1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Great article. I am experiencing many of these issues as well..
Have a look at my web page: singapore
You make so many great points here that I read your article a couple of times. Your views are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is great content for your readers. rent a luxury car dubai
Gacor online game site that provides various types of slot and lottery games with a high win rate and always provides easy wins for its players, just visit this website https://rnxkmnngl.com/
carry out an activity on a site with a very fun game
It is perfect time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I’ve read this post and if I could I desire to suggest you few interesting things or tips. Perhaps you could write next articles referring to this article. I want to read more things about it! ウェブ制作
Hopefully this can help solve your problems in playing online slot games if you are unlucky, here I want to give recommendations for easy-to-win gacor slot games, just visit the website https://setupbaccarattable.com/
Cool stuff you have got and you keep update all of us. Betwin4d
Recommendations for slot games that are easy to win big, no need to wait long and lots of additional bonus prizes, for further information please visit the website https://mihanscript.com/
One of the world’s most successful and storied football clubs, Manchester United has a history spanning over a century. The club was founded in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR Football Club and renamed Manchester United in 1902. Since then, the club has been synonymous with success, consistency and a passionate fan base. This summary highlights the key moments and decisive games that have shaped Manchester United’s illustrious journey. manchester united gegen chelsea
The Manchester United vs Aston Villa clash is a match steeped in history and tradition that captures the essence of English football’s rich heritage. This Manchester United vs Aston Villa analysis delves into the dynamics of their recent encounter, examining key tactical battles, individual performances and decisive moments that influenced the outcome. man united gegen aston villa
Gacor online slot game site with an extraordinary sensation and the ease of getting a jackpot https://nalgonas.org
Sydney Togel One of the most popular forms of togel in Australia and is known for its unique betting and drawing system. This game offers a variety of interesting betting options, including 2D, 3D, and 4D numbers, allowing players to choose a combination of numbers, making this game an interesting game and a very popular game, for more information please visit this website https://fashionmarkets.xyz
Take Some Breaks Working iam1688 towards your goal not mean
Fortunasports memberi Anda pengalaman memainkan tema Pasar Terapung yang semarak dan penuh warna dari CQ9, dengan berbagai fitur dan tema berdasarkan gaya Anda. https://fortunasports.icu
This blog is very useful, you can find anything here, especially about very interesting online games that you can find here, I also want to tell you about interesting and very profitable games, just visit https://360techglobal.com
The latest and certainly profitable online lottery player site 2024. Online lottery toto has long been a place to make the best money that is practical to play and has very big prizes, for further information please visit this website https://crazyforapps.com/
excellent points altogether, you just gained a new reader. What would you recommend about your post that you made some days ago? Any positive? deluna4d login
Hope you will update the article. I still like the blog deluna4d
online lottery game site easy to win big and you can see a little leak of the numbers that will be issued, for further information you can visit this website directly https://levelgeek.net/
Can nicely write on similar topics! Welcome to here you’ll find out how it should look. water sport hat
Can nicely write on similar topics! Welcome to here you’ll find out how it should look. Online voice lessons
Thanks for sharing your thoughts on Ultra K9 Pro Reviews K9 PRO.
Regards
Below you will understand what is important, the idea provides one of the links with an exciting site: cheap bailbonds
The best lottery dealer site in 2024 which provides various complete lottery markets and provides a few leaks of the best numbers, for those who want to feel the jackpot in playing online lottery, you can try it here, just visit this website https://chiropractor-list.com/
The best online slot game site that provides a variety of the best games with a high win rate that is easy to win, for further information please visit this website https://thejulix.com/
If some one needs expert view about blogging and site-building afterward i advise him/her to pay a visit this blog, Keep up
the pleasant job.
Have a look at my web-site; เหล้านอก
This blog is very helpful, I can find whatever I am looking for here, I really like this blog and if you want to try a fun and profitable game, just visit this website https://6667721.com
The best toto dealer that provides a variety of very complete lottery markets, easy to hit the jackpot, so play and feel the sensation https://www.lechaletsuisse.com/
Howdy this is kind of of off topic but I was wondering if blogs use WYSIWYG
editors or if you have to manually code with HTML. I’m
starting a blog soon but have no coding knowledge so I wanted to get advice from someone with experience.
Any help would be enormously appreciated!
Also visit my web-site; illegal casinos by DenofGeek
Great information. I appreciate you providing me with so much valuable knowledge. It was really useful and intriguing what was stated. Without a doubt, I will pin and share it! Claim a Free 777 Cash Here!!.
Try to be a rainbow in someone’s cloud. w88
Sabong International And Experience The Best Live Sabong
Web: https://sabonginternational.homes/
Phone: 63 969.59.69.798
Address: PBCom Tower, 6795 Ayala Avenue, corner V.A. Rufino St, Makati , Metro Manila, 1209 , Philippines.
Hasteg: #sabonginternational #sabong
It’s really amazing, I really like this game, I’m very entertained, besides that, this game is also very profitable, you must try this game, it is certain that you will get very big profits, for further information please visit this website obral4d
This post is very helpful, thank you. tg one คาสิโน Thanks For Sharing information.
The most popular and best online lottery site that provides a very complete lottery market with very satisfying jackpot prizes, for further information please visit this website https://lupalapor.com/
HANTU777: Profits Flow in Every Game! Main di HANTU777 dan rasakan cuan mengalir di setiap permainan! https://moscow-landmarks.com/
🎮✨ I love you, mawarliga! Websites for trustworthy online gaming in Indonesia that offer easy and entertaining gameplay. 💰🔥 With a fully functional max-win system, every victory you experience is guaranteed! Don’t worry, check out the chart below and start earning some real money by playing this game! 🚀🌉 #MaxWin #GameOnline #mawarliga
🏰✨ Salutations from Gpxslot! Take advantage of a secure and trustworthy online gaming platform. 🎉💸 Here, no matter how many victories you achieve, they will always be paid for! Never give up on achieving success and developing strong moral principles.
🎮✨ I’m joining KODOK4D! Discover the best online gaming experience with a variety of intriguing promos that are eager to be explored! 🎉💰 Play your favorite game on a reliable Indonesian platform in a safe and enjoyable manner. Do not hesitate any longer, register yourself now and experience the joy of playing with us! 🚀🔥 #GamingSeru #KODOK4D #PromoMenarik
When you are loved by someone, you have strength. https://abc8mb.com/
🎮✨ I’m hooked on Kodok4d! Get the best online gaming experience possible with a variety of exciting promotions that are hard to pass up! 🌉💰 Play your favorite game on a trustworthy Indonesian platform in an honest and pleasant manner. Don’t worry anymore, register yourself now and experience the joy of playing with us! 🚀🏥 #GamingSeru #PromoMenarik #KODOK4D
🎰✨ I’m the major user of Gpxslot! Explore a wide range of trustworthy and safe online gaming platforms. 🎉💸 Here, every success you achieve must be paid for, no matter how many! Never give up on achieving success and meaningful dreams. Check out the current deal and see for yourself the unbeatable gameplay experience! 💀🏥 #GpxSlot #GameOnline #MenangPastiBayar
33win là cổng game đa dang thể loại game nhất hiện nay. Sở hữu giao diện bắt mắt và thân thiện cổng game này mang lại sự trải nghiệm đỉnh cao cho người chơi.
Website : https://www.33win.com.se/
SĐT : 0985.71.9449
Địa chỉ : 47 Nguyễn Ảnh Thủ, Phường Tân Chánh Hiệp, Quận 12, Tp Hồ Chí Minh
Hastag : #33win#33wincomse
Fine way of describing, and pleasant post to
obtain facts concerning my presentation subject matter, 메이저사이트 which i am going to convey in college.
“Babu088 is your gateway to a premium online gaming experience, offering a wide range of exciting games and opportunities to win big. With user-friendly features and exclusive bonuses, Babu088 provides a thrilling and secure platform for all types of players. Don’t miss out on the chance to enhance your gaming journey and explore all that Babu088 has to offer today!
For more details – visit Babu088 now.“
Nice blog here! Additionally your website loads up very fast!
What web host are you the usage of? Can I get your affiliate hyperlink to your host?
I desire my website loaded up as fast as yours lol
My web-site Homepage (nastoor.ir)
I don’t even know how I ended up here, but
I thought this post was great. I don’t know who
you are but certainly you are going to a famous
blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
Feel free to visit my web blog: visit this website
My business is keen on like issues well, i will probably target webpage where by it truly is trendy identified. scbet88 slot
시간을내어이 문제에 대해 토론 해 주셔서 감사합니다.이 주제에 대해 더 많이 배우고 싶습니다. 가능하다면 전문 지식을 얻으면 추가 정보로 블로그를 업데이트 해 주시겠습니까? 저에게 매우 도움이됩니다. 툰코 바로가기
GTA Mzansi is a uniquely South African adaptation of the popular Grand Theft Auto (GTA) game series, set in the vibrant and culturally rich landscape of South Africa. While it remains unofficial, the concept of GTA Mzansi captures the imagination of fans by blending the familiar open-world chaos of GTA with the distinctive atmosphere of South African cities, townships, and rural areas. Players envision a game filled with local elements such as minibus taxis, iconic landmarks like Table Mountain, and a soundtrack that features South African music genres such as amapiano, kwaito, and gqom. The idea of GTA Mzansi speaks to the potential of seeing more diverse cultural settings in video games, offering a unique twist on the traditional crime and adventure formula that fans of the series love, while spotlighting the energy and spirit of South Africa.