1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
More on Absolute URLs and Relative URLs
This internet site can be a walk-through it really is the internet it suited you about it and didn’t know who to question. Glimpse here, and you’ll certainly discover it. puravive
You have done a great job. I will definitely dig it and personally recommend to my friends. I am confident they will be benefited from this site. 英文補習
untuk mencari permainan slot yang sedang trend kunjungi kami di https://www.cairojazzfest.com
Thanks for sharing nice information with us. I like your post and all you share with us is up to date and quite informative, I would like to bookmark the page so I can come here again to read you, as you have done a wonderful job. 英文補習
Just admiring your work and wondering how you managed this blog so well. It’s so remarkable that I can’t afford to not go through this valuable information whenever I surf the internet! 英國二手樓盤
I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this informative blog. https://dxb.yachts/
I might want to thank you for the endeavors you have made in composing this article. I am trusting the same best work from you later on too.. 英國二手樓盤
Looking for a laptop? Check out PhoneU.ca for a wide selection of quality laptops for sale! Browse now for great deals!
Snokido is a website that hosts a variety of online games, including arcade, action, adventure, and puzzle games. It’s a popular platform where users can play games directly in their web browsers without needing to download anything. They often feature a wide selection of games catering to different interests and age groups. If you’re into gaming, it can be a fun place to explore new titles!
very good informative blog. looking forward more informative blogs .
Affiliate Marketing Course In Hyderabad
The WNITOGEL SITE is a provider of a list of the best and most trusted slot sites in Indonesia, online 24 hours, selling safety and security when playing, slots dare to guarantee that all participant data is safe, I really like it, and I look forward to hearing from you further. Thank you for the information regarding the most popular news today this year. For more complete information, please visit our website for further information WNITOGEL the largest and most trusted online game site in Asia.
Money Heist costumes capture the iconic red jumpsuits adorned with Salvador Dali masks, symbolizing the heist’s identity. Money Heist Costumes
If you think about the most complete gacor slot games, what is going through your head is definitely the most popular, best and most profitable type of online slot game agent. The cartoon visuals of each game become more realistic like a film, thereby increasing the comfort of playing. Currently, various game recording systems on the best and most trusted online slot game sites create slot jackpots that appear in just a matter of hours. For clearer information, you can visit our website https://hokiselelu.org
Previous to you decide to create your own checklist to add an idea associated with what camping checklist ought to. Really … A listing can be greater than what you need. 더킹플러스
اكتشف أفضل وأرخص صيدلية في الوطن العربي مع مجموعة واسعة من الأدوية والمنتجات الصحية بأسعار معقولة. تسوق الآن واستفد من العروض الحصرية والتوصيل السريع
https://cyan-pharmacy.com/
It’s a joy reading your content.It contains the information I am looking for.
The Asia Gacor agent site offers a variety of slot games to suit each player’s preferences. Do you enjoy the simplicity of traditional three reel slots or prefer the best gacor slot experience today. I really like it, and I look forward to hearing from you next. Thank you for the information regarding the most popular news today this year. For more complete information, please visit our website for further information https://kateringaja.com
You can fulfill all your sexual dreams which you have not yet fulfilled. All our Escorts in The Leela Ambience Convention Hotel will try their best effort to fulfill all those dreams of yours. Because all these girls love their work very much.
Dive into the collective wisdom of Reddit’s VPN discussions to uncover the top contenders for online privacy. Discover why PIA VPN leads the pack with its expansive server network and stringent privacy policies, making it a favorite for those prioritizing anonymity and security. Join the conversation and find the best VPN according to the Reddit community’s insights. Website: reddit best vpn 2024
Thanks for posting valuable information one gram gold pendants
Great Publish, I’m a large believer within publishing remarks upon websites in order to allow weblog authors realize that they’ve additional some thing beneficial in order to the internet! tỷ lệ bóng đá 88
Websites that understand the importance of offering excellent resources at no cost are ones I want to visit. I really enjoyed reading your post, therefore I’m grateful that you shared it.Gurgaon designer boutiques
That is really nice to hear. thank you for the update and good luck. pool deck resurfacing in arkansas
The interactive features on 뉴토끼 allow for meaningful engagement between readers and creators.
I’ve bookmarked your website because it contains valuable information. The articles are of high quality, and I’m thankful for that. 補習社
Operations are the lifeblood of a company Nigoal business,
fantastic article I enjoyed looking at your webpage. I don’t comment very frequently, but I have to give you a thumbs up for merit! I appreciate you sharing your expertise. Click to Get ₱600
high quality backlink website click now https://phonpegirl.in
It’s late finding this act. At least, it’s a thing to be familiar with that there are such events exist. I agree with your Blog and I will be back to inspect it more in the future so please keep up your act. hrms globex
foxbet168 สล็อตเว็บไซต์ใหญ่ เว็บไซต์ตรง แตกง่าย ด้วยเกมสล็อตออนไลน์ลิขสิทธิ์แท้ ส่งตรงจากค่ายใหญ่ พร้อมบริการครบวงจร ทุกเกมอัดแน่นด้วยประสิทธิภาพ จากเว็บไซต์ตรงไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ ผ่านโครงข่ายที่มีความมีประสิทธิภาพ ค้ำประกันผลกำไรบวกยับ โบนัส แจ็คพอตแตกแน่นอน สนุกสนานกับเกมมากไม่น้อยเลยทีเดียวมากมายแบบอย่าง จากค่ายใหญ่รวมไว้มากยิ่งกว่า 30 ค่าย
มีเกมสล็อตทุกต้นแบบ ทุกแนว ให้ท่านเลือกเล่นตามความนิยม ด้วยแบบอย่างเป็นเอกลักษณ์ผิดแผกแตกต่าง แม้กระนั้นทุกเกมมอบเงินรางวัลสูง มีวิธีการเล่นง่ายไม่สลับซับซ้อนยุ่งยาก สามารถทำความเข้าใจง่าย ใช้เวลาไม่นานคุณก็สามารถเริ่มลงทุนกับเกม สล็อตเว็บไซต์ใหญ่ เว็บไซต์ตรง แตกง่าย มีฟีพบร์พิเศษเยอะแยะ ตัวช่วยอีกมากมาย ทำเงินกันแบบรัวๆรับผลตอบแทนมากเพิ่มขึ้นหลายเท่าตัว ก็เลยมีนัมายากลงทุนให้ความชื่นชอบ เข้ามาใช้บริการกันอย่างสม่ำเสมอ
foxbet168
Gacor slots offer stunning visuals and immersive sound effects that make the game come alive. Enjoy a gaming experience like no other as you embark on thrilling adventures and engage in heart-pounding action. Each game is designed with meticulous attention to detail, ensuring that players are completely immersed in the virtual world. I really like it, and I look forward to hearing from you next. Thank you for the information regarding the most popular news today this year. For more complete information, please visit our website for further information https://www.deviantart.com/mlbbviral
I saw your writing once, but I’m spending my day looking at your writing every day well. If I had known your writing before, I would have seen it sooner. Thank you. I’m looking at it well. samehadaku
I went to this website, and I believe that you have plenty of excellent information, I have saved your site to my bookmarks.
รูเล็ตฝากถอนออโต้
bj88 là địa chỉ cá cược trực tuyến uy tín hàng đầu Việt Nam và Châu Á. Đơn vị luôn nỗ lực đầu tư để mang đến hệ sinh thái trò chơi đẳng cấp cùng dịch vụ chất lượng nhất. Nhờ đó trang web đã nhanh chóng thu hút số lượng hội viên đông đảo
I have been reading out a few of your posts and i must say nice stuff. I will surely bookmark your site. Home appliances repair in al barsha
Thoughts talk within just around the web control console video clip games have stimulated pretty professional to own on microphone as well as , resemble the perfect “tough guy” to positively the mediocre ones. Basically fundamental problems in picture gaming titles. Drug Recovery porno
79king là một nhà cái cá cược trực tuyến được thành lập từ năm 2016. Với sự phát triển không ngừng, hiện nay 79King đã trở thành một trong những nhà cái hàng đầu tại châu Á và đặc biệt là tại Việt Nam.
This should include inquiries into its business practices, financial transactions, and customer complaints, with a view to holding the company accountable for any wrongdoing and protecting consumers from further harm. mogul press
new88 được đánh giá từ cộng đồng người chơi là một nhà cái siêu chất lượng, là địa điểm hoàn hảo để khởi nghiệp trong giới bet thủ mà bạn không thể bỏ qua. New88.network là địa chỉ mạng mà tất cả cược thủ chuyên nghiệp đều ưu tiên lựa chọn.
ดูหนัง mission impossible อัพเดทหนังใหม่ หนังดี ดูง่าย รวมหนังดังจากค่ายต่าง ๆ Netflix, Disney+, Viu ,Wetv และอื่นๆ อีกมากมาย ให้ท่านได้รับชมแบบพรีเมี่ยมเสียงภาพชัดโดยไม่เสียค่าใช้จ่าย ดูหนังHD หนังไม่มีโฆษณา ดูหนังใหม่ หนังไม่กระตุก หนังดูผ่านโทรทัศน์ หนังมาสเตอร์ หนังพากย์ไทย หนังซับไทย หนังฝรั่ง หนังจีน หนังเกาหลี หนังการ์ตูน ดูหนังมากกว่าหมื่น ๆ เรื่อง มีทั้งหนัง 2023 หนังชนโรง หนังใหม่อัพเดท หนังบู๊ หนังผจญภัย สารคดี หนังดูง่ายไม่กระตุก ดูหนังผ่านมือถือ เว็บดูหนังใหม่ ดูหนังครบทุกเรื่อง หนังช่องออนไลน์ หนังฝรั่ง Netflix หนังคมชัด 720 1080 HD FullHD 4K ดูหนังผ่านเว็บไซต์ ดูหนังผ่านมือถือ Tablet iPhone iPad Android ดูหนังใหม่ หนังออนไลน์ ดูหนังฟรี ดูหนังออนไลน์HD หนังเต็มเรื่อง ดูหนัง 2023
ดูหนัง mission impossible
I conceive this web site holds very excellent indited content material posts . https://www.eastmatecarbon.com/graphite-electrode/
Clear Ring is the ultimate lead-tracking software for marketing agencies and their clients. It allows marketers to automatically measure and evaluate the success of their marketing efforts with call tracking, form tracking, and direct chat tracking. call tracking
Is this a new post? i ask because i think i read the same article a month ago on hubpages. buy usdt lebanon
I conceive this web site holds very excellent indited content material posts . Calcined Petroleum Coke
We offer expert support for netgear setup wifi extender, ensuring peace of mind and seamless restoration in case of device resets or failures. Our team provides comprehensive assistance to safeguard your network configurations, preserving your setup’s integrity and minimizing disruptions to your connectivity experience.
bj88 là địa chỉ cá cược trực tuyến uy tín hàng đầu Việt Nam và Châu Á. Đơn vị luôn nỗ lực đầu tư để mang đến hệ sinh thái trò chơi đẳng cấp cùng dịch vụ chất lượng nhất. Nhờ đó trang web đã nhanh chóng thu hút số lượng hội viên đông đảo
Clear Ring integrates with leading ad platforms to reveal the exact keywords clicked and the web pages visited prior to making a call. By taking away the guesswork about successful tactics, users optimise their performance for greater success best call tracking
This is exactly what I was looking for.. really simple to install, totally free just had to register to download, thanks crypto lebanon
Hello there, I found your site via Google while looking for a related topic, your website came up, it looks great. I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks. buy usdt using whish lebanon