1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Great article. I love your writing style. It’s inspirational and I truly appreciate it. Visit my website. Delhi Satta King
Paris-Photography提供人像攝影服務，為您製造一輯屬於妳的「個人寫真」紀念冊。本人全職從事攝影的工作都超過7年。七年間拍攝的人像照無數。攝影師擅於捕捉唯美、自然、温柔和乾淨的人性畫面，以及那感動人心的情感聯繫。 透過鏡頭留下影象，影象是有溫度的記憶，記憶讓你在生活中的萬千事件裡找回當初的感覺。
人像攝影
I want to start a blog but would like to own the domain. Any ideas how to go about this?. вейп цена
Normally I don’t learn post on blogs, however I would like to say that this write-up very forced me to take a look at and do so! Your writing style has been surprised me. Thank you, quite great article. vape bg
I work for a company that is wanting to e-mail some of our media contacts from our Press Release blog posts. The main problem I am running into is finding a service that doesn’t require opt-in. Does anybody have any suggestions?. el shisha
I am really inspired with your writing talent well with the layout to your weblog. Is this a paid topic or did you modify it your self? Anyway stay up the excellent high quality writing, it’s rare to peer a great blog like this one nowadays. el shisha
Buy Moonrocks Online Marijuana are made with nugget of weeds Online weed store, and by dropping it in concentrate,or hash oil.They are generally made with Girl Scout cookies concentrate and flower.The covered nugget is then rolled in Kie( Moon rocks contain a top THC level that exceeds 50 percent. Moon rocks can be smoked like any other drug, by breaking it up into a bowl, joint, pipe,or vape. Moon rock strain is perfect for treating appetite loss, insomnia, muscle spasms, chronic pain and cramps issues. #Buy glaze disposables online . More Information. ;
Buy Moonrocks Online Marijuana are made with nugget of weeds Online weed store, and by dropping it in concentrate,or hash oil.They are generally made with Girl Scout cookies concentrate and flower.The covered nugget is then rolled in Kie( Moon rocks contain a top THC level that exceeds 50 percent. Moon rocks can be smoked like any other drug, by breaking it up into a bowl, joint, pipe,or vape. Moon rock strain is perfect for treating appetite loss, insomnia, muscle spasms, chronic pain and cramps issues. #Buy glaze disposables online . More Information. ;
This is a good post. This post gives truly quality information. I’m definitely going to look into it. Really very useful tips are provided here. Thank you so much. Keep up the good works. Buy Google Voice Number
Thanks for this great post, I find it very interesting and very well thought out and put together. I look forward to reading your work in the future. laseren den haag
Your work is very good and I appreciate you and hopping for some more informative posts become a merchant service provider
Can nicely write on similar topics! Welcome to here you’ll find out how it should look. I have a similar interest this is my page read everything carefully and let me know what you think.
Interestingly you write, I will address you’ll find exciting and interesting things on similar topics.
Cool you inscribe, the info is really salubrious further fascinating, I’ll give you a connect to my scene.
Off page SEO Ralevant Backlinks
Nice Information Thanks For Sharing. Pinoy Teleserye
Thanks for an interesting blog. What else may I get that sort of info written in such a perfect approach? I have an undertaking that I am just now operating on, and I have been on the lookout for such info. ETA за Нова Зеландия
I was just lookuping for this information to get a while. Approximately two hrs of online lookuping, thankfully I obtained it in your website. I do not understand why Bing don’t exhibit this form of resourceful internet sites in the first web page. Generally the leading websites are craps. Perhaps it is time to alter to another research engine. INDIA VISA APPLICATION
well is say just Whenever you arrived at our site, the first you should know is you can buy the highest quality and most expensive ipad case, additionally your favorite apple ipad cases as well as ipad add-ons. You will find hundreds types of ipad situation new zealand visa online
Then after a really long time, a decade perhaps, you can become a captain. Онлайн заявление за виза за Турция
Usually the New york Weight Loss diet is certainly less expensive and flexible staying on your diet scheme intended for measures however fast then duty keep a nutritious daily life. weight loss VISUMVEREISTEN VS
I’ve just been talking to Sean Gallagher about his upcoming Instant Income Cash Machine course, and he’s been kind enough to fill me in on a few details regarding his upcoming course. यूएस वीज़ा आवश्यकताएँ
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. Big thanks for the useful info. einkaufen
บุหรี่ไฟฟ้า พอต มากมายหลายรุ่น podไฟฟ้าตัวเล็ก หากยังตัดสินใจไม่ถูกไม่รู้จะเลือกซื้อขาย pod system ตัวไหนดี expertecig เรา ขายบุหรี่ไฟฟ้าราคาถูกฟรี มากมายหลากหลายรุ่น podไฟฟ้า ชุดพร้อมสูบ ที่คุ้มค่ามาแรง พอตไฟฟ้า ยอดฮิต และกำลังได้รับความนิยมที่สุดในปี2021 ทั้ง บุหรี่ไฟฟ้า smok voopoo ไปดูกันเลยว่า พอตไฟฟ้า มีการพัฒนาไปเยอะมาก แต่บุหรี่ไฟฟ้าพอตรุ่นที่นิยมก็จะเป็น uwell caliburn G บุหรี่ไฟฟ้า smok rpm40 rpm2 voopoo Drags relx infinity และ พอตใช้แล้วทิ้ง https://expertecig.com/
Thanks for sharing! I din’t knew all of them but i liked some changes such as option for different views ankara estetik cerrah
According to a report from Inside Asian Gaming citing official information from the local Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau regulator, the figure for the 31-day period also represented a decline of 20.3% when compared with December’s finish. https://yannca-01.com
온라인카지노사이트 Nice and very unique post…help for me…. Thank you very much…
This is very attention-grabbing, You’re an overly skilled blogger. 바카라사이트
I have joined your feed and sit up for in search of extra of your excellent post.
Also, I have shared your site in my social networks
토토 Hi colleagues, nice piece of writing and pleasant arguments commented
here, I am truly enjoying by these.
The ability to work from anywhere with an internet connection provides me with greater flexibility while traveling, whether it be to visit family, travel to watch my favorite sports on TV. I’m looking for this kind of flexibilty. 토토사이트
In order to make the view of the world around us appear more stable, the brain constantly shifts our visual input back in time.
The new study revealed the brain mechanism, which stabilizes the world we see. Instead of analyzing a single image, it turns out that at the current moment we perceive what we saw during the last 15 seconds. Thus, we do not notice insignificant changes that take place.
Such a time machine in our heads. link: https://ostannipodii.com/ru/a/202201/mozg-derzhit-nas-na-15-sekund-v-proshlom-chtoby-pomoch-nam-videt-stabilnyy-mir-g-110023897/
Play 24 hours game
https://jokergaming-z.com/category/service/
Paris-Photography提供大日子攝影服務，婚禮是人生大日子（big day），新人當然想完美紀錄低美好回憶片段，想搵專業婚禮攝影師或者查詢婚禮攝影價錢。籌備結婚嘅時候，好多師姐會話，Big Day＋Pre-Wedding嘅攝影師真係好重要，一生人入面，結婚大日子只有一次，因此我們提供的服務涵蓋婚紗、男仕禮服、晚裝、化妝及頭髮造型、攝錄影及早拍晚播服務。
大日子攝影
I simply wanted to thank you a lot more for your amazing website you have developed here. It can be full of useful tips for those who are actually interested in this specific subject, primarily this very post. Your all so sweet in addition to thoughtful of others and reading the blog posts is a great delight in my opinion. And thats a generous present! Dan and I usually have enjoyment making use of your recommendations in what we need to do in the near future. Our checklist is a distance long and tips will certainly be put to excellent use. ยูฟ่าเบท
Raih profit dengan bermain game bola online di situs judi bola terbaik resmi 389Sports. Biasanya para bettor di Indonesia mencari kesenangan denagn bermain taruhan bola di situs judi bola paling favorit dimana bisa menghasilkan keuntungan serta kesenangan. Hanya beberapa menit saja kalian bermain di situs judi bola online bisa mndapatkan keuntungan berkali-kali lipat cumaha hanya ada di 389Sports. Daftar sekarang secara gratis di situs judi bola terpercaya di Indonesia.
Data Keluaran Macau Lengkap – Pengeluaran Toto Macau Pools. Apakah kalian sedang mencari website yang menyediakan perihal Data Toto Macau, Data Macau Master, ini yang menjadi kendala para pecinta Toto Macau 4D ialah susah sekali ditemukan situs yang memuat Live Data Macau Hari Ini Terlengkap. Keluaran Toto Macau
Install latest software and drivers of canon printer and plug in the USB cable to computer and printer. It’ll automatically be connected; however, you’ve to follow on-screen guidelines. https://ij.start.cannon
Paris-Photography提供big day攝影，本地婚禮攝影套餐(Big Day 攝影) 服務包括婚禮攝影師與攝錄師人工、相片編修（執相）、影片後期製作，部分還會提供成長片段製作、早拍晚播、網上相符製作。專業攝影師及攝錄師熟悉流程，耐心指導並紀實拍攝接新娘、出門、回男家、婚姻註冊、外景婚紗攝影。
big day攝影
Are you looking for shot Blasting machine for your industry,
We are the leading manfacturer and provider of shot blasting machineShot Blasting Machine , Sand Blasting Machine, Abrasive materials equipments related to Airo shot blasting industry like SPray gun , Thermal SPray gun etc
Visit our website for more information
Thanks
Paris-Photography提產品攝影服務為各大品牌產品拍攝，提供產品攝影及相片後期精修服務，為您的企業24小時推廣產品或服務。產品攝影的項目包括手錶、珠寶、紅酒、行李箱、食品及菜譜拍攝，拍出具備雜誌質感的產品照，增加客戶的購買意慾。包括一般商品攝影、珠寶攝影(Jewelry)、鐘錶攝影(Watch)服務，附設Studio及專業影樓柔光燈，客戶可安排速遞送產品到本公司Studio，或自攜產品到我們的影樓並由我們負責拍攝。
產品攝影服務
Thank you for taking the time to discuss this; I have strong feelings about it and would like to learn more about it. Would you mind updating your blog with additional information as you gain experience? It is extremely beneficial to me.
Global Needle Free Drug Delivery Market Size
Thank you for the update; this is a very nice website.
Global Needle Free Drug Delivery Market Opportunities
Thank you! I really enjoyed your post I want to share with you all a useful source Hello! I’m Tom, a travel blogger I’ve been sharing travel, blogging, and lifestyle advice. Are you looking for the best bachelor party destinations then a tour to review is to help you to the best place according to your taste with great deals? Not only this we also provide a full guide on how to reach when to go and many more.
This is helpful, nonetheless it can be crucial so that you can check out the following website: 메이저사이트
I understand this column. I realize You put a many of struggle to found this story. I admire your process. 토토사이트
Hello team i found your blog it is really very inspiring blog for me. This blog is really very amazing. Thanks for sharing with us such an informational content. Powertrac euro 47
elected government VIP123
This is often likewise a superb subject material i actually fairly seriously favored reviewing. It isn’t really everyday we hold possibilities to clear up a dilemma. ufa800.info
918kiss online gambling application that collects many fun online gambling games.918kiss
The Sand Blasting machine
The Shot Blasting Machine uses a method call propelling abrasive media with the help of a radial wheel to remove the damage or contaminants from the surface of metal and steel.
Having said that you can find going it is necessary, it again once more promise a site your solid big web-site: Picuki
Are you looking for Sand Blasting machine
for your industry,
We are the leading manfacturer and provider of Shot Blasting Machine , Sand Blasting Machine, Abrasive materials equipments related to Airo shot blasting industry like SPray gun , Thermal SPray gun etc
Visit our website for more information
Thanks
Situs Link Alternatif Sbobet Anti Blokir Terbaru 2022
Dapat dikatakan link alternatif sbobet ini sangat berguna sekali pada saat proses pendaftaran dimana itu akan sangat memudahkan kalian pada mengakses situs sbobet utama. Di link alternatif sbobet ini sudah dilengkapi dengan berbagai fitur tercanggih yang dapat kalian nikmati.
Hadirnya link alternatif sbobet di agen judi bola online terpercaya 389Sports kalian bisa dengan mudah memauli sebuah taruhan bola online. Mudah sekali apabila ingin mengetahui link alternatif sbobet terbaru bisa langsung kunjungi CS 389Sports secara langsung. Dengan begitu kalian akan di beritahu mengenai link alternatif sbobet yang dapat dipergunakan untuk proses pendafaran.