1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Hopefully this blog can help you solve problems in playing online games, here is a little information about online slot games so that you don’t experience defeat when playing, for further information please visit this website http://anitepamcb.info/
Here you can find various types of exciting online slot games and it is very easy to get the jackpot, just visit this website http://the-fit-life.com/
Great comprehend, Useful website, where by done u assembled the important points in this particular inserting? We have received comprehend a few of the particular articles or blog posts along with your website now, as well as I really like seem. Have fun here some type of mil as well as you should support this kind of beneficial perform the job. Blockchain technology
The other day, while I was at work, my cousin stole my iPad and tested to
see if it can survive a forty foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My
apple ipad is now destroyed and she has 83 views. I know this is
completely off topic but I had to share it with someone!
Feel free to visit my site: carinsurancetips2.z1.web.core.windows.net
Superbly written article, if only all bloggers offered the same content as you, the internet would be a far better place.. patek replica
must try, this game is very profitable, what’s more, it’s very easy to get a big win, just visit this website http://trendustad.com/
Can you change your GCash number? The answer is here. In this digital world, technology enhances day by day, and people prefer it too. Digital wallets, such as mmbill, are very popular because they play an important role in daily transactions. GCash is also one of them. A correct mobile number must be linked to your GCash account so that you can enjoy all their features like shopping, paying bills, etc. If you changed your mobile number or generally want to change your GCash number, then it’s not difficult. GCash allows you to change your number in GCash through simple steps.
I suggest to you that on this blog you will find various kinds of fun games with the opportunity to win big jackpot prizes, for further information please visit this website https://infernalrevulsion.com/
Yes! Finally something about gluco freedom.
Feel free to surf to my blog gluco freedom reviews
Almost everyone iam1688 dreams of something while
You won’t know anything about reading the stats, analyzing the crypto trends, or knowing the factors that tell whether it’s the right time to place the trade. immediate connect uk
The best game that I recommend for you, this game is very fun and very easy to win, just visit this website https://ufabeticon.com/
It’s awesome to visit this web site and reading the views of all mates about this article, while I am also zealous of getting familiarity.
Look at my website – ai porn
인스타 팔로워 구매 서비스를 통해 SNS스튜디오는 고객의 인스타그램 성장 목표를 효과적으로 지원합니다. 이 서비스는 팔로워를 자연스럽게 증가시키며, 추가적으로 인스타 좋아요 늘리기 기능을 통해 게시물의 반응도를 상승시켜 계정의 영향력을 확장할 수 있습니다. SNS스튜디오의 차별화된 접근 방식은 사용자가 쉽게 인스타그램에서 원하는 성과를 얻을 수 있도록 설계되었습니다.
The best game is very interesting and certainly very profitable for the players, if you are curious about the game, please visit this website https://best-kiev-escorts.info/
Situs judi Slot online kini menjadi sorotan untuk para pengguna baru karena desain yang cukup simple serta permainan yang sangat mudah sehingga gampang untuk memenangkannya. Untuk para pengguna DP BOSS
A very fitting game to play, this game is very profitable. With charming graphic design and impressive sound effects, this game creates a deep and captivating adventure atmosphere. For further information, please visit this website https://aliierglobalqb.info/
Don’t be afraid to play this game, this is the best and most trusted game that always gives victory to its players, for further information please visit this website https://nokripk.info/
The examples below is definetly for instance glimmer brilliant. Each one of these insignificant issues are built utilizing wide variety of cornerstone knowledge. I spend time these folks a great deal. 축구중계
Its in the same way an excellent write-up that i unquestionably appreciated studying. It’s actually not essentially day-to-day that i grow a chance to uncover nearly anything. 토트넘중계
Kansas Plastic Surgery is a plastic and cosmetic surgery practice serving Wichita, Kansas and the surrounding area. Created by Dr. Kenton Schoonover, KPS provides creative, compassionate care to every patient.
smart lipo chin near me
Sweet Powernudge is a slot game that offers an exciting gaming experience with its Cluster Pays feature and exciting multipliers. The game combines eye-catching visual elements with innovative gameplay mechanics, making it an ideal choice for slot fans, for more information please visit this website https://thefuturescope.com/
Hello, I enjoy reading through your article post.
I like to write a little comment to support you.
Review my web page click site
Because of playing this game, my income has increased every day. This game is really very profitable. It is very suitable for you to play too. So just visit this website https://efactjournal.com/
Hello my friend! I wish to say that this article is amazing, nice written and include almost all important infos. I’d like to see more posts like this . porta blindada
Empty the Bank is a slot game developed by Pragmatic Play, this game carries an interesting bank robbery theme. This game has 5 reels and 10 paylines, as well as various interesting features such as wilds, scatters, respins, and bonus rounds. The most interesting feature of this game is the Money Re-Spins feature, where players have the opportunity to get big prizes by collecting coins that have different values, for more information please visit this website https://wanforcecr.info/
Hello, its nice paragraph concerning media print, we all understand media is a great source of data.
Also visit my page – Aqui
important information for those of you who want to find profitable online games, I recommend this game, an interesting, entertaining and very profitable game, for further information, just visit this website https://outdoorshopssy.info/
Angel Hidalgo made history in his career by defeating Jon Rahm in a playoff to win the Spanish Open title on September 29, 2024, for more information please visit this website https://sportinghave.com/
I appreciate your warm sentiments and constant support! Your support inspires me to keep writing and aiming for greatness. Keep checking back for more exciting updates, and please feel free to offer any comments or recommendations. pls free to visit my site https://pinoygaming.ph/ditoplus/
This is my first time pay a quick visit at here and
i am genuinely pleassant to read all at one place.
my web page nuddies
Thank you for sharing your knowledge and expertise with the world.
siêuno win
Your post has those facts which are not accessible from anywhere else. It’s my humble request to u please keep writing such remarkable articles slot thailand
The Minnesota Timberwolves just made a major move in an effort to strengthen their team by acquiring forward Keita Bates-Diop, guard Donte DiVincenzo and forward Julius Randle from the New York Knicks. This move comes after the Timberwolves decided to release their star, Karl-Anthony Towns, in a surprising trade, for more information please visit this website https://sports-vulkanstavka.com/
I definitely enjoying every little bit of it. It is a great website and nice share. I want to thank you. Good job! You guys do a great blog, and have some great contents. Keep up the good work slot thailand
This online game site is highly recommended for you to play, this game is very interesting, very entertaining and very profitable, what’s more, it is added with bonus features that can be taken directly every day, for further information please visit this website https://heylink.me/bromo77/
We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up. Great work. https://colokgacor.com/
The family will be together in your heart. https://23win.tv/
Ruhi Ahuja Indore Escorts Agency is a leader in providing high-quality Escorts Services in Indore. Our agency offers a carefully selected array of sophisticated and endearing escorts to our discerning clientele.
Escort Indore
Regalbet dikenal sebagai situs game online terpercaya menawarkan pengalaman bermain yang aman, menyenangkan, dan tentunya, cepat dalam proses penarikan. https://dauniafeels.org/
Telegram中文版下载 flexibility reminds me of the dynamic pricing in the railway industry. Just like trains with variable seat demand and unpredictable customer flow, Telegram adapts to user needs by offering flexible communication options, from private chats to public channels, ensuring seamless connectivity in ever-changing scenarios.
Telegram中文 , much like the railway system, thrives on managing diverse user bases and unpredictable demand. While trains adjust their capacity to accommodate passengers standing, Telegram adjusts its features for both casual users and businesses, offering tailored solutions that cater to the needs of different communication purposes.
In a similar way to how railway operators deal with fluctuating demand and perishable inventory like unsold seats, Telegram中文语言包 provides a platform where communication, once missed, can be easily recovered. Whether it’s organizing a group trip via public groups or sharing real-time updates, Telegram ensures efficient and adaptable communication flow across different user segments.
will recommend a game that is very suitable for you to play, a very exciting graphic game full of extraordinary sensations and very profitable, for more information please visit the website https://akuratangkawak.com/
There are various tools and websites that claim to permit users to view private Instagram
profiles, but it’s important to way in these past caution. Many of these tools can be unreliable, may
require personal information, or could violate Instagram’s terms of
service. Additionally, using such tools can compromise your own security
or lead to scams. The safest and most ethical artifice to view a private profile is to send a follow demand
directly to the user. Always prioritize privacy and adulation in your online interactions.
Also visit my blog post: injectbox private instagram viewer (Hung)
great post. Also, I have shared your web site in my social networks หวย ลาว พัฒนา
if you want to download the Capcut mod APK in one click just go to capcarv.com!
Download the Capcut mod APK with one click at https://capcarv.com/!
I was trying to come up with a clever pick-up line, but all I can think about is how your smile lights up my day. What’s the secret behind that charm
cockfight login
I value the expertise and wisdom you bring to the table. trang cá độ bóng đá uy tín