1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Good learn to skill peacefull
kubet
I have fun with, lead to I discovered exactly what I was looking for. You have ended my four day lengthy hunt! God Bless you man. Have a great day. Bye GreenHerbs
Sangat informatif! Saya suka cara Anda menyajikan informasi ini. fungsi jasa penerjemah
This is a great inspiring article. I am pretty much pleased with your good work. You put beneficial information. Keep it up. Keep blogging. I am looking forward to reading your next post.
Plainfield il auto repair
“Your blog has become a daily ritual for me, and I can’t imagine starting my day without it. Thank you for consistently filling Phenoman gummies my life with positivity and inspiration.”
Setiap poin dijelaskan dengan sangat baik. Gejala Demam Berdarah
บาคาร่าออนไลน์เว็บตรง ไม่มีขั้นต่ำ ทำกำไรแบบ Infinity กลายเป็นเศรษฐีชั่วข้ามคืน
เพราะเราเป็นเว็บไซต์คาสิโนออนไลน์ที่เปิดให้บริการด้านเกมพนันออนไลน์เต็มรูปแบบ เว็บไซต์ BOSSBET99 มีรูปแบบเกมที่ทำผลกำไรให้แก่ผู้เล่นของเราได้แบบไม่คาดคิดคาดฝันกันเลย จึงทำให้ผู้เล่นของเรากลายเป็นเศรษฐีแบบไม่ทันได้รู้เนื้อรู้ตัวกันเลย กับการเล่นเกมจากเว็บบาคาร่าออนไลน์ ของเรา และยังมีบริการฝากถอนที่เป็นระบบ AI ที่มีความทันใจและให้ความแม่นยำ จึงทำให้ผู้เล่นของเราไม่ต้องรอนาน และมีธุรกรรมทางการเงินที่มีความโปร่งใสและมั่นคง จึงทำให้ผู้เล่นของเรารู้สึกสบายใจที่สุดกับการเล่นเกมจากเว็บไซต์ยอดนิยมของเรา.
เมื่อคุณต้องเครียดกับการงานที่ยุ่งยากลองหาความสุขกับเว็บบาคาร่าเว็บตรง อันดับ1 ของเรากันได้เลยคุณจะพบกับความตื่นเต้นเร้าใจได้ตลอด กับการเล่นจากเว็บของเรา อย่างแน่นอนเพราะเรามีการพัฒนาเว็บของเราอยู่ตลอด ให้ทุกท่านได้รับชมการไลฟ์สดจากสาวแสนสวย และเซ็กซี่จากคาสิโนโดยตรงกันเลยทีเดียว ด้วยภาพระดับ HD ที่มีความคมชัดเห็นกัน แบบชัดแจ๋ว จึงทำให้ผู้เล่นบาคาร่าเว็บตรง ได้อรรถรสที่สุด กับการเล่นเกมจากเว็บไซต์ของเราและยังมีห้องเกม เว็บบาคาร่า ที่เยอะมาก ให้ท่านได้เลือกสรรได้อย่างเต็มอิ่มมีสาวๆหลากหลายเชื้อชาติให้ท่านได้รับชมได้แบบเต็มตาได้ตลอด 24 ชั่วโมงกันเลยทีเดียว
Cool you inscribe, the info is really salubrious further fascinating, I’ll give you a connect to my scene. bra
This blog has Kerassentials become my go-to place for a dose of optimism. The world needs more content like this!
I stumbled upon this blog on a tough Kerassentials day, and it instantly turned my mood around. Grateful for the positive vibes it consistently provides.
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. Therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article.
Travertine honing and polishing fl
I simply wanted to thank you a lot more for your amazing website you have developed here. It can be full of useful tips for those who are actually interested in this specific subject, primarily this very post. Your all so sweet in addition to thoughtful of others and reading the blog posts is a great delight in my opinion. And thats a generous present! Dan and I usually have enjoyment making use of your recommendations in what we need to do in the near future. Our checklist is a distance long and tips will certainly be put to excellent use. خرید میکرو کریستالین سلولز (آویسل)؛ قیمت میکروکریستالین سلولز
Curiosity is powerful. When you embrace this Nigoal123 Slot mindset your heart will open up more easily and you will feel free to explore there.
Experienced professional with a strong background in lab testing instruments manufacturing and quality control. Specialised in testing instruments & producing salt spray test chambers and other measuring equipment to meet industry standards. Proven track record of delivering high-quality products and ensuring customer satisfaction.
This is a great inspiring article. I am pretty much pleased with your good work. You put beneficial information. Keep it up. Keep blogging. I am looking forward to reading your next post.
Experienced mechanics Las Vegas
This is a great inspiring article. I am pretty much pleased with your good work. You put in really very helpful information.
Experienced mechanics Las Vegas
This is the first time I am visiting here and I found so much interesting stuff in your blog, especially its discussion. Thank you.
Experienced mechanics Las Vegas
Ide-ide yang disampaikan sangat kreatif. Heavy Duty Roller Extra Durable
The website is looking a bit flashy and it catches the visitor’s eyes. The design is pretty simple and has a good user-friendly interface.
West Denver joint pain relief
Fantastic blog you have here but I was wondering if you knew of any forums that cover the same topics discussed here? I’d really like to be a part of group where I can get advice from other knowledgeable individuals that share the same interest. If you have any recommendations, please let me know. Thanks!
업소알바
Informasinya sangat akurat dan terpercaya. 4 Jenis Nyamuk Berbahaya
Thanks for posting, maybe we can see more on this. Are you aware of any other websites on this subject . Really impressed! Everything is very open and very clear clarification of issues. It contains truly facts. Your website is very valuable .
토토사이트
If you want to buy the best quality reusable paper towels and become eco friendly take a look at the listed website. These are bamboo paper towels and bamboo towels are environmentally friendly paper towels
Satu hari tour Bintan & Treasure Bay Berangkat dari Batam Rp 450.000 / Orang. All in. | Altari Tour & Travel
Your website is really cool and this is a great inspiring article. Thank you so much. NVM Makelaar
สล็อต เว็บ ตรง แตก หนัก789 สล็อต เว็บ ตรง แตก หนัก789 คุณก็สามารถลุ้นรับโบนัสแจ็คพอตและเงินรางวัลได้โดยไม่ต้องพึ่งพาที่อื่น ท่านสามารถเข้าร่วมสนุกเล่นเกมสล็อตได้ทันที เพียงแค่สมัครสมาชิกให้พร้อม และทำการฝากระบบการเงินผ่านวอเลท การฝากถอนของเว็บไซต์ เป็นระบบอัตโนมัติทำให้คุณไม่จำเป็นต้องรอช้าๆคิดถึงการยืนยันการฝากระหว่างช่วงเวลารูปแบบใดๆ
เว็บ สล็อต แตก หนัก คุณจะได้ลองเล่นเกมสล็อตทุกค่ายได้ฟรีๆ เพื่อให้คุณมั่นใจและชื่นชมในความสามารถของคุณในการเล่น เว็บไซต์ของเรายังมีการถอดโบยบายแห่ง “สูญปัญหา” เพื่อให้คุณสามารถถอดโหิดปัญหาการชำระเงินผ่านกระแสเงินโปร่ง เพียงแค่ไม่กี่ขั้นตอน
เว็บ สล็อต แตก หนัก หากคุณกำลังมองหาเว็บไซต์สล็อตออนไลน์ที่ให้ประสบการณ์การเล่นที่ดีและมีโอกาสในการชนะรางวัลเยอะแยะ ไม่ต้องกังวลต่อไป เพราะเรามีคำแนะนำที่จะช่วยให้คุณพบกับ ” ซึ่งเป็นเว็บไซต์ที่มีชื่อเสียงและถูกรับปริญญาจากผู้เล่นจำนวนมาก
I have been checking out a few of your stories and i can state pretty good stuff. I will definitely bookmark your blog Download HappyMod APK
This article is an appealing wealth of informative data that is interesting and well-written. I commend your hard work on this and thank you for this information. You’ve got what it takes to get attention. Download HappyMod APK
Sangat senang menemukan blog sebagus ini Heavy Duty Roller Standard
This is something I actually have to try and do a lot of analysis into, thanks for the post Python
Prop Firm Forex
Introducing a new way to maximize your profit potential in Forex trading. The power of a prop firm forex. If you’re energetic about trading and prepared to take your abilities to a higher level, joining a prop firm could be the distinct advantage you’ve been searching for.
It is rather very good, nevertheless glance at the data with this handle. Mashoki
Valuable information. Lucky me I found your website by chance, and I am surprised why this twist of fate didn’t happened in advance! I bookmarked it. سایت انفجار پولساز
Genießen Sie mit dem VapeCenterPro Vape ein unvergleichliches Dampfvergnügen, das Sie begeistern wird. VapeCenterPro
The blog written is extremely impressive, with a great topic. 카지노
The role of a Social Media Agency Dubai extends beyond managing digital platforms; it embodies a commitment to innovation, creativity, and strategic thinking. As businesses navigate the ever-evolving landscape of social media, agencies serve as trusted partners, guiding them through the complexities of online engagement with expertise and insight.
Gaur Wave City Ghaziabad is a premium residential project by Gaur Group. The project offers 2/3/4 BHk luxury apartments in a prime location with world class amenities such as clubhouse, robust security.
Joker123
나는 이것이 유익한 게시물이라고 생각하며 매우 유용하고 지식이 풍부합니다. 따라서이 기사를 작성하는 데 많은 노력을 기울여 주셔서 감사합니다. 먹튀검증
I can see that you are an expert at your field! I am launching a website soon, and your information will be very useful for me.. Thanks for all your help and wishing you all the success in your business. garasiqq
https://www.stahlrohr-fittings-flansche.com/edelstahl-316-316l-flansche.html
확실히 그것의 모든 조금을 즐기십시오. 그리고 나는 당신의 블로그의 새로운 내용을 확인하기 위해 당신이 즐겨 찾기에 추가했습니다. 반드시 읽어야 할 블로그입니다! 토토사이트추천
It’s time to choose the high-peak time for your sex goals because these things will ensure sexy and erotic Colva Beach Call Girl pleasure all the time for you.
Thanks for sharing the such information with us to read this… bitcoin code
It is rather very good, nevertheless glance at the data with this Mashoki
nice blog ChatGPT for healthcare
Páginas Web León Guanajuato para Impulsar tu Presencia en Línea,Diseño Profesional y Soluciones Digitales de Vanguardia en León GTO. diseño de paginas web leon gto
Great to see your website.
Please visit us here : Keratonbet