1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
I actually pleasantly surprised together with the study you actually manufactured to make this special upload unbelievable. Excellent hobby! cá cược bóng đá
I admit, I have not been on this web page in a long time… however it was another joy to see It is such an important topic and ignored by so many, even professionals. I thank you to help making people more aware of posible issues 不鏽鋼
Lodha Iscon Ambli located in Ahmedabad, is a highly anticipated residential project by Lodha Group known for its exceptional construction quality and opulent amenities. It offers a variety of living spaces including 2, 3, and 4 BHK apartments designed to deliver a contemporary and comfortable lifestyle. The development boasts luxurious features such as a clubhouse, swimming pool, landscaped gardens, and more. Strategically situated in Ambli, it provides convenient access to schools, hospitals, shopping centers, and other necessary conveniences making it the perfect abode for modern living.
The reviews on 먹튀슈퍼맨 are thorough and unbiased, making it easy to trust the platform’s recommendations.
I have a similar interest this is my page read everything carefully and let me know what you think. 먹튀사이트
Most of the time I don’t make comments on websites, but I’d like to say that this article really forced me to do so. Really nice post! Funlab zelda pro controller
“Reddy Anna Recommends: Personalized Book Suggestions Just for You”
Let Reddy Anna be your literary guide, offering personalized recommendations tailored to your reading preferences and interests.https://reddyanna.shop/
เสริมจมูกเชียงใหม่ โดยแพทย์ ศัลยกรรมความงามเฉพาะทาง
Certificate จากอเมริกาและเกาหลีhttps://lawcommission.gov.np/en/?p=1236#comment-1441232
และทีมแพทย์ ประสบการณ์กว่า 16 ปี
ลูกค้ากว่า 10,000 เคส ปลอดภัย ได้มาตรฐาน
Acheter des Colis Perdus L aventure commence ici ! Amazon, Laposte, Cdiscount, Fnac Vivez une expérience exceptionnel avec nous Nos NPAI vous attendent! Colis perdu
I truly awed after read this in light of some quality work and educational contemplations . I just wanna express profound gratitude for the essayist and want you to enjoy all that life has to offer for coming!. 訂造不銹鋼
ajwa dates online are a variety of dates that hold significant cultural, historical, and nutritional importance, particularly in Middle Eastern and South Asian regions. Revered for their unique taste, rich texture, and myriad health benefits, Ajwa dates have garnered widespread attention not only as a delicious snack but also as a superfood with numerous therapeutic properties.
ajwa dates online are a variety of dates that hold significant cultural, historical, and nutritional importance, particularly in Middle Eastern and South Asian regions. Revered for their unique taste, rich texture, and myriad health benefits, Ajwa dates have garnered widespread attention not only as a delicious snack but also as a superfood with numerous therapeutic properties.
This is a wonderful article, Given so much info in it, These type of articles keeps the users interest in the website, and keep on sharing more … good luck. 무료웹툰주소
I think this is a better than average article. You make this data intriguing and lock in. You give perusers a considerable measure to consider and I welcome that sort of composing. 不鏽鋼
This is the type of information I’ve long been trying to find. Thank you for writing this information. Digital marketing projects
This was a truly awesome chalenge and ideally I can go to the following one. It was alot of fun and I truly had a ball.. 訂造不銹鋼
TCU Football extends its influence beyond the game. Support programs and community initiatives demonstrate the team’s commitment to making a positive impact. who bats first
I stumbled upon your blog recently, and I’m so glad I did! Your writing style is engaging, and your topics are diverse and intriguing. I’m now a regular reader and eagerly await your next post!
tata yodha 1700
I recently noticed your website back i are generally looking through which on a daily basis. You’ve got a loads of information at this site so i actually like your look to the web a tad too. Maintain the best show results! Bagnall Haus Freehold Condo
This is very educative I have really learnt a lot from this. I hope you guys keep sharing such information with us to expand our understanding. Going to share it now in my blog here… Angular buttons
Fascinating post. I Have Been pondering about this issue, so a debt of gratitude is in order for posting. Really cool post.It ‘s truly exceptionally pleasant and Useful post.Thanks cnc wood router machine
Hitech city escorts
Thank you for sharing such valuable insights. Really helpful!
hastag tiktok agar fyp
Thanks for sharing this quality information with us. I really enjoyed reading. Will surely going to share this URL with my friends. togel dulu
Thank you Superb article. When I saw Jon’s email, I know the post will be good and I am surprised that you wrote it man! 웹툰사이트
This is a truly good site post. Not too many people would actually. the way you just did. I am really impressed that there is so much information about this subject that have been uncovered and you’ve done your best. with so much class. If wanted to know more about green smoke reviews. than by all means come in and check our stuff. 電動手推車
online slot games It is probably one of the phenomena that cannot be avoided in this modern digital world. Playing online slot games is nothing new. But it has become widely popular and known to all classes of people around the world. Although some people may think that playing slot games doesn’t have the educational or entertainment value that it should, slot games can actually be a fun experience. and have incredible enjoyment
Online slot games come in a variety of formats and themes. This allows players to freely choose to play according to their preferences and interests. Be it fantasy, adventure, cartoon, or even volcano and phoenix themed games. Everyone can easily find games that suit their tastes and interests.
Besides having fun The game สล็อตpgแท้ online also allows you to gamble and have a chance to win real money Please click which makes many people interested in trying their luck in playing slot games. But you must be careful that playing online slot games is risky. Because higher bets can also result in losing money.
It is possible to see playing online slot games having an impact on the mental health of some people. Especially when these games are so widely accepted by such a broad swath of our culture. Playing online slot games has the risk of developing serious gambling when large amounts of money are spent. Additionally, playing online slot games can be a factor that affects society. Because it can cause public problems such as drug and alcohol addiction or other addictive substances.
Therefore, playing online slot games is not without consequences. But it depends on how we take advantage of playing this game. Awareness of the risks and self-control in playing are important to help us enjoy playing online slot games in a healthy and safe way.
It is truly a well-researched content and excellent wording. I got so engaged in this material that I couldn’t wait reading. I am impressed with your work and skill. Thanks. diseño de paginas web en cancun
I am unquestionably making the most of your site. You unquestionably have some extraordinary knowledge and incredible stories. 電動手推車
It is the best portal to pay bills online within minutes without any complication. It avails maximum possible flexibility to users to complete their tasks in real quick time. Apart from bill payments it also avails most popular and reputed brands products to customers in affordable prices. PayTM came into existence in 2010. 電動手唧車
For a long time me & my friend were searching for informative blogs, but now I am on the right place guys, you have made a room in my heart! Bagnall Hau
Idiotic and additionally trusting people at the same time can be an obstacle, on aged and also fully grown folk assembled also will follow a complication. Age and also embryonic concern together. 手推車仔
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. Big thanks for the useful info 電動手唧車
An interesting dialogue is price comment. I feel that it is best to write more on this matter, it may not be a taboo topic however usually individuals are not enough to talk on such topics. To the next. Cheers. 電動手推車
It is a fantastic post – immense clear and easy to understand. I am also holding out for the sharks too that made me laugh. 동작구출장안마
Nice post! This is a very nice blog that I wil definitively come back to more times this year! Thanks for informative post. 手推車仔
Some genuinely great info , Glad I found this. forex robot
During this site, you will see a website, you must realise the following details. play boy job
During this site, you will see a website, you must realise the following details. play boy job
Just admiring your work and wondering how you managed this blog so well. It’s so remarkable that I can’t afford to not go through this valuable information whenever I surf the internet! Bagnall Hau
Hii am sunita and thanks for share this. I am doing ccsp exam preparation
By and by, I have discovered that to remain presumably the most interesting points when it attracts a parallel to. You may discover a few new levels inside L . a . Weight reduction and any one somebody is unfathomably significant. Beginning stage might be genuine liquefying ceaselessly rrn the body. get in shape 手推車仔
Did you know that shot blasting machines are not just for large-scale industrial applications? There are portable and compact models available, making them accessible to small businesses. Shot Blasting Machine
I am impressed with this site, really I am a fan . download film porno
wow this good but ,I like your post and good pics may be any peoples not like because defrent mind all poeple , 手推車仔
My friend mentioned to me your blog, so I thought I’d read it for myself. Very interesting insights, will be back for more! 電動手唧車
Thank you again for all the knowledge you distribute,Good post. I was very interested in the article, it’s quite inspiring I should admit. I like visiting you site since I always come across interesting articles like this one.Great Job, I greatly appreciate that.Do Keep sharing! Regards, 電動手推車
Some truly wonderful content on this web site , appreciate it for contribution. memek
This slot game tests our luck, who knows, we might get a big jackpot with just one spin. But if you want to play and continue to get big wins, you can visit our website https://pajero888.org
Zeus138 Login
adalah situs judi online terpercaya yang menyediakan akses ke beragam provider slot terbaik. Di bawah ini, kami akan membahas 14 provider slot terpercaya yang tersedia di situs Zeus138.