1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Hamburg chickens for sale whatsapp +27631521991
The Hamburg (also spelt Hamburgh) is a chicken native to Germany and is one of the most attractive chicken breeds around. Eggs: They will lay around 200 eggs per year.
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Chickens Table Eggs for sale whatsapp +27631521991
Packing: Our eggs come in cartons or boxes, there are 12 Trays of eggs in a carton and each tray contain 30 eggs. Making a total of 360 eggs in a carton or box.
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Fertile Chicken Eggs for sale whatsapp +27631521991
Quality:Class A
-Medium Size,50g – 55g
-Large Size,55g – 60g
-X-Large Size
-Jumbo Size
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Leghorn chickens for sale whatsapp +27631521991
Any child who grew up in the 50s or 60s will know what a Leghorn looks like from the popular TV show Foghorn Leghorn. Leghorns were brought to the States from Italy back in the 1800s and have made the perfect backyard chicken ever since. Eggs: They should lay around 250 eggs per year.
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Plymouth Rock chickens for sale whatsapp +27631521991
The Plymouth Rock (Barred Rock) is an ideal pick for a first time chicken keeper who is looking for a hen that lays eggs roughly once every two days.Eggs: A healthy Plymouth Rock should lay around 200 eggs a year .
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Sussex chicken for sale whatsapp +27631521991
Like the Rhode Island Red, the Sussex is a ‘dual purpose’ hen which means they can be raised for either eggs or meat. Eggs: A Sussex is easily capable of laying 250 eggs a year.
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Barnevelder chicken for sale whatsapp +27631521991
The Barnevelder is a cross between the Dutch Landrace and Asian jungle fowl. It is native to Holland and is known for its glossy feathers. Eggs: It is capable of laying around 200 eggs per year.
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Ostrich Fertile Eggs for sale whatsapp +27631521991
Once the ostriches have laid their eggs, they need to ensure that the eggs are evenly heated, so they put their heads into the hole to carefully turn the eggs.
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Ostrich for sale whatsapp +27631521991
The ostrich or common ostrich is either one or two species of large flightless birds native to Africa, the only living member of the genus Struthio, which is in the ratite family.
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Marans chicken for sale +27631521991
Marans are another dual purpose hen and are renowned for their vibrant dark brown eggs and exception meal quality. Eggs: A Maran will lay around 200 eggs a year. These eggs are a vibrant dark brown colour and are medium sized.
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Plymouth Layers Rock chickens for sale whatsapp +27631521991
The Plymouth Rock is an American breed of domestic chicken. It was first seen in Massachusetts in the nineteenth century, and for much of the early twentieth century was the most popular chicken breed in the United States.
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Rhode Island Red chickens for sale whatsapp +27631521991
Rhode Island Red’s originated from America and are known as a ‘dual purpose’ chickens. This means they can be raised for either eggs or meat. They are one of the most popular backyard chicken breeds because they are tough and lay lots of eggs. Eggs: You should expect a young Rhode Island Red to lay 250 eggs a year.
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Hybrid chickens for sale Whatsapp +27631521991
Here are many different hybrid breeds for sale and one of the most common is known as the Golden Comet. Hybrids have been bred to lay huge amounts of eggs whilst only consuming small amounts of food. This makes them cheaper to feed than other breeds. Eggs: You should expect for a typical hybrid hen to lay around 280 eggs per year.
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Yellow maize For Animal Feed for sale whatsapp +27631521991
we have good quality yellow maize for animal feed
we deliver contact us
you can call anytime
Whatsapp me @ +27631521991 for easy communication
Website: http://oldtownfarms.co.za
Livestock, Poultry, Frozen Chicken, Ostrich, Pigs & Animal Feed For Sale Whatsapp +27631521991
Welcome to Old Town Farms Pty Ltd Rearing Official Website To Order For Livestock and Ox Gallstone
With over years’ of experience in Cattle ranging dynamic dairy sector, Old Town Farms (Pty) Ltd® herself on providing a thorough, reliable and friendly service to the country’s dairy farmers.
Old Town Farms (Pty) Ltd® has been involved in the sale of Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein-Friesian, Jersey and Milking Shorthorn cattle breeds through private and auction sales.
Cattle of all breeds – both dairy and beef – as well as Ostrich, Pigs, sheep and goats have been supplied for export to worldwide markets. Our team is experienced in the sale and purchase of livestock on behalf of clients across the world.
Contact e-mails:=============== (oldtownfarmsptyltd@gmail.com)
Whatsapp contact;============== +27 63 152 1991
visit our website:=============== http://www.oldtownfarms.co.za
Keep it up, thanks- New online shop for your profit https://uniccshop.cards/
WOW mate your website is really good you can check also my blog pregnancy massage
This is very useful post for me. This will absolutely going to help me in my project
“https://themeditationguides.com/techniques/how-to-do-transcendental-meditation-step-by-step/”,”transcendental meditation”
some people still understand how to write a quality post
Birthday Without Getting Wasted
بانک مشاغل
تعمیر یخچال
Such a nice post..
Home Depot Kids Workshop
This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. This is very nice one and gives indepth information. Thanks for this nice article. lawn edger
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free.
Hill Stations In Karnataka
Fabrica de Lingerie,Sex shop,Fitness no Atacado menor preço da web em roupas intimase sex shop, melhor atacadista de produtos eroticos do Brasil sexshop
This blog is so nice to me. I will keep on coming here again and again. Visit my link as well.. dental care near me
I’ve been searching for some decent stuff on the subject and haven’t had any luck up until this point, You just got a new biggest fan!.. joker123 fishing world
This is very educational content and written well for a change.
India States and Capitals & Union Territories
This is a great post and enjoy the look of your blog very much. Thanks for sharing. bahis şirketleri
This is Thanks for sharing site: bitcoin bahisleri
This is very educational content and written well for a change. yasa dışı bahis siteleri
This is a good post. This post gives truly quality information. I’m definitely going to look into it. Really very useful tips are provided here. Thank you so much. Keep up the good works. HYIP Monitor
Such a nice post; cep bahis
I like this site, this is a very informative article!!
https://www.alphasurg.com/
This is the good massage in shanghai that makes your sensual feelings stronger and releases your body.
https://professionalmassageshanghai.com/
sbobet casino
Watch Australian Grand Prix 2020 Live Stream F1 Race Online. You have come to the right place to guide F1 live stream results, schedule, https://australiangrandprix2020.live
Conference tournament brackets, schedules, locations, March Madness 2020 This year’s Final Four will be in Atlanta on April 4 with the national champion to be determined on April 6.
https://marchmadnessnews.live
Such a nice post.;
Yantra
Thanks for sharing. Doğal taş
Thanks for sharing. https://mucizelibakkal.com/
This is a great blog keep it up. Thanks for sharing.
https://www.crystalcarrental.com/
Excellent and very exciting site. Love to watch. Keep Rocking. matadewaqq
– The Revenue Management Actions and Process. revenue management action and process. The first step for a revenue manager is to collect data …buy instagram followers cheap
Our experts in hotel revenue management and pricing will work on increasing your … Other action items include creating packages and offers, defining pricing …
Followers italy
I really like your writing style and how you express your ideas.Sky777
I’ve been surfing online more than three hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for me. In my opinion, if all webmasters and bloggers made good content as you did, the web will be a lot more useful than ever before. online stock account comparison
Such a nice post; Bahsegel giriş
This is a great post and enjoy the look of your blog very much. Thanks for sharing.; Bahsegel
This is a great blog keep it up. Thanks for sharing; Vdcasino