1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Thanks so much for this information. I have to let you know I concur on several of the points you make here and others may require some further review, but I can see your viewpoint bitmain antminer L7
Great Article loved the detail… Sydney escorts
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. Big thanks for the useful info. ECOMMERCE AGENCY MANCHESTER
I recommend only good and reliable information, so see it: Bus Trip
the content is very beautiful
Like this site hentai
visit this place, its for you
I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting
my own weblog and was curious what all is needed to get setup?
I’m assuming having a blog like yours would JUAL Boiler/THERMAL OIL HEATER STORAGE TANK MINYAK CPO
cost a pretty penny? I’m not very web savvy so I’m not 100% positive.
Any recommendations or advice would be greatly appreciated.
Hyderabad Escorts service
IPLAYESHA Genuine Hyderabad escorts agency offer hot and sexy independent call girls, Russian escorts, Punjabi girls, college girls for sex enjoyment in hotels.
Thanks for the information provided! Maintain the good performance of your site. You can also check my site high quality kaolin
I’ve been using WordPress on a number of websites for about a year and am worried about switching to another platform Crypto miner rigs. I have heard good things about ty le keo. Is there a way I can transfer all my wordpress content into it? Any help would be really appreciated!
I am impressed. I don’t think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. You are truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog you have got here. uinteract login
I really like your take on the issue. I now have a clear idea on what this matter is all about.구로출장안마
Very nice article and straight to the point. I don’t know if this is truly the best place to ask but do you folks have any ideea where to get some professional writers? Thank you. 바둑이사이트넷
Hi! this is often nice article you shared with great information. Thanks for giving such an exquisite informative information. 바카라사이트
casinositehot.com
It’s truly a nice and helpful piece of information. I’m happy that you simply shared this helpful information with us. 카지노사이트탑
I am extremely impressed with your writing skills as well as with the layout on your weblog x anime porn
Yes i am totally agreed with this article and i just want say that this article is very nice and very informative article.I will make sure to be reading your blog more. You made a good point but I can’t help but wonder, what about the other side? !!!!!!Thanks North American Bancard Agent Program
You have done a great job. I will definitely dig it and personally recommend to my friends. I am confident they will be benefited from this site. Best Trance Channel
https://www.ddpch.com/shipping-quote/
Are you looking for the cheapest shipping price? What exactly are you
shipping? What size is it? How much weight does it have? All of these
factors have an impact on your freight costs. Shipping costs are
calculated based on the distance and weight of your package. With Air,
Sea, DDP, Rail, and Road freight service from China, we can help you
send small, large, express, and less urgent shipments to over 180
countries and territories. Please provide details about your shipment so
that we can estimate the shipping cost.
حمل بار هوایی
ترخیص کالا از گمرک به کلیه فرایندها و تشریفاتی گفته میشود که منجر به
آزادسازی کالای وارداتی و یا صادراتی از گمرک میشود. ترخیص کالا از گمرک
فرایندی پیچیده میباشد که توسط افراد واجد صلاحیت که حق العملکار رسمی گمرک
شناخته میشوند انجام میگیرد.
Great job for publishing such a beneficial web site. Your web log isn’t only useful but it is additionally really creative too. 303 British ammo
Absolutely fantastic posting! Lots of useful information and inspiration, both of which we all need!Relay appreciate your work. dominoqq online pakai dana 5000
i am for the primary time here. I came across this board and I to find It truly useful & it helped me out a lot. I’m hoping to provide something back and help others such as you aided me.토토사이트
Superior post, keep up with this exceptional work. It’s nice to know that this topic is being also covered on this web site so cheers for taking the time to discuss this! Thanks again and again!안전토토사이트
It’s impressive. I’ve been looking around for information, and I’ve found your article. It was a great help to me. I think my writing will also help me. Please visit my blog as well. 토토사이트
Hi ! I specialize in writing on these topics. My blog also has these types of articles and forums. Please visit once. 메이저놀이터
^^
카지노검증
I’ve been looking for photos and articles on this topic over the past few days due to a school assignment, 파워볼사이트 and I’m really happy to find a post with the material I was looking for! I bookmark and will come often! Thanks 😀
ahib
Great to become visiting your weblog once more, it has been a very long time for me. Pleasantly this article i’ve been sat tight for such a long time. I will require this post to add up to my task in the school, and it has identical subject along with your review. Much appreciated, great offer.https://360digitmg.com/course/data-analytics-using-python-r
Thank you for every one of your work on this blog. My mother enjoys going through investigation and it’s really easy to see why. My partner and i learn all about the powerful way you offer informative solutions via this website and invigorate participation from other ones on this subject matter then our child is actually studying a great deal. Have fun with the rest of the year. You’re the one conducting a fantastic job. เว็บข่าวกีฬา
Yet another interesting comment, thanks a lot. I’ve made a point of reading some other stuff you made and I you’ve got some nice content. Cudos. เว็บข่าวกีฬา
Iím not that much of a internet reader to be honest but your sites really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your website to come back later. All the best เว็บข่าวกีฬา
there are many different book genres online but i would really love to read about self help books,. ข่าวกีฬาออนไลน์
Well, I am so excited that I have found your post because I have been searching for some info on this for almost three hours! You’ve helped me a lot indeed and by reading this story I have found many new and useful info about this subject! 시원한술삽니다
It is a very good article. Thank you so much for sharing.
I love this article, it is a very good article thank you so much for sharing this article.
I am looking for this type of article for the last few days, now I got it, thank you so much for sharing this regard.
https://spacebarcounter.org
you have a wonderful blog here! do you want to make some invite posts in this little weblog? Latest News
That is certainly on top of that a superb send i always basically liked mastering. It may not be everyday that any of us store the chance to determine the one thing. เว็บข่าวกีฬา
You have a real ability for writing unique content. I like how you think and the way you represent your views in this article. I agree with your way of thinking. Thank you for sharing. ข่าวกีฬา
I would like the information posts, Help make appreciated, I might favor far more details applying this, considering it is very desirable., Bless an individual made for creating. ข่าวฟุตบอลต่างประเทศ
I’ve proper selected to build a blog, which I hold been deficient to do for a during. Acknowledges for this information, it’s serviceable! Business Funding
Very interesting blog. Alot of blogs I see these days don’t really provide anything that I’m interested in, but I’m most definately interested in this one. Just thought that I would post and let you know. Thanks for sharing this amazing and interesting content. You have shared something which I never have seen anywhere. I learn too much from your content. Keep sharing like that I loved it. Again thanks a lot. Very awesome!!! When I seek for this I found this website at the top of all blogs in search engine. Thanks for sharing such a nice thinking, post is good, thats why i have read it completely 먹튀폴리스
I read this article. I think You put a lot of effort to create this article. I appreciate your work. Alternative Funding
Wonderful blog! I discovered it while searching on Google.
Marine GPS Navigator Market Size
I read a lot of stuff and found that the way of writing to clarify exactly what you want to say was very good, so I am impressed and hope to return in the future.
Marine GPS Navigator Market Opportunities
Thanks plenty for maintaining first-rate stuff. I’m very plenty grateful for this site. I have been looking to find a comfort or effective process to complete this process and that i think this is the most appropriate manner to do it successfully. I suppose i’ve in no way visible such blogs ever before that has entire matters with all details which i need. So kindly replace this ever for us. Such an terrific and useful publish this is. I clearly simply love it. It’s so precise and so exceptional. I am simply amazed. I’m hoping that you maintain to do your work like this in the future additionally. Wow, happy to look this notable post. I hope this assume help any beginner for his or her top notch work. By using the way thanks for share this awesomeness . It’s miles best time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be glad. I’ve study this put up and if i could i desire to suggest you a few exciting matters or hints. 안전놀이터추천
You apprehend alongside these lines appreciably with reference to this subject, created me as far as it matters for me envision it from such endless one-of-a-kind factors. Its like people aren’t covered except if it is one element to do with woman loopy! Your character stuffs notable. Continuously manage it up! You are very tons liked than you will be at this moment. at the factor after i at the start remarked i seem to have tapped on the – notify me while new feedback are added-checkbox and now whenever a remark is delivered i get four messages with a comparable observation. There ought to be a easy approach you can cast off me from that help? A good deal appreciated! 토토사이트추천
If your friend does not answer, you can leave a video message. You can Pay Per Click or the Pay Per Impression. 토토사이트
Admiring the time and effort you put into your website and in depth information you present. It’s good to come across a blog every once in a while that isn’t the same old rehashed information. Wonderful read! I’ve bookmarked your site and I’m adding your RSS feeds to my Google account. 파워볼분석법
it is always a good idea to go green because we always want to help the environment.. botox wholesale suppliers