1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Nice
check this: https://finanta.io
I genuine happy to reveal this web webpage on bing, exactly what I was scanning for. cravatte uomo cerimonia
It’s a game. Five dollars is free. Try it It’s not an easy game
->-> 카지노사이트
Dazzling post. I Have Been examining about this issue. So a commitment of thankfulness is all together to post. Totally cool post. It ‘s incredibly exceptionally OK and Useful post.Thanks. unblur-images – remove blur from photo ai
Explore top-notch Java Training in Ahmednagar at SevenMentor. Our expert-led courses cover the A to Z of Java programming, providing a solid foundation for beginners and advanced learners. With practical sessions and an industry-relevant curriculum, SevenMentor ensures you master Java skills for success.
I have read your blog it is very helpful for me. I want to say thanks to you. I have bookmark your site for future updates. abito uomo slim
coba kau rasakan lagi kemenangan ini! Markastoto
cari cuan modal tipis di Markastoto
online game can makes you earning some money Kimtoto
To set up a Netgear extender, plug it in an area with weak WiFi, connect to its network, access the setup page via browser, follow prompts to configure, and extend your WiFi coverage.
netgear extender wifi setup
cuan cuan life here Bandotslot
Just wanna admit that this is very helpful, Thanks for taking your time to write this.
Website: Layarkaca21
Hi, Neat post. There is a problem with your web site in internet explorer, would check this… IE still is the market leader and a big portion of people will miss your magnificent writing because of this problem. independent distributor ic microcontroller
I like your post. It is good to see you verbalize from the heart and clarity on this important subject can be easily observed… arapahoe county reckless driving lawyer
Everything has its value. Thanks for sharing this informative information with us. GOOD works! isitoto slot
Outstanding Service! Great Execution of their plans in work! They are just perfect! I would like to recommend them to everyone out there! You will not regret it! Alcohol Rehab Massachusetts
Great info! I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have abito uomo matrimonio
Being an island region, Phu Quoc is encircled by the monstrous ocean, so the staggering sea shores are key attractions here. Today, with the thrived the travel industry improvement, numerous lodgings and resorts have been worked to satisfy the needs of sightseers. Among the untainted sea shores in Phu Quoc, vacationers can’t miss Long Ocean side, Khem Ocean side, Though Ocean side, so on. These sea shores own great excellence with emerald water, smooth white sand and calm space. Nhà Đất Bà Rịa
The railway industry in France stands as a beacon of innovation and efficiency, where cutting-edge technology meets timeless tradition. Much like the precision of an embroidery digitizer, France’s railway sector embraces modern advancements to ensure seamless operations and passenger satisfaction. From high-speed trains whisking travelers across the country to intricate network systems connecting cities and regions, the French railway industry embodies excellence in engineering and logistics. With a rich history dating back centuries, France continues to lead the way in revolutionizing rail transportation, showcasing a commitment to progress and excellence that parallels the precision of embroidery digitizer technology.
This is a wonderful article, Given so much info in it, These type of articles keeps the users interest in the website, and keep on sharing more … good luck. 현금홀덤
Many homework on the continual hunt along with offstage on the road to winning. Definitely not attached, simple to-fall as a result of wayside; And not investigation, afterward into a path travel toward the black. completo slim fit uomo
Your website’s functionality is seamless. It’s evident that user experience was a top priority. Bostoto
A lot of people having an incorrect image about the cash advance loans or sometimes refer it as bad credit payday loans. calze termiche lana
Prestige Sancoale Goa is a residential project offering luxury living. With its luxury apartments, villas, hotels and you can even build your dream home with premium plots.
Dive into the electrifying realm of real money casinos, where every spin and every hand holds the potential for lucrative wins. From classic table games to cutting-edge slots, experience the adrenaline rush of playing for real stakes in an immersive online environment.
Online Casinos For Real Money
Your work here on this blog has been top notch from day 1. You’ve been continously providing amazing articles for us all to read and I just hope that you keep it going on in the future as well. Cheers! reggiseni al silicone
I was looking at some of your posts on this website and I conceive this web site is really instructive! Keep putting up.. Wind Turbine Generator
escort service in delhi
Delhi escort service
Your article is extremely helpful exceptionally fascinating subject i am looking that sort of post thank for imparting to us keep it up. abiti di laura biagiotti
are refurbished phones as good as new?
Refurbished phones can be a great alternative to new phones for a few reasons:
Cost-effective: They are significantly cheaper than new phones, sometimes by hundreds of dollars. You can get a high-end phone at a much lower price.
Environmentally friendly: Reusing a phone reduces the environmental impact of manufacturing a new one, which requires a lot of raw materials and energy.
Quality and Reliability: Reputable retailers refurbish phones thoroughly, testing them and replacing any faulty parts. They often come with a warranty as well.
Here are some things to keep in mind though:
Limited selection: You might not be able to find the absolute latest phone model refurbished.
No original packaging: You probably won’t get the original box or all the original accessories, like headphones.
Software updates: Depending on the age of the phone, you might not get the latest software updates.
Overall, refurbished phones are a good choice if you want to save money and reduce your environmental impact, without sacrificing quality. Just be sure to buy from a reputable seller and check the warranty terms.
https://zextons.co.uk/product/iphone-11-pro-max-refurbished-unlocked/
Finding the right words to console สล็อตออนไลน์ someone who’s going through a difficult time can be challenging for anyone.
Jelajahi potensi bisnis wisata Anda dengan situs web yang memukau dari Jasa Buat Website Wisata. Dengan desain yang memikat dan fungsionalitas yang unggul, mereka akan membawa pengalaman online bisnis Anda ke tingkat berikutnya!
You have a genuine capacity for composing one of a kind substance. I like how you think and the way you speak to your perspectives in this article. I concur with your mindset. Much obliged to you for sharing. abito uomo cerimonia
We have the Top Class Kolkata Escorts Service which will provide you with what you need. We guarantee that all the girls on our site are well-educated, delicious, and professional. They have great personalities and serve their clients with the utmost respect.
Thank you I have learned something you have brought up. For that reason, I also want to share about Jasa SEO so that all of you can understand them too
This is the right blog for anyone who wants to find out about this topic. You realize so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I actually would want…HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a topic thats been written about for years. Great stuff, just great! Skrota bilen
Thank you for the very helpful information, MineBeauty who recommends skincare that can prevent acne so that your skin is smooth and bright, don’t miss it, visit the website. https://minebeauty.wixsite.com/tips
For a captivating description, consider this: “Indulge in the savory allure of I love salt e-liquid, crafted for the true connoisseur. Our premium blend offers a unique and satisfying experience, perfect for those who appreciate a dash of luxury in every puff. Dive into a world where flavor meets sophistication, and elevate your vaping experience with our exquisite salt e-liquid collection.”
Singapore insight Breaking Borders: International Relations and Singapore insight Role on the Global
Explore Singapore insight diplomatic endeavors and international engagements, shedding light on its contributions to global affairs and partnerships with nations worldwide.
#singaporeinsight,#insightsingapore
Web:-
singaporeinsight
I might want to thank you for the endeavors you have made recorded as a hard copy this article. I am trusting a similar best work from you later on also. Truth be told your exploratory writing capacities has motivated me to begin my very own BlogEngine blog now. Extremely the blogging is spreading its wings quickly. Your review is a fine case of it. abito uomo sartoriale
وان ایکس بت سایت شرط بندی وان ایکس بت یکی از پیشروان صنعت شرط بندی آنلاین است که برای علاقهمندان به بازیهای شانس و شرط بندی فراهم شده است. این سایت با حدود دو دهه فعالیت در این حوزه، توانسته است جایگاهی برجسته در بین سایتهای شرط بندی آنلاین دست و پا کند.
This is a brilliant blog! I’m very happy with the comments!.. reckless driving attorney
I’ve really noticed that repairing credit activity needs to be conducted with tactics. If not, you will probably find yourself destroying your standing. In order to succeed in fixing your credit score you have to ensure that from this second you pay all of your monthly dues promptly in advance of their slated date. It’s really significant given that by definitely not accomplishing this, all other activities that you will choose to use to improve your credit rank will not be useful. Thanks for sharing your strategies. buy verified trustpilot reviews
Are you navigating the perilous maze of traffic violations in Alexandria, VA? Don’t let legal complexity disrupt your peace of mind. Our experienced team of traffic law specialists is ready to help you navigate the turbulence with confidence and expertise.traffic lawyer alexandria va
The 1xBet promo code 1XBIG777 can be used when registering a new account at 1xBet.com to get the biggest available welcome bonus up to $130. Claim the Bonus: Once your deposit is confirmed, go to the “My Account” section and select “Bonuses and Offers.” You’ll find the 1xBet first deposit bonus listed there. Click “Activate” or “Claim” to receive the bonus. Meet the Wagering Requirements: Every bonus comes with wagering requirements. how to use 1xbet free bet promo code
I have read your article, it is very informative and helpful for me.I admire the valuable information you offer in your articles. Thanks for posting it.. nexian4d.cfd
The passion you have for your subject matter shines through on every page of your website. It’s contagious! Bostoto
https://genericbucket.com/product/tacroz-ointment-tacrolimus-0-03/
About Tacroz Ointment 20 gm
Tacroz Ointment 20 gm belongs to a class of drugs called ‘immunosuppressants’ used to treat moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (eczema). Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a common skin condition associated with inflamed and itchy skin patches. The symptoms include itchy, dry, flaky, swollen, rough and irritated skin.Tacroz Ointment 20 gm contains ‘Tacrolimus’ that works by suppressing the over-reaction of immune cells in the skin to a stimulus. Thus, it reduces allergic reactions and inflammation (redness and swelling).
Use Tacroz Ointment 20 gm as prescribed. You are advised to use Tacroz Ointment 20 gm for as long as your doctor has recommended it for you based on your medical condition. Some people may experience itching, burning sensation, redness, pain or skin tingling. Most of these side effects of Tacroz Ointment 20 gm do not require medical attention and gradually resolve over time. However, if the side effects persist or worsen, please consult your doctor.
Please tell your doctor if you are allergic to Tacrolimus or other medicines. If you are pregnant or a breastfeeding mother, it is advised to consult a doctor before using Tacroz Ointment 20 gm. Avoid alcohol consumption with Tacroz Ointment 20 gm as it may cause flushing (sudden reddening of face or skin that makes you feel warm and hot). Do not cover or wrap the treated area with a bandage or dressing. Avoid smoking or going near naked flames as the fabric (bedding, clothing, dressings) in contact with Tacroz Ointment 20 gm catches fire and burns easily.
Uses of Tacroz Ointment 20 gm
Treatment of Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
Medicinal Benefits
Tacroz Ointment 20 gm contains Tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant used to treat moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (eczema) in adults who are not adequately responsive or are intolerant to topical corticosteroids and in children (above 2 years) who failed to respond adequately to topical corticosteroids. Tacroz Ointment 20 gm suppresses the overreaction of immune cells in the skin to a stimulus. Thus, it reduces allergic reactions and inflammation (redness and swelling).
Directions for Use
Wash your hands before and after applying Tacroz Ointment 20 gm. Apply it as a thin layer on the clean and dry affected skin area as prescribed by your doctor. Tacroz Ointment 20 gm is only for external use. Avoid contact with eyes, nose or mouth as it may irritate. If Tacroz Ointment 20 gm accidentally comes in contact with these areas, rinse with water thoroughly.
Storage
Tacroz Ointment Store in a cool and dry place away from sunlight
Side Effects of Tacroz Ointment 20 gm
Itching
Burning sensation
Redness
Pain
Skin tingling.
Thank you for consistently providing high-quality content that challenges my thinking and broadens my perspective. Your blog is a gem!