1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
“Experience the excitement of Rooftop Snipers unblocked. Engage in intense, unrestricted sniper battles on rooftops.”
“Unlock the fun with Rooftop Snipers unblocked. Enjoy epic sniper showdowns and compete with friends anywhere, anytime.”
I simply discovered this web journal and have high trusts in it to proceed. Keep up the considerable work, its elusive great ones. I have added to my top choices. Much obliged to You. kèo nhà cái
Took me time to read all the comments, but I really enjoyed the article. It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commenters here! It’s always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained! situs koitoto
Cheers to the article along with wonderful guidelines.. perhaps My spouse and i in addition feel that efforts can be the key facet of receiving good results. slot dana
Much obliged for setting aside an ideal opportunity to examine this, I feel firmly about it and love adapting more on this point. On the off chance that conceivable, as you pick up mastery, would you mind overhauling your website with more data? It is greatly useful for me. keonhacai
Hats off to this agency for getting me hired in record time!
construction worker agency in singapore
Indibet offers a seamless online betting experience through its official website and mobile app. Head over to our official website and login to our user-friendly Indibet site online. We have got a wide variety of betting options just for you.Whether you like cricket, football, tennis, or other sports, we have something for everyone,whether you’ve bet before or you’re just starting out.
Indibet is safe and easy to use, so your betting will be smooth. Join us now and have fun betting on your favorite sports with Indibet!
https://indibetapps.com/
dolar4d merupakan salah satu situs main demo slot pragmatic terpopuler saat ini.
asiaking merupakan salah satu rekomendasi daftar situs slot online deposit via dana.
mustang777 agen judi slot demo mustang777 juga menyediakan link main demo slot pragmatic gratis, tanpa depo.
I’m influenced using the surpassing as well as preachy itemizing that you simply provide such small timing. slot dana
This was a truly incredible challenge and ideally I can go to the following one. It was alot of fun and I truly lived it up.. kèo nhà cái 5
This was a truly incredible challenge and ideally I can go to the following one. It was alot of fun and I truly lived it up.. kèo nhà cái 5
Took me time to read all the comments, but I really enjoyed the article. It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commenters here! It’s always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained! Pet wellness items
I might want to thank you for the endeavors you have made in composing this article. I am trusting the same best work from you later on too.. kèo nhà cái 5
Generally speaking, assurance and ability progress at the same rate.
온라인 카지노 사이트
“The depth of insight you offer in your articles is truly remarkable. I’m constantly learning something new from your blog.”
lucky me i see ghosts hoodie
Everybody has limitations, but if we pay attention to our detractors, we also have theirs. 우리 카지노 쿠폰
Option Trading Course in Chandigarh
Unlock your financial potential with our top-rated Option Trading Course in Chandigarh at The Wise Bucks. Designed for both beginners and experienced traders, our comprehensive course covers everything from the basics of options trading to advanced strategies. Our expert instructors provide hands-on training, ensuring you gain practical knowledge and confidence to succeed in the dynamic world of trading. Located in the heart of Chandigarh, we offer flexible schedules and personalized guidance to meet your needs. Join The Wise Bucks community today and start your journey to financial independence. Enroll now and transform your trading skills with the best option trading course in Chandigarh.
I went over this website and I believe you have a lot of wonderful information, saved to my bookmarks mywawavisit.bond
ladang78 merupakan platform penyedia layanan main game slot gacor paling populer di indonesia
Excellent article. Very interesting to read. I really love to read such a nice article. Thanks! keep rocking. AlfaBet188
Took me time to read all the comments, but I really enjoyed the article. It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commenters here! It’s always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained! iptv 24 hour
You made such an interesting piece to read, giving every subject enlightenment for us to gain knowledge. Thanks for sharing the such information with us to read this… 토토사이트
Never allow intimidation to silence you. Never give in to the temptation to become a victim. Don’t let anyone define your life for you; instead, define it for yourself. 바카라 뜻
Being able to fit in with others is the best thing in the world. 샌즈카지노 아벤카지노
Wonderful article. The actual publish impacts lots of immediate problems in our culture. All of us cannot be uninvolved in order to these types of problems. This particular publish provides plans as well as ideas. Really educational as well as useful. link tgslot
dolar4d merupakan salah satu situs main demo slot pragmatic terpopuler hari ini.
It really is considerable, even so it is actually crucial to assist you to crown for the web site that weblink: 토토사이트
asiaking rekomendasi daftar situs slot online deposit via dana
We are truly thankful for your blog entry. You will discover a great deal of methodologies in the wake of going to your post. I was precisely scanning for. A debt of gratitude is in order for such post and please keep it up. Utility Box
“I am continually looking on the web for storys that can suit me. There is clearly a different to comprehend about this. I feel you made couple of salubrious focuses in Attributes besides. Confine occupied, great vocation!
” 메이저사이트
Great submit, the an extremely great website which you have the following, maintain the nice perform, will probably be again. stock exchange
These construction management recruiters found me a great position fast!
construction management recruiters
Joining all of these makes everything efficient both for the marketers and of course the consumers. No more need for excessive paid advertising. Marketers will only respond to the clients that really need their services or products. 메이저사이트
I’m happy I found this wle really feel free to let me know, i’m always look for people to examine out my site. Please stop by and leave a comment sometime! 메이저사이트
Excellent article. Very interesting to read. I really love to read such a nice article. Thanks! keep rocking. situs gacor hari ini
agen judi slot demo mustang777
It’s a very nice article. Thanks for sharing
Waterproofing Service In Delhi
Simply respecting your work and considering how you dealt with this web journal so well. It’s remarkable to the point that I can’t stand to not experience this significant data at whatever point I surf the web! keonhacai
Really good write-up, Appreciate it intended for giving That expertise. Excellently published document, but only if many blog writers made available identical higher level of information since you, the online world is a significantly better area. You need to thanks! Link ROYAL188
Wahanatogel Togel 5000 resmi terpercaya saat ini menyediakan banyak sekali member aktif setia menang berapapun kami bayar.
I can set up my new idea from this post. It gives in depth information. Thanks for this valuable information for all,.. situs slot777
Sbobet88 menghadirkan banyak provider besar, seperti : CMD Sports, WBET SPORTS, SBO SPORTS, SABA SPORTS, UNITED GAMING, BTI SPORT, dan masih banyak lagi.
It’s a good shame you don’t contain a give money button! I’d definitely give money for this fantastic webpage! That i suppose for the time being i’ll be satisfied bookmarking together with including an individual’s Feed that will my best Msn balance. That i appearance forward that will recent messages and definitely will share the web site utilizing my best Facebook or twitter team: ) Algarve
Greetings, I find perusing this article a delight. It is to a great degree supportive and fascinating and all that much anticipating perusing a greater amount of your work.. kèo nhà cái 5
I am upbeat to discover this post Very valuable for me, as it contains parcel of data. I Always like to peruse The Quality and happy I discovered this thing in you post. Much obliged kèo nhà cái
Superior Place, My organization is a great believer during ad opinions regarding online websites that will let the webpage novelists recognize that they’ve put in an item worthwhile that will the online market place! certified translator
omg! can’t imagine how fast time pass, after August, ber months time already and Setempber is the first Christmas season in my place, I really love it! ameme