1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
It’s a game. Five dollars is free. Try it It’s not an easy game
->-> 카지노사이트
Tel çit ürünleri – Kafes tel ürünleri – Panel çit ürünleri – Tel örgü ürünleri – Bahçe çiti ve Bahçe teli – Çit telleri ve Panel çit fiyatları – Tel örgü fiyatları ve tel çit fiyatı Ankara içi hızlı montaj ekipleri ile sizlere hizmet vermekteyiz. Ankara tel çit fiyatı – Ankara tel örgü fiyatı – Ankara bahçe çiti ve teli yapımı konusunda Jiletli tel çit fiyatı ve uygulaması konusunda uzman ekiplerimiz var sayfalarımıza göz atmak isterseniz aşağıdaki blog adreslerimize bakmanızı tavsiye ederim signage kenya
This site is so uplifting! Where do you get all this info? I’ve been reading your articles and admire your style. Keep it up! Farmacias Discretas
This outstanding website deserves widespread recognition for its meticulous posts, reviews, and comments. It’s truly remarkable! Gamma Digital Innovation in California, United States
Your blog post is exceptional, and we’re sincerely thankful for it. It provides a wealth of valuable insights, precisely what I needed. Keep up the excellent work! TheCustom Boxes in California, United States
TOGEL88 | DAFTAR TOGEL88 | LOGIN TOGEL88 | TOGEL88 ASIA Daftar segera di situs Togel88 untuk mulai bermain permainan online terlengkap. Situs gacor gampang maxwin. Berapapun kemenangan Anda pasti akan terbayar lunas. Jaminan 100% Privasi dan keamanan Anda terjaga dengan baik bersama situs terbaik dan terpercaya Togel88.
AREASLOT | DAFTAR AREASLOT | LOGIN AREASLOT | AREASLOT Daftar segera di situs Areaslot untuk mulai bermain permainan online terlengkap. Situs gacor gampang maxwin. Berapapun kemenangan Anda pasti akan terbayar lunas. Jaminan 100% Privasi dan keamanan Anda terjaga dengan baik bersama situs terbaik dan terpercaya areaslot.
เว็บ เกม สล็อต เว็บ ตรง ที่หลากหลายและคุณภาพที่สูง รวมถึงความปลอดภัยที่มั่นคงในการทำธุรกรรมทุกชนิด ทำให้ mocha789 เป็นที่เชื่อถือได้ในการเดิมพันออนไลน์ เมื่อคุณเข้าสู่เว็บไซต์ของเรา
I really like your blog… Your blog wording so informative and creative. home knows
In search of excitement and fun in Raipur? Our Escorts in Raipur are eager to have fun with you! Don’t pass up this enjoyable opportunity. Make a reservation now! Our Raipur call girls are affordable and entertaining.
Informative blog! Thank you so much for enriching our online experience with your valuable contributions! philboss
Your articles offer profound insights and immense value. I’m inclined to bookmark your blog and revisit it regularly for updates. I eagerly anticipate uncovering more valuable information here and extend my best wishes for your future posts!
Z908 Drone 8K
Aw, this was a really nice post. In concept I wish to put in writing like this additionally ?taking time and precise effort to make a very good article?however what can I say?I procrastinate alot and by no means seem to get one thing done. siangtoto
similarblogs is a comprehensive platform that offers an extensive collection of similarblogs in various categories. Whether you are looking for inspiration, informative articles, or simply love exploring new blogs, similarblogs.com makes it easy to discover and connect with relevant content creators. With an intuitive interface and advanced search options, finding and following similar blogs has never been simpler. Expand your knowledge, connect with like-minded individuals, and stay up-to-date with the latest trends and insights through similarblogs
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. One Leonie Residences
lakutoto
I found it for him.. smile. So let me reword that: Thnx for the treat
Fantastic job! Your content is consistently engaging, informative, and thought-provoking.
Sugar Defender is a natural blood sugar support supplement formulated with clinically backed ingredients to promote healthy blood sugar levels.
Crafted by Jeffrey Mitchell, it aids in balancing blood sugar, increasing energy levels, supporting weight loss, and preventing brain fog. The liquid solution is easy to incorporate into your routine and contains key ingredients like Eleuthero, Maca Root, and Ginseng. Produced in an FDA-registered, GMP-certified facility, Sugar Defender is safe and effective, with no reported side effects.
https://sugar-defender-ca.ca/
ZenCortex is a new system made to help your hearing. It’s like a clever coach for your ears! This special tech mixes science and specific exercises to make you hear better, especially in noisy places.
ZenCortex acts like a super smart helper for your ears, especially in loud situations. It uses awesome technology and what scientists know about our brains to make sure we can hear properly.
https://zencortex–us.com/
ZenCortex is a natural supplement that boosts your hearing health, acting like a smart coach for your ears. Using advanced technology and scientific knowledge, it ensures your ears stay healthy, especially in noisy places.
Think of it as a super smart tool that helps you hear better amidst loud environments, utilizing cutting-edge techniques and insights from brain science.
https://zen-zencortex.ca/
LeanBiome is a natural supplement that helps people lose weight in a healthy way. It’s made in the USA and follows strict quality standards. The supplement contains good bacteria that improve the balance in our stomach, making us feel better.
Leanbiome
Quietum Plus is a natural supplement for better ear health. It uses special ingredients to improve hearing and reduce problems like tinnitus. The formula is made in the UK, following strict quality standards. It has natural elements without any harmful stuff.
Quietum Plus
Joint Genesis is a special thing that helps your joints stay healthy. It’s like a solution to keep your joints working well, especially as you get older. It has natural ingredients that are good for your joints. The special mix in Joint Genesis makes your joints move better, reduces pain, and keeps them healthy.
Joint Genesis
Joint Genesis is a daily supplement that helps people with joint pain. It’s like a friend for your joints, making them feel better. You take it every day, and it has natural ingredients to make your joints move smoothly without pain. It’s made in the USA and follows high-quality standards.
Joint Genesis
The data you have posted is extremely helpful. The destinations you have alluded was great. A debt of gratitude is in order for sharing.. where can i buy winstrol
ส่วนประกอบของลีน Wockhardt มีความปลอดภัยมากน้อยแค่ไหนกันแน่ ?
คนจำนวนไม่น้อยบางทีอาจสงสัยว่าการดื่มลีนไซรัป Wockhardt มีความปลอดภัยมากน้อยแค่ไหน และก็เมื่อเทียบกับการดื่มแอลกอฮอล์แล้วแบบไหนมีความปลอดภัยมากยิ่งกว่ากัน โดยเหตุนี้ในวันนี้พวกเราจะพาทุกท่านมาทำความรู้จักกับส่วนประกอบและก็ทำความเข้าใจในเรื่องเกี่ยวกับการไม่เป็นอันตรายสำหรับในการใช้งานที่เพื่อนสายลีนจำเป็นต้องศึกษาให้ดี ดังต่อไปนี้ https://leanbkk.net/
Discover the best way to learn chess with ProChessmates Academy. From mastering chess openings to strategic gambits, our expert coaches provide personalized training online. saitek mephisto chess trainer
situs judi bola so amazing, thank you this website very helpful
Smart Wifi Pill Dispenser Helps You Organize & Dispense Medications, Vitamins & Supplements for Up to 4 Straight Weeks with Audio/Visual Alerts & Convenient Phone App| Enjoy Easy Medication Management With Remote Monitoring for Patients & Families, Visiting Nurses, Caregivers & More
Smart Medication Dispenser
https://royalhoneyturkey.com/ # Best Male and Female Potency Enhancement online store
Son Dakika Haberler https://www.sitelike.org/similar/haberduyur.com/
Son Dakika Haberleri, Güncel Haberler, Gündem Haberler, İstanbul Haberleri, Ankara Haberleri, Tarafsız Ve Bağımsız İnternet Haber Sitesi – HaberDuyur.com
https://www.haberduyur.com/
Pendik Haberleri, Kartal Haberleri https://www.haberhakki.com/
Hiya, I’m really glad I’ve found this information. Today bloggers publish only about gossips and internet and this is really irritating. A good website with interesting content, that’s what I need. Thanks for keeping this web site, I’ll be visiting it. Do you do newsletters? Can’t find it. casino
Hello my friend! I wish to say that this article is amazing, nice written and include almost all important infos. I’d like to see more posts like this . casino
Is this a new post? i ask because i think i read the same article a month ago on hubpages. casino
Only a smiling visitant here to share the love (:, btw outstanding layout. casino
Hello, i believe that i saw you visited my web site so i came to “return the prefer”.I’m attempting to to find things to improve my web site!I guess its adequate to use a few of your ideas!! casino
Your comments are the key to making this blog an interactive space for learning and sharing.
주소모음
This is very interesting content! I have thoroughly enjoyed reading your points and have come to the conclusion that you are right about many of them. You are great. immediate proair website
Le débouchage Bruxelles est une nécessité courante, compte tenu des systèmes de plomberie souvent anciens et des défis posés par l’environnement urbain dense.
you love tulips, then you’ll surely adore this manicure!
crypto miner shop
i think i read the same article a month ago on hubpages
bose aviation headset
bitcoin miner antminer
AllWorks: Your Home’s New Best Friend for Seamless Services
In fast-paced modern living, homeowners often misrepresent various tasks and services, from home service to repairs and everything in between. Yet guiding the maze of service providers, scheduling conflicts, and quality assurance can often feel overwhelming.
Enter AllWorks – the beacon of hope for homeowners seeking seamless solutions. With an understanding of homeowners’ myriad challenges, AllWorks emerges as the ultimate ally, offering a comprehensive platform that streamlines and simplifies every aspect of home management. From routine maintenance to unexpected emergencies, AllWorks sets the stage for effortless coordination, ensuring that homeowners can focus on enjoying their homes without the hassle. Join us on a journey where convenience meets peace of mind, courtesy of AllWorks.
LocalSEO NYC offers targeted strategies to help businesses in New York City stand out online, attract local customers, and achieve their growth objectives.
neyox
BigCommerceSEOExperts empowers e-commerce businesses with tailored SEO solutions to increase visibility, attract more customers, and drive sales on the BigCommerce platform.
neyox
The blog post on the railway industry in France provides an insightful exploration of the country’s rail network and its significance. It delves into various aspects such as infrastructure, technology, and historical developments, offering a comprehensive overview. The detailed analysis sheds light on the challenges and innovations shaping the railway sector in France, making it an engaging read for enthusiasts and industry professionals alike. Through this post, readers gain valuable insights into the evolution and impact of France’s railway industry, highlighting its importance in transportation and economy. It serves as a valuable resource for understanding the dynamics of rail systems on a global scale.
New Jersey Domestic Violence Law
It’s a game. Five dollars is free. Try it It’s not an easy game!
->-> 토토사이트 .COM
Many people already know that online games are really fun to play, especially playing with friends, and here we also offer online games that will keep you entertained, just by visiting our website https://heylink.me/gacorfusototo/