by

Railway Industry in France

TGV 1

1. Industry Overview:

In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train.  SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.

>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en

Types of Train in France:

01-TGV

02-Lunea

03-Teoz

04-TER

06-Intercites

Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:

– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed

– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel

– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed

– Low marginal cost and high production cost

– Product can be sold in advance

– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.

However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.

– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)

– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats

———

 2. Space

Railway industry defines space implicitly.

Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.

 Economy Class:
01-Class2
 Comfort Class:

01-Class 1

Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.

01-TGV Bar

For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.

Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.

I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.

——

3. Time

Railway industry defines time implicitly.

Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.

However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively.  Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.

>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html

The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated.  Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.

——–

4. Price

Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.

Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.

Price at 1 week before departure
01-Price-1st class-10AM-1wk

Price at 2 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-2wk

Price at 3 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-3wk

Price at 4 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-4wk

Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.

The physical rate fences are the classes:
01-Booking-Class

 

The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty

01-Booking-Rate Fences-1

01-Booking-Rate Fences-2

01-Booking-Rate Fences-3

01-Booking-Rate Fences-4

As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.

 

(-Thao Ly)

——–

References:

http://www.raileurope.com

http://www.tgv-europe.com

http://www.sncf.co.uk/

Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods

Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry

 

176,523 thoughts on “Railway Industry in France”

  2. Substantially, the article is in reality the freshest on that noteworthy topic. I concur with your conclusions and definitely will eagerly look forward to your forthcoming updates. Saying thanks definitely will not simply just be sufficient, for the amazing lucidity in your writing. I definitely will ideal away grab your rss feed to stay abreast of any updates. Fabulous work and also much success in your business endeavors! bulb string lights

  3. I have learned some new elements from your web site about pcs. Another thing I have always imagined is that laptop computers have become a product that each family must have for several reasons. They supply you with convenient ways in which to organize homes, pay bills, go shopping, study, hear music and even watch television shows. An innovative strategy to complete many of these tasks is a laptop computer. These personal computers are portable ones, small, effective and lightweight. ucdm

  5. The best online slot sites offer a high win rate, reaching 98%, which provides a very guaranteed win guarantee. With direct access to hundreds of slot game titles from leading game providers, you can enjoy an unrivaled slot playing experience, full of excitement, innovation, and of course, the chance of big wins and easy maxwin. If you want to play slot games that always win and are easy to play, it’s only on our website https://webhoja.com/

  9. Embark on a captivating journey through the romantic world of marriage proposals and photography in New York City (NYC). Discover a comprehensive guide filled with unique proposal ideas and invaluable insights for first-time visitors to NYC. Explore the dynamic spirit of the city, capturing unique love stories and off-the-beaten-path attractions through the lens of a camera. Learn how to choose the perfect proposal ring and overcome proposal anxiety with heartfelt journeys. Dive into discussions on maximizing impact in photography, tips for capturing the perfect proposal, and a comprehensive guide to NYC City Hall weddings. Uncover the top 10 most photogenic spots for unforgettable wedding photos and find visual inspiration to add magic to your special moments. Whether it’s a marriage proposal, wedding, or exploration of NYC’s hidden gems, these resources encapsulate the charm, romance, and excitement of the city through the lens of love and photography.
    Surprise proposal arrangements

  10. Embark on a captivating journey through the romantic world of marriage proposals and photography in New York City (NYC). Discover a comprehensive guide filled with unique proposal ideas and invaluable insights for first-time visitors to NYC. Explore the dynamic spirit of the city, capturing unique love stories and off-the-beaten-path attractions through the lens of a camera. Learn how to choose the perfect proposal ring and overcome proposal anxiety with heartfelt journeys. Dive into discussions on maximizing impact in photography, tips for capturing the perfect proposal, and a comprehensive guide to NYC City Hall weddings. Uncover the top 10 most photogenic spots for unforgettable wedding photos and find visual inspiration to add magic to your special moments. Whether it’s a marriage proposal, wedding, or exploration of NYC’s hidden gems, these resources encapsulate the charm, romance, and excitement of the city through the lens of love and photography.
    Professional proposal planner

  11. HK SGP SDY leaks are information obtained from various trusted sources and careful statistical analysis. These leaks can help players make better decisions when placing lottery bets. By using lottery number leaks, players can obtain information about numbers that have a high chance of coming out in the lottery results. These leaks can include various factors such as number patterns, statistics, trends and predictions from lottery experts. For further information, you can visit our website https://angka-duga.land/

  14. Dalam era digital seperti sekarang, banyak permainan judi telah mengalami transformasi, termasuk togel. BO TOGEL adalah salah satu bentuk evolusi dari permainan togel konvensional yang telah lama ada di masyarakat

  16. Thanks for the tips on credit repair on this amazing web-site. What I would offer as advice to people will be to give up this mentality that they may buy at this point and shell out later. As a society all of us tend to do this for many things. This includes trips, furniture, and items we’d like. However, you have to separate a person’s wants from all the needs. While you are working to raise your credit score make some trade-offs. For example you possibly can shop online to economize or you can look at second hand suppliers instead of high priced department stores regarding clothing. um curso em milagres

  17. Hi, Neat post. There is a problem with your site in internet explorer, would test this… IE still is the market leader and a huge portion of people will miss your magnificent writing because of this problem. um curso em milagres

  18. In the diverse world of slot games, we can find interesting and entertaining themes. For example, we can find slots with an adventure theme in the middle of a mysterious forest, with symbols such as hidden treasures, exotic animals and soothing natural sounds. Or maybe we want to try a slot with a theme of wealth and luxury, with symbols such as sparkling jewels, luxury cars and stacks of cash. Each theme brings a unique and engaging experience, making us want to keep coming back to try our luck. For further information, you can visit our website https://bobstenstrom.com//

  19. Daarnaast zijn erkende vakmensen goed op de hoogte van de laatste ontwikkelingen op het gebied van inbraakpreventie. Of het nu gaat om het vervangen van een traditioneel slot of het installeren van een geavanceerd systeem, zij kunnen adviseren over de beste aanpak. Samenwerking met leveranciers van producten van hoge kwaliteit zorgt ervoor dat de nooddiensten en inbraakbeveiliging een solide oplossing vormen tegen toekomstige incidenten.Slotenmaker Utrecht installatieservice na inbraak

  20. I in addition to my friends have already been analyzing the great tips and hints found on your website and immediately developed a terrible feeling I never expressed respect to the blog owner for those strategies. Most of the people became as a result happy to read them and already have surely been having fun with those things. Many thanks for actually being simply kind and also for deciding upon these kinds of useful topics millions of individuals are really wanting to be aware of. Our own sincere regret for not saying thanks to you sooner. um curso em milagres

  21. Your blog content is insightful and original, captivating readers with every word. Your unique perspective shines through in each post, making it a must-read for your audience. Keep inspiring and informing!
    alasar laptops

  22. Your blog content is insightful and original, captivating readers with every word. Your unique perspective shines through in each post, making it a must-read for your audience. Keep inspiring and informing!
    alasar laptops

  23. whoah this weblog is excellent i love studying your posts. Keep up the good work! You recognize, many individuals are looking around for this info, you could help them greatly. um curso em milagres

  24. online slot games, games that are well known to betting players in general, have several important elements that need to be understood. One of them is the payline or payment line. Paylines are lines that form patterns on the reels where you have to match symbols to win prizes. Some games have fixed paylines, while others have paylines that can be adjusted or even use payline systems without paylines. For further information, you can visit our website https://rumputbatu.com/

  25. What your saying is absolutely genuine. I know that everybody must say the same matter, but I just think that you set it in a way that everybody can understand. I also enjoy the images you set in right here. They fit so nicely with what youre attempting to say. Im certain youll get to so a lot of individuals with what youve received to say. um curso em milagres

  28. hey there and thank you for your information – I have definitely picked up something new from right here. I did however expertise several technical issues using this website, since I experienced to reload the site lots of times previous to I could get it to load correctly. I had been wondering if your hosting is OK? Not that I am complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will often affect your placement in google and can damage your quality score if advertising and marketing with Adwords. Anyway I am adding this RSS to my e-mail and could look out for a lot more of your respective exciting content. Ensure that you update this again very soon.. navigate to this website

  29. ฟันธงฟุตบอลคืนนี้ บอลเต็ง หรือ บอลคู่เดียว เป็นต้นแบบการพนันยอดนิยมเป็นอย่างมากในวงการพนันบอลออนไลน์ เพราะเหตุว่ามีวิธีการเล่นที่ง่าย ไม่สลับซับซ้อน สามารถเริ่มเล่นได้ด้วยเงินลงทุนเพียงนิดหน่อย แม้กระนั้นก็สามารถทำกําไรได้สูงจากการวางเดิมพันเพียงแต่ครั้งเดียว สำหรับมือใหม่ที่กําลังจะเริ่มไปสู่โลกการพนันบอลออนไลน์ บอลเต็งก็เลยเป็นตัวเลือกที่ดีเยี่ยมที่สุด เพราะว่านอกเหนือจากจะไม่ยุ่งยากต่อการทำความเข้าใจแล้ว ยังช่วยลดการเสี่ยงของการขาดทุนสำหรับการเล่นแต่ละครั้งได้อีกด้วย

    ฟันธงฟุตบอลคืนนี้

  32. Great website. Plenty of helpful information here. I am sending it to some buddies ans additionally sharing in delicious. And certainly, thanks in your effort! um curso em milagres

  35. Online slot games are a form of betting game that can be played online. In this game, Each symbol has a different value, and there are also special or bonus symbols that can increase your chances of winning bigger prizes. Some bonus features commonly found in online slot games include free spins, additional games, and other special features. These bonus features provide additional opportunities to win bigger prizes and add an element of excitement to the game. For further information, you can visit our website https://roundrockwebdesign.com/

  37. Being a caregiver is something other than a job; it’s an excursion loaded up with challenges, rewards, and significant moments of association. In this handbook, we embark on a comprehensive exploration of the caregiver’s job, offering practical guidance, emotional support, and invaluable resources to aid you along the way. A Caregiver’s handbook

  39. Wow! This could be one particular of the most beneficial blogs We’ve ever arrive across on this subject. Actually Wonderful. I’m also an expert in this topic so I can understand your effort. um curso em milagres

  40. Online slot games are a form of betting game that can be played online. In this game, Each symbol has a different value, and there are also special or bonus symbols that can increase your chances of winning bigger prizes. Some bonus features commonly found in online slot games include free spins, additional games, and other special features. These bonus features provide additional opportunities to win bigger prizes and add an element of excitement to the game. For further information, you can visit our website https://furniturefactory.info/

  41. Thank you for any other magnificent post. Where else could anyone get that type of information in such a perfect way of writing? I’ve a presentation subsequent week, and I’m at the search for such information. um curso em milagres

  43. Good post here. One thing I’d like to say is most professional areas consider the Bachelor’s Degree just as the entry level requirement for an online certification. Even though Associate Qualifications are a great way to begin with, completing the Bachelors starts up many opportunities to various jobs, there are numerous online Bachelor Diploma Programs available by institutions like The University of Phoenix, Intercontinental University Online and Kaplan. Another issue is that many brick and mortar institutions offer Online versions of their degree programs but generally for a drastically higher price than the providers that specialize in online degree programs. um curso em milagres

  44. Gacor online slot games offer an experience full of unforgettable wins and excitement. In online slot games, you will find a variety of interesting themes, from adventures in the Wild West desert to fantasy worlds rich with mystery and magic. Each spin of the reels brings a new chance to hit big wins, and bonus features like free spins and extra games add excitement to the game. If you want to play slot games that always win and are easy to play, it’s only on our website https://datahk4d.land/

  47. Just wish to say your article is as amazing. The clearness in your post is simply nice and i can assume you’re an expert on this subject. Well with your permission let me to grab your feed to keep updated with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please continue the enjoyable work. um curso em milagres

  48. Keep up the fantastic work, I read few articles on this web site and I conceive that your web site is real interesting and has got bands of excellent info. um curso em milagres

  50. Online slot games are an exciting form of entertainment with a variety of inviting features and the opportunity to make big fortunes. In online slot games, you will experience extraordinary sensations and immersive excitement. With various interesting themes such as adventure, fantasy, music or sports, online slot games provide a unique and exciting gaming experience. Enjoy stunning graphics, entertaining sound effects and engaging animations that enrich your gaming experience. If you want to play slot games that always win and are easy to play, it’s only on our website https://linklist.bio/abutogel86

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *