for me, since this time I am reading this enormous informative article here at my home. Thanks a lot for massive hard work. betflik net
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting? I’m pleased I discovered it though, ill be checking back soon to find out what additional posts you include. apple keto gummies australia
No doubt this is an excellent post I got a lot of knowledge after reading good luck. Theme of blog is excellent there is almost everything to read, Brilliant post. افضل شماغ احمر رجالي