by

Railway Industry in France

TGV 1

1. Industry Overview:

In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train.  SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.

>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en

Types of Train in France:

01-TGV

02-Lunea

03-Teoz

04-TER

06-Intercites

Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:

– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed

– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel

– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed

– Low marginal cost and high production cost

– Product can be sold in advance

– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.

However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.

– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)

– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats

———

 2. Space

Railway industry defines space implicitly.

Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.

 Economy Class:
01-Class2
 Comfort Class:

01-Class 1

Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.

01-TGV Bar

For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.

Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.

I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.

——

3. Time

Railway industry defines time implicitly.

Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.

However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively.  Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.

>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html

The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated.  Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.

——–

4. Price

Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.

Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.

Price at 1 week before departure
01-Price-1st class-10AM-1wk

Price at 2 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-2wk

Price at 3 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-3wk

Price at 4 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-4wk

Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.

The physical rate fences are the classes:
01-Booking-Class

 

The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty

01-Booking-Rate Fences-1

01-Booking-Rate Fences-2

01-Booking-Rate Fences-3

01-Booking-Rate Fences-4

As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.

 

(-Thao Ly)

——–

References:

http://www.raileurope.com

http://www.tgv-europe.com

http://www.sncf.co.uk/

Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods

Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry

 

212,248 thoughts on “Railway Industry in France”

  1. That sounds like a great introduction to Arogyam Nutrition! The focus on holistic wellness and personalized dietary regimens really stands out. Your team’s expertise in therapeutic nutrition for various conditions like diabetes, hormone balance, and weight management is a strong selling point for those looking for tailored solutions.

    If you’re interested in sharing a link to your blog article, I can help integrate it seamlessly into your content. Otherwise, feel free to let me know how else I can assist with promoting your approach to health and nutrition!

    Introduction:
    Dengue fever is a viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes, and it can lead to significant health challenges. One of the key factors in recovering from dengue quickly is maintaining a proper diet. A well-balanced dengue diet chart, along with effective hydration and rest, plays a crucial role in aiding the body’s recovery. This guide explores the importance of diet and provides useful tips to help in a faster recovery.

    1. In-Depth Analysis of the Issue
    Dengue fever can cause a range of symptoms, including high fever, severe headache, joint pain, and skin rashes. Proper nutrition helps the body combat the infection and speeds up recovery. A dengue diet chart typically includes foods that are rich in fluids, vitamins, and minerals, which are essential for boosting immunity and restoring strength. Specific nutrients, such as vitamin C, potassium, and iron, are vital during recovery, as they help the body fight off infection, replenish lost nutrients, and repair damaged tissues.

    2. Causes of the Problem
    The viral nature of dengue can lead to dehydration and a weakened immune system, making it challenging for the body to recover. Poor nutrition can further compromise the body’s ability to combat the virus. The following factors can exacerbate the condition:

    Dehydration: Dengue causes severe fluid loss through fever, sweating, and vomiting, which can lead to dehydration if not replenished.
    Weak Immune System: Lack of essential nutrients, such as vitamin C and iron, can weaken the immune system, slowing recovery.
    Poor Appetite: Loss of appetite is common during dengue, which can make it harder for patients to consume the necessary nutrients.
    3. User Impact
    Patients suffering from dengue often experience fatigue and weakness, making it difficult for them to consume sufficient food and fluids. Here are some common challenges:

    Dehydration: Patients may feel fatigued and weak due to dehydration, which affects their energy levels and delays recovery.
    Nutrient Deficiency: Not getting enough vitamins and minerals can slow the healing process and reduce the body’s ability to fight the infection.
    Loss of Appetite: The reduced appetite during dengue can prevent the body from receiving the energy needed for a quick recovery.
    4. Accessibility Considerations
    For individuals with special dietary needs, such as those with diabetes or food allergies, it’s essential to adjust the dengue diet chart accordingly. Patients with chronic conditions should consult with a healthcare provider to ensure their diet does not interfere with their ongoing treatment for those conditions. Some considerations include:

    Sugar-Free Alternatives: For diabetic patients, replacing sugary drinks with coconut water, soups, or fruit juices is recommended.
    Gluten-Free Diet: For those with gluten sensitivity, gluten-free options should be included in the diet plan.
    Small, Frequent Meals: Encouraging small, frequent meals can help patients who have a low appetite or nausea.
    5. Technical Solutions
    A proper diet is essential for speeding up recovery from dengue. Here are some tips and food recommendations to include in your dengue diet chart:

    Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids like water, coconut water, and soups to maintain hydration levels. Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) are also beneficial to replace lost electrolytes.
    Fruits and Vegetables: Include foods rich in vitamin C (such as oranges, papayas, and strawberries) to help boost immunity and aid in faster healing.
    Iron-Rich Foods: Consume iron-rich foods like spinach, lentils, and fortified cereals to help in the recovery process and to combat anemia caused by blood loss.
    Protein-Rich Foods: Foods like chicken, fish, and eggs can help restore lost energy and help tissue repair.
    Avoid Oily and Fried Foods: These foods can be hard to digest and may cause discomfort, slowing down the recovery process.
    For a detailed dengue diet chart, visit Dengue Diet Chart.

    6. FAQs and Troubleshooting
    Q: What should I drink during dengue recovery?
    A: Drink plenty of fluids, including water, coconut water, and ORS solutions to stay hydrated and replace lost electrolytes. Fresh fruit juices like orange juice can help increase vitamin C intake.
    Q: Can I eat spicy food during dengue?
    A: It’s best to avoid spicy or greasy foods as they can irritate the stomach and lead to digestive discomfort. Stick to bland and easy-to-digest foods to speed up recovery.
    Q: How much fluid should I consume during dengue?
    A: Aim to drink at least 8-10 glasses of water per day, along with other hydrating fluids like coconut water and soups. This will help replace the fluids lost due to fever and sweating.

    7. Conclusion
    Recovering from dengue fever requires proper care, including a nutritious diet and adequate hydration. By following a well-planned dengue diet chart, patients can speed up their recovery and minimize the risk of complications. Ensuring a balanced intake of fluids, vitamins, and minerals is essential during the recovery process.

  3. “Konversijuoptimizavimas.lt is a game-changer for businesses aiming to maximize their online performance. Their expertise in Conversion Rate Optimization ensures your website doesn’t just attract visitors but turns them into loyal customers. The data-driven strategies, personalized solutions, and A/B testing approaches make them a standout choice in Lithuania for boosting sales and user experience. If you’re looking to transform your website into a high-conversion platform, this is the place to start. Highly recommend exploring their free consultation! 🚀

    Visit: [Konversijuoptimizavimas.lt](https://konversijuoptimizavimas.lt).”

  6. Favorite site for experienced players and lottery masters. The very generous 4D lottery dealer always provides winning opportunities for every player, for further information see here berastogel

  8. Pina yum is a delightful term that brings to mind the sweet, tropical flavors of the Philippines, particularly the juicy pineapple. It represents the refreshing and vibrant taste of Filipino cuisine, where tropical fruits like pineapple are used in a variety of delicious dishes. Pina Yum is a fun way to express the joy and flavorful experience of enjoying Filipino food, symbolizing the country’s rich culinary heritage.

  14. Erceflora.net is a great resource for anyone looking to learn about Erceflora, the popular probiotic supplement. The site provides detailed information on how Erceflora helps restore balance to the digestive system by promoting beneficial bacteria. Whether you’re dealing with digestive issues or seeking to improve overall gut health, Erceflora.net is a trusted platform to explore how Erceflora can enhance your digestive wellness.

  15. “Great post! I really appreciate how you broke down the topic into clear, digestible sections. The examples you provided were especially helpful in making the concepts easy to understand. Your writing style is engaging and makes even complex ideas approachable. Looking forward to reading more from you!” slot gacor maxwin

  16. slot gacor maxwin I really appreciate how you broke down the topic into clear, digestible sections. The examples you provided were especially helpful in making the concepts easy to understand. Your writing style is engaging and makes even complex ideas approachable.

  19. “This is an insightful post with a lot of valuable information. I particularly enjoyed [specific part of the post, e.g., ‘the way you compared different strategies for X’]. One suggestion I have is to include a few more real-world examples or case studies to back up some of the points. It would make the content even more relatable. Keep up the great work!” situs toto login

  20. a lot of valuable information. I particularly enjoyed [specific part of the post, e.g., ‘the way you compared different strategies for X’]. Keep up the great work!” situs toto login

  26. Enjoying the Sunset at Sri Baduga Fountain Park, Purwakarta, Sri Baduga Fountain Park in Purwakarta is one of the charming tourist destinations and an icon of this city. Located in the middle of the city, this park offers natural beauty that blends with cultural beauty, creating a very attractive atmosphere for visitors., for further information please visit this website https://jabarland.id/

  28. You really should experience a contest for starters of the highest quality blogs on the internet. I most certainly will recommend this web site! agen togel

  30. AI success is overwhelmingly about how people adapt and thrive in a new AI-powered world. Yet, we often focus on the flashy tech side of AI and less so on the human side—the culture shifts, the new job roles, and the emotional journey people go through. Developing human-centered AI Strategy

  32. There are a couple of fascinating points on time in this post but I don’t know if all of them center to heart. There may be some validity but I’m going to take hold opinion until I investigate it further. Excellent post , thanks so we want a lot more! Put into FeedBurner as well alexistogel

  33. Fantastic goods from you, man. I have understand your stuff previous to and you’re just too great. I actually like what you’ve acquired here, certainly like what you are saying and the way in which you say it. You make it enjoyable and you still care for to keep it wise. I cant wait to read far more from you. This is actually a wonderful website. alexistogel

  36. Thank you for an additional great post. Exactly where else could anybody get that kind of facts in this kind of a ideal way of writing? I have a presentation next week, and I’m around the appear for this kind of data. bungee cord pack

  38. เรา ห่างหายไป อ่านบล็อกนี้ และรู้สึกตื่นตะลึง มาก!

    ข่าวสาร ที่น่าสนใจด้วย รายละเอียดที่ ครบถ้วน ทำให้ผมได้รับแง่มุม ใหม่ๆ มากมาย ผมชอบวิธีการ
    ที่คุณพิจารณา ประเด็นต่างๆ อย่างละเอียดถี่ถ้วน และเสนอ แนวคิดที่น่าสนใจ ผมเห็นด้วยในมุมมอง หลายจุดที่คุณกล่าวถึง และมองที่เป็นเรื่องที่สำคัญและควรได้รับการทบทวน อย่างละเอียด
    นอกจากนี้ ผมยังยินดี ความแปลกใหม่ ในการสื่อสาร เนื้อหา ภาษา
    ที่ใช้เข้าใจง่าย และการจัดรูปแบบ ที่น่าสนใจ ทำให้
    อ่านแล้วไม่รู้สึกเบื่อ เป็นบล็อกที่โดดเด่น และน่าติดตามอย่างมาก
    ขอบคุณ ที่แบ่งปันประสบการณ์ และความคิดเห็น ที่น่าสนใจ ผมรอตั้งหน้าตั้งตา ที่จะอ่านบทความอื่นๆ ของคุณในภายหน้า และหวังว่าจะได้ได้โอกาส แบ่งปัน
    ความคิดเห็น กับคุณด้วย

    Here is my web-site … จ่ายไว หวยออนไลน์

  46. This is your best writing skills. I realy like your blog. Patio paver stones offer durability, style, and versatility for outdoor spaces. Available in various shapes, colors, and textures, they create stunning patios, walkways, and driveways. Easy to maintain and resistant to weather, paver stones provide a long-lasting solution for enhancing curb appeal and functionality. Their interlocking design ensures stability, making them a popular choice for modern landscaping projects.

  49. Greetings professors and peers,

    First, let me express my gratitude for the enriching content here. I’d like to introduce FOTAS, an innovative optoelectronic system designed for monitoring acoustic parameters. Using AI, it provides seamless profiling along optical fibers, ensuring precision and reliability.

    FOTAS stands out as a cost-effective and highly accurate system, immune to electromagnetic disturbances, which makes it perfect for various applications like pipeline monitoring or infrastructure surveillance.

    Thank you for this amazing forum, and I look forward to reading more of your work.

    FOTAS

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *