1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Such a well written post.. Thnkx for sharing this post !! Also you can check my Best APK Download
Kitchen Fitters Hertford
First2Install Kitchen Installers Hertford are renowned professionals in the field, offering top-notch services to our clients. With a wealth of expertise and experience, we have established a solid reputation for delivering high-quality kitchen installations.
Our team comprises highly skilled craftsmen who are dedicated to ensuring every project is executed with precision and efficiency. From initial design concepts to the final touches, First2Install – Kitchen Installers Hertford strives for excellence in every aspect of our work. We understand that each client has unique requirements and preferences; therefore, we provide personalized solutions tailored to meet individual needs. As Kitchen Installers Hertford experts in our field, we stay up-to-date with the latest trends and techniques in kitchen installation, allowing us to offer innovative designs and functional layouts that maximize space utilization.
With our meticulous attention to detail and commitment to customer satisfaction, First2Install Kitchen Installation Specialists are an ideal choice for anyone seeking a professional team to transform their kitchen into a stunning and functional space.
You don’t need to worry about hiring separate contractors. First2Install’s team includes skilled professionals who can handle all aspects of the installation, including plumbing and electrical work. This ensures a seamless and coordinated process, saving you time and effort.
The duration of a kitchen installation depends on various factors, including the size of the kitchen, the complexity of the design, and the availability of materials. First2Install will provide you with a detailed timeline during the planning stag
https://fildenastores.com/fildena100
Thanks for sharing such a great information.. It really helpful to me..I always search to read the quality content and finally i found this in you post. keep it up!
melamine dinner set
i am addicted to computer games that is why i bought a gamecube for me and my brother** musical ensemble
I discovered your blog site site on the search engines and check several of your early posts. Always maintain up the very good operate. I recently additional increase Rss to my MSN News Reader. Looking for toward reading much more on your part later on!… ai earaser
#1 Ranked Vietnam Motorbike Tours – Save search time – 15 years experience arranging off-road dirtbike tours in Vietnam.
Hurry in & secure your spot today!vietnam motorbike tours
Rattling good information can be found on site . 툰코
Quickly this page probably will irrefutably maybe always be recognized regarding a lot of websites folks, for you to their careful articles or blog posts or perhaps ideas. diseño de paginas web en Tijuana
It is somewhat fantastic, and yet check out the advice at this treat. barista course near me
Many thanks for making the effort to talk about this, I feel strongly about this and like learning a great deal more on this subject. If feasible, as you gain knowledge, would you mind updating your weblog with a great deal more info? It’s extremely beneficial for me. Link PROFIT88
thanks for sharing.ley de divorcio en virginia
I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. I am hoping the same best work from you in the future as well. Thanks… agencia de diseño web en Monterrey
Hello there, other learners! Are you currently ready to jump in to the interesting earth of Blooket? If you’re scratching your face wondering what on the planet Blooket is, don’t worry, I’ve got you covered. Today, we’re planning to attempt a journey to discover the ins and outs of Blooket login and how it can discover a value trove of understanding activities for you.BLOOKET LOGIN
Все желающие могут смотреть лучшие фильмы 2024 года новинки онлайн всегда бесплатно без регистрации в хорошем качестве 4K, FullHD на всех доступных устройствах на странице онлайн-кинотеатра Filmy-2024 фильмы 2024
Все желающие могут смотреть лучшие фильмы 2024 года новинки онлайн всегда бесплатно без регистрации в хорошем качестве 4K, FullHD на всех доступных устройствах на странице онлайн-кинотеатра Filmy-2024 смотреть фильмы онлайн 2024
Maintain up the excellent work mate. This website publish shows how well you recognize and know this subject. 오피
Immigration Lawyers… […]the time to read or visit the content or sites we have linked to below the[…]… indo911 link alternatif
Все желающие могут смотреть лучшие фильмы 2024 года новинки онлайн всегда бесплатно без регистрации в хорошем качестве 4K, FullHD на всех доступных устройствах на странице онлайн-кинотеатра Filmy-2024 фильмы онлайн бесплатно 2024
Heya i’m for the first time here. I found this board and I to find It truly helpful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to provide something back and aid others such as you helped me. indo911 link alternatif
Thanks for every other excellent post. The place else may just anyone get that kind of info in such an ideal manner of writing? I’ve a presentation subsequent week, and I am at the look for such information. indo911 link alternatif
Все желающие могут смотреть лучшие фильмы 2024 года новинки онлайн всегда бесплатно без регистрации в хорошем качестве 4K, FullHD на всех доступных устройствах на странице онлайн-кинотеатра Filmy-2024 смотреть фильмы 2024
vietnam motorcycle tours
girls usually love to hear celebrity gossips, they are always into it., borzoi puppy
Great websitevietnam motorbike tour
exciting submit. i have Been questioning about this problem, so thank you for posting. pretty cool post.It ‘s actually very fine and useful put up.thanks situs slot
This website consistently provides engaging and insightful commentary. I always look forward to reading the latest posts. Sewa mobil semarang
Good content, hopefully useful for other readers, let’s explore this site. https://skynews.ph
лучшие фильмы 2024 года новинки онлайн всегда бесплатно без регистрации в хорошем качестве 4K, FullHD на всех доступных устройствах на странице онлайн-кинотеатра Filmy-2024 фильмы онлайн бесплатно 2024
Все желающие могут смотреть лучшие фильмы 2024 года новинки онлайн всегда бесплатно без регистрации в хорошем качестве 4K, FullHD на всех доступных устройствах на странице онлайн-кинотеатра Filmy-2024 фильмы 2024 бесплатно
Все желающие могут смотреть лучшие фильмы 2024 года новинки онлайн всегда бесплатно без регистрации в хорошем качестве 4K, FullHD на всех доступных устройствах на странице онлайн-кинотеатра Filmy-2024 фильмы 2024 в хорошем качестве
Thank you for enriching our online experience. Keep posting!
taya365
Thanks for providing recent updates regarding the concern, I look forward to read more. 128.199.80.55
Generally I do not read article on blogs, but I would like to say that this write-up very forced me to try and do it! Your writing style has been surprised me. Thanks, quite nice article. fignar gotas funciona
This is really interesting, You are an excessively skilled blogger. I have joined your rss feed and look ahead to in the hunt for extra of your great post. Also, I’ve shared your website in my social networks! fignar gotas é confiavel
One more issue is video games are typically serious as the name indicated with the main focus on studying rather than enjoyment. Although, it has an entertainment feature to keep your young ones engaged, every single game is generally designed to work towards a specific experience or programs, such as math or research. Thanks for your publication. fignar gotas
I appreciate how this website’s comment section encourages users to share their personal experiences and insights. It adds a human touch to the content Sewa hiace jakarta
I think this website holds very great pent written content blog posts. fignar gotas
I’d have got to consult you here. Which isn’t something It’s my job to do! I spend time reading a post which will make people believe. Also, many thanks for allowing me to comment! steroids Thailand
vietnam motorbikevietnam motorbike tour
Thanks for expressing your ideas. I would also like to state that video games have been ever before evolving. Technology advances and enhancements have assisted create authentic and interactive games. These kinds of entertainment video games were not actually sensible when the concept was first of all being used. Just like other kinds of technological innovation, video games too have had to evolve by many many years. This itself is testimony to the fast continuing development of video games. smart home control system
Thanks for expressing your ideas. innovation, video games too have had to evolve by many many years. This itself is testimony to the fast continuing development of video games. smart home control system
Nice blog and absolutely outstanding. You can do something much better but i still say this perfect.Keep trying for the best. jnetoto
hello!! Very interesting discussion glad that I came across such informative post. Keep up the good work friend. Glad to be part of your net community. jnetoto
I’d state which this can be a an excellent publish of the excellent individual, i am very happy to observe this particular. slot gacor terbaru
Normal appointments listed here are the easiest method to thanks for the work, that means that I am going to the website daily, searching for brand new, fascinating data. Numerous, thank you! slot gacor terbaru
I really happy found this website eventually. Really informative and inoperative, Thanks for the post and effort! Please keep sharing more such blog.
Also feel free to visit may web page check this link Ship Search.
vietnam motorbike tourvietnam motorbike tour
#1 Ranked Vietnam Motorbike Tours – Save search time – 15 years experience arranging off-road dirtbike tours in Vietnam. vietnam motorbike tours
#1 Ranked Vietnam Motorbike Tours – Save search time – 15 years experience arranging off-road dirtbike tours in Vietnam.
Hurry in & secure your spot today!vietnam motorbike tours