1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
You there, this is really good post here. Thanks for taking the time to post such valuable information. Quality content is what always gets the visitors coming. stainless steel suppliers near me
Looking for reliable educational resources? Sites like this one provide valuable insights and tools for learners of all levels. For those interested in exploring additional engaging platforms, check out baddiehub for unique learning opportunities!
Wow, this blog is incredibly well-written and packed with valuable insights! I genuinely appreciate the effort you put into explaining everything so clearly. On a related note, if anyone is planning a move and needs reliable assistance, I highly recommend checking out Movers Near Me. Their services are top-notch and make moving stress-free.
I am happy to find this post Very useful for me, as it contains lot of information. I Always prefer to read The Quality and glad I found this thing in you post. Thanks Best SEO services in Noida
The detailed explanations are prostavive reviews perfect for beginners and experts alike.
Very efficiently written information. It will be beneficial to anybody who utilizes it, including me. Keep up the good work. For sure i will check out more posts. This site seems to get a good amount of visitors. Buy lottery online
I highly recommend 롤대리 for anyone looking to improve.
This is my first time visit here. From the tons of comments on your articles,I guess I am not only one having all the enjoyment right here! bandar slot
Discover the ultimate in luxury with our Men’s Moissanite Watch . Featuring stunning Moissanite stones and high-quality diamonds, these timepieces exude elegance and brilliance. Crafted with premium materials for lasting beauty and precision.
Our High Profile Russian Models in Delhi are the epitome of elegance and sophistication, seamlessly merging their striking beauty, brilliant intellect, and undeniable charm to create moments that linger in memory. Beyond their captivating looks, these extraordinary companions possess a magnetic allure and depth that transform every interaction into a remarkable experience.
Dear, I read your content and this is fabulous.you are doing amazing . Please read our content too .
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value. Im glad to have found this post as its such an interesting one! I am always on the lookout for quality posts and articles so i suppose im lucky to have found this! I hope you will be adding more in the future… bandar slot gacor
I just done mine and that i was looking for several design suggestions and you afflicted me with a few. sampon Farmasi
Great job for publishing such a beneficial web site. Your web log isn’t only useful but it is additionally really creative too. There tend to be not many people who can certainly write not so simple posts that artistically. Continue the nice writing bandar slot gacor
You have brought up a very excellent details , appreciate it for the post. víosa do thír na hAlbáine
I do think, know-how, is definitely the proper way, skills, together with the least time and effort to do something. waboom77
Nicely picked details, many thanks to the author. It’s incomprehensive in my experience at present, however in common, the convenience and importance is mind-boggling. Regards and all the best .. sampon Farmasi
sd dsf
They facilitate all your relocation needs with the best international movers in Abu Dhabi with ease and reliability. Aeron Cargo is your one-stop destination providing you with the finest relocation solutions, with over two decades of experience, providing expert handling of international moves. Our crew packs safely, transports securely, and delivers on time to your destination located anywhere in the world. As a licensed and experienced company, we use advanced technology to monitor and handle every step of the moving process. Choose Aeron Cargo for stress-free international relocation and quality service.
banca30.live cung cấp nhiều chương trình ưu đãi hấp dẫn để khuyến khích người chơi. Đội ngũ tư vấn viên hoạt động 24/7 và tận tâm hỗ trợ khách hàng nhanh chóng. Khi tham gia cổng game, bạn sẽ trải nghiệm dịch vụ cá cược tốt nhất hiện nay.
yes Interesting and amazing how your post is! It Is Useful and helpful for me That I like it very much, and I am looking forward to Hearing from your next.. bandar slot
Hello, have you by chance pondered to create regarding Nintendo Dsi handheld? víosa do thír Háití
Wow, this post hit home for me. I’ve been stuck in a plateau for weeks, and your advice about mixing up workouts and focusing on progress beyond the scale really resonated. I’d love to hear more about your experiences with goal-setting during tough times—any personal stories you could share?
succesturf
yes Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly that love and read more on this topic. If possible, such as gain knowledge, would you mind updating your blog with additional information? It is very useful for me. bandar slot
I really loved reading your blog. It was very well authored and easy to undertand. Unlike additional blogs I have read which are really not tht good. I also found your posts very interesting. In fact after reading, I had to go show it to my friend and he ejoyed it as well! bandar slot gacor
تسوق أفخر أنواع العود والبخور لتعطير منزلك ومناسباتك بروائح شرقية أصيلة تدوم طويلاً. مثالية لإضفاء لمسة فخامة وأجواء هادئة في كل مكان.
عود و بخور
Nandrolone Decanoate, a popular anabolic steroid, supports muscle growth, joint health, and enhanced recovery. Known for its long-lasting effects, it is ideal for bulking cycles. Proper dosage and post-cycle therapy are essential to maximize benefits while minimizing potential side effects in bodybuilding or athletic performance.
This is just the information I am finding everywhere. Thanks for your blog, I just subscribe your blog. This is a nice blog.. bandar slot
You there, this is really good post here. Thanks for taking the time to post such valuable information. Quality content is what always gets the visitors coming. Golden Massage Kuala Lumpur
I have read your blog it is very helpful for me. I want to say thanks to you. I have bookmark your site for future updates. situs slot online
If you’re seeking reliable information or resources, including on topics like tech or lifestyle, TechFilipinos is a great platform to explore. It covers a wide range of helpful topics and insights. Prioritize meaningful and safe experiences, and always make informed decisions by using trustworthy sources like techfilipinos for guidance.
ความชื่นชอบ ในการ ซื้อ “หวยลาว” เป็นหนึ่งในกิจกรรมยอดนิยมในประเทศไทย โดยผู้คนจำนวนมากมักจะ ชื่นชอบ ในการ ทำ
ด้วยความหวังที่จะได้รับ ความโชคดี และ พัฒนา
ชีวิตของตนเอง
“หวยลาว” เป็นการ ซื้อ ที่ถูกกฎหมายในประเทศลาว และได้รับ ความชื่นชอบ อย่างมากในหมู่ ผู้คนในไทย
โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วงเทศกาลสำคัญ
ๆ เช่น วันสงกรานต์ วันขึ้นปีใหม่
และช่วงก่อนการออกรางวัลใหญ่ของ”หวยลาว” ผู้คนจะ ต่างเสี่ยง เพื่อลุ้นรับ
ความมั่งคั่ง ที่จะ ปรับปรุงให้ดีขึ้น ชีวิตของพวกเขา
อย่างไรก็ตาม การ พนัน “หวยลาว” ก็ไม่ปราศจากปัญหา เนื่องจากบางคนอาจ
ปรารถนา การพนันและใช้เงินมากเกินไป ส่งผลให้เกิด
ผลกระทบ นอกจากนี้ การ เสี่ยง “หวยลาว” ยังอาจเป็นช่องทางให้คนบางกลุ่ม กระทำการอันไม่ถูกต้อง โดยมิชอบ ด้วยการ ปล้น รางวัลของผู้ชนะ
แม้ว่าการ ลุ้น “หวยลาว” จะเป็นกิจกรรมที่ถูกกฎหมายและ เป็นที่ต้องการ ในหมู่ชาวไทย แต่ควรมีการ ตัดสิน อย่างใกล้ชิดเพื่อ จำกัด ปัญหาที่อาจ
ตามมา ทั้งนี้ เพื่อให้การ เสี่ยง “หวยลาว” เป็นเพียงการเสี่ยงโชค เท่านั้น และ ไม่ส่งผลเสีย ต่อ การเงิน ของ ผู้ที่เกี่ยวข้อง
Here is my website; เว็บคาสิโนออนไลน์ที่มีโบนัสและโปรโมชั่นดีที่สุด
มีรางวัลแจ็กพอตมากมายให้ลุ้น และมีระบบที่ช่วยให้สมาชิกเล่นได้อย่างสะดวกสบาย – list.ly
–
I have to convey my respect for your kindness for all those that require guidance on this one field. Your special commitment to passing the solution up and down has been incredibly functional and has continually empowered most people just like me to achieve their dreams. Your amazing insightful information entails much to me and especially to my peers. Thanks a ton; from all of us. bandar slot online
Nice post! This is a very nice blog that I will definitively come back to more times this year! Thanks for informative post. slot gacor 2025
استمتع بأفخم أنواع دهن العود في السعودية برائحة شرقية غنية وفاخرة تدوم طويلاً. مثالي للاستخدام اليومي والمناسبات الخاصة لإضفاء لمسة فاخرة على إطلالتك.
دهن عود
تعتبر سماعة ليتمان الأصلية واحدة من الأدوات الأساسية التي يعتمد عليها الأطباء والممارسون الصحيون في تشخيص الحالات الطبية بدقة. تتميز هذه السماعة بجودتها العالية وتصميمها المبتكر الذي يضمن وضوح الصوت ودقته، مما يساعد الأطباء على سماع أدق التفاصيل في نبضات القلب وأصوات الرئة.
Paid phone search services usually go with access to unlimited lookups, discounted background and cell phone reports, and an advanced People Search. You can use the peop search application to find old classmates, long lost relatives, or former co-workers. Arina East Residences Price
https://www.ceacuautla.edu.mx/profile/ceritoto27x/profile
I just couldn’t depart your site prior to suggesting that I extremely enjoyed the standard information an individual provide for your visitors? Is gonna be back frequently in order to inspect new posts bandar slot gacor
This blog website is pretty cool! How was it made ! แทงบอล
اكتشف مخلطات فواحة فاخرة في السعودية بروائح شرقية وغربية تعطر منزلك وتمنحك أجواءً منعشة وفاخرة تدوم طويلاً. مثالية للمناسبات وللاستخدام اليومي.
مخلطات فواحة
I’ve been surfing online greater than three hours these days, but I by no means found any interesting article like yours. It¡¦s beautiful value sufficient for me. In my view, if all website owners and bloggers made excellent content as you probably did, the net will likely be a lot more helpful than ever before. Money6x.com
Thanks for the blog loaded with so many information. Stopping by your blog helped me to get what I was looking for. CAMPUS LIFE
Very efficiently written information. It will be beneficial to anybody who utilizes it, including me. Keep up the good work. For sure i will check out more posts. This site seems to get a good amount of visitors. ซื้อหวยออนไลน์
Hallo guys, Come on check my link: Slot toto online KONOHATOTO78 I play and always win🤩🤑💥💸
Awesome tips! I hadn’t thought about using local apps to find hidden gems in new cities. Do you have any specific app recommendations for Southeast Asia? I’m planning a trip there soon and would love to explore beyond the typical tourist spots!
satta dpboss matka
xoso66 là nhà cái hàng đầu trong lĩnh vực xổ số và cá cược trực tuyến, mang đến cho người chơi một sân chơi giải trí chuyên nghiệp và an toàn. Đội ngũ chăm sóc khách hàng tận tâm, hỗ trợ 24/7 giúp XOSO66 trở thành lựa chọn tin cậy của đông đảo người chơi.
I couldn’t agree more with this post! Reading has been such a transformative habit for me, especially when it comes to building empathy and understanding different perspectives. I loved your book recommendations too—’Atomic Habits’ is a game-changer. Do you plan to share a follow-up with tips for reading more consistently?
f95
When you use a genuine service, you will be able to provide instructions, share materials and choose the formatting style. slot88
Such a thoughtful piece! I’ve been journaling on and off for years, but your suggestion to include daily gratitude entries is something I haven’t tried yet. It seems like a great way to shift focus to the positives. Have you noticed a particular journaling format or prompt that works best for self-reflection?
f95