1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
I’ve been searching for some decent stuff on the subject and haven’t had any luck up until this point, You just got a new biggest fan!.. högklackat boots
Really Great Display. I am Reading This Article Now. Amazing! Buy Google Reviews
Nice to be visiting your blog again, it has been months for me. Well this article that i’ve been waited for so long. I need this article to complete my assignment in the college, and it has same topic with your article. Thanks, great share. international trade
Jeunesse重視香港及遠至世界各地人們的健康，研發的Reserve沛泉菁華具神奇功效，它是一款擁有超強抗氧化成份的純植物性濃縮果汁，Reserve 沛泉菁華搭配協同成份黃金比例完美平衡配方 · 對逆轉老化功效產生複方加乘效果，有效延緩老化現象。美味的超級水果營養凝膠含有巴西紫莓、紅石榴、黑櫻桃、葡萄、藍莓、有益心臟的白藜蘆醇、綠茶、葡萄籽提取物和蘆薈。 每天飲用沛泉菁華， 助您對抗自由基。
沛泉菁華
Thanks for a nice post. I really love it. It’s so good and so awesome. JAMB has made it publicly known to everyone that the scores in your O level have a lot to do with your chances of admission to the higher institutions. 2021 waec runz, . For this reason, you should strive for A’s in the 2021 WAEC exam.
Thanks for a nice post. I really love it. It’s so good and so awesome. JAMB has made it publicly known to everyone that the scores in your O level have a lot to do with your chances of admission to the higher institutions. 2021 waec runz, . For this reason, you should strive for A’s in the 2021 WAEC exam.
Nice blog and absolutely outstanding. You can do something much better but i still say this perfect.Keep trying for the best. commercial power washing
Thanks for a nice post. I really love it. It’s so good and so awesome. JAMB has made it publicly known to everyone that the scores in your O level have a lot to do with your chances of admission to the higher institutions. 2021 waec runz, WAEC runz,2021 waec expo,2021 waec dubs,waec expo, waec dubs . For this reason, you should strive for A’s in the 2021 WAEC exam.
Thanks for picking out the time to discuss this, I feel great about it and love studying more on this topic. It is extremely helpful for me. Thanks for such a valuable help again
마이크로게임
Ankara tabela : Reklam sektöründe profesyonelliği ve kaliteyi her zaman ön planda tutup öncü firma olma yolunda emin adımlarla ilerlemeyi ve güvenilir olmayı misyon edinmiş bir firmayız. https://www.garagereklam.com.tr
Fabulous post✅ you have denoted out some fantastic points regarding✅
agri grains
I will visit again for more quality✅ contents and also I recommend this site to all who are✅
KBC lottery number check online 2021 airtel
Great work✅ This is the type of information that should be shared around the web. I also have some information related to on my website✅
Fildena 100 mg
Nice post. I was checking constantly this blog and I am impressed! Extremely helpful information specially the last part ✅
endownment insurance singapore
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wished to say that I have truly enjoyed surfing around your blog posts. In any case I will be subscribing to your rss feed and I hope you write again soon 먹튀신고
oxycontin 80mg order oxycontin 80 mg online street value of 80 mg oxycontinBefore starting treatment with opioids, a discussion should be held with patients to put in place a strategy for ending treatment with oxycodone to minimize the risk of addiction and drug withdrawal syndrome.oxycontin 80mg oxycontin 80mg is not intended for use as a pen analgesic.Increasing severity of pain will require an increased dosage of oxycontin 80 mg tablets, using the 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg tablet strengths, either alone or in combination, to achieve pain relief. The correct dosage for any individual patient is that which controls the pain and is well tolerated for a full 12 hours. Patients should be titrated to pain relief unless unmanageable adverse drug reactions prevent this. If higher doses are necessary, increases should be made in 25% – 50% increments. The need for escape medication more than twice a day indicates that the dosage of oxycontin 80mg tablets should be increased.
oxycontin-80-mg/
Text whatapp :+1( 732 ) 924 – 5146
email:support@appletreemeds.com
https://www.appletreemeds.com/product/oxycontin-80-mg/
ethereum to paypal
Sell Ethereum for PayPal in dollars at a favorable rate on the site of Exchanger24. Only we can transfer cash out Ethereum to PayPal for real money for your wallet in 5 minutes.
Jeunesse 香港網上購物商店，銷售Jeunesse 官方婕斯貨產品，保証正貨，包括多種婕斯營養及肌膚護理產品，歡迎香港及其他地區人士網上訂購，提供免費送貨優惠。重新定義年輕，打破個人紀錄，改變人生，年輕漾世代。婕斯家人充滿熱情，堅信透過專屬的創新產品與改變人生的機會。
婕斯產品
I am very enjoyed for this blog. Its an informative topic. It help me very much to solve some problems. Its opportunity are so fantastic and working style so speedy.
Buy & sell
꽁머니 지급 및 환전가능 토토사이트 정보를 제공하는 꽁벳은 꽁머니를 지급하는 토토사이트 중에서도 먹튀없는 무사고 안전놀이터만을 우선적으로 선별하여 보증금 제도를 통한 2차 검증 시스템으로 꽁머니를 안전하게 환전받을 수 있는 메이저사이트만을 추천드리는 꽁머니, 가입머니 지급 토토사이트 전문 검증업체 입니다. 토토 꽁머니
Hi! Great work. I have read many blogs earlier but haven’t read such a beautiful post before. Thanks for sharing such a remarkable work.
For More:
https://www.kellytechno.com/Hyderabad/Course/devops-training
Wow, cool post. I’d like to write like this too – taking time and real hard work to make a great article… but I put things off too much and never seem to get started. Thanks though. Best Bookkeeping Services
Situs ini menyediakan Prediksi Togel HK, SGP, Sydney Paling Jitu. Data Pengeluaran, Result, Keluaran Totobet Hongkong, Singapore Pools PrediksI Sdy Jitu
We are a full service transportation company providing a host of transportation services to meet our customers distinct needs. truck dispatching company
This article is very good, I think this is one example of an article that really helps readers to easily understand the contents of this discussion. Don’t forget to visit my site joker123
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب
سپتیک تانک فاضلاب به مخزنی گفته می شود که از ان برای تصفیه فاضلاب استفاده می شود معمولا از سپتیک تانک فاضلاب در رستوران ها،صنعت ساختمان سازی،مراکز تفریحی و تجاری،مناطقی که از فاضلاب محروم هستند،هتل ها و…کاربرد دارد.سپتیک تانک فاضلاب ساده ترین روش تصفیه اما اقتصادی و کاملا استاندار می باشد.سپتیک تانک فاضلاب مزایای فراوانی دارد که همین مزایا و خصوصیات موجب شده است تا از ان بسیار استفاده شود از مزایای ان می توان به قیمت مناسب،پیشگیری از الودگی و تخریب محیط زیست،بدون صدا و ایجاد بوی بد،عمر طولانی و…اشاره کرد.سپتیک تانک فاضلاب از جنس پلی اتیلن و بتن و فایبرگلاس در ابعاد مختلف تولید و طراحی می شود.
all the time i used to read smaller content which as well clear their motive, and that is also happening with this post which I am reading now. Thank you, I have just been searching for information about this topic for ages and yours is the greatest I’ve discovered till now. But, what about the conclusion? Are you sure about the source? Appreciating the hard work you put into your blog and detailed information you provide. It’s nice to come across a blog every once in a while that isn’t the same outdated rehashed information. Excellent read! I’ve bookmarked your site . Article writing is also a excitement, if you be acquainted with then you can write or else it is complex to write. 우리카지노
Wonderful post! We will be linking to this particularly great article on our website. Keep up the good writing. I am so thrilled I found your webpage, I really found you by mistake, while I was browsing on Askjeeve for something else, Nonetheless I am here now and would just like to say thanks for a tremendous post and a all round interesting blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to read through it all at the minute but I have book-marked it and also added in your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a great deal more, Please do keep up the fantastic work. I always used to read paragraph in news papers but now as I am a user of web thus from now I am using net for articles or reviews, thanks to web. 먹튀검증
Situs playsbo terbaik dan agen gabungsbo terpercaya di indonesia dengan tampilan yang mobile friendly dan banyak link alternatif sbobet lain nya. Mari bergabung.
Selamat datang situs playsbo terbaik dan agen gabungsbo terpercaya se Indonesia. Memiliki lisensi resmi dari perusahaan PAGCOR, tentu saja keaslian situs kami tidak perlu diragukan lagi. Bukan hanya berasal dari PAGCOR saja, melainkan situs kami juga memperoleh lisensi resmi dari perusahaan judi lainnya. Memiliki jumlah member hingga jutaan orang, tentu saja akan disayangkan apabila anda tidak berlangganan dengan kami. Jika anda kewalahan dalam melakukan login judi bola, alangkah baiknya untuk segera berlangganan dengan kami. Bukan tanpa alasan, melainkan situs kami menyediakan banyaknya link alternatif.
Dimana link alternatif tersebut memberikan kemudahan dan juga kepraktisan yang terjamin. Sehingga, anda pun tidak perlu bersusah payah dan menggunakan banyak waktu hanya untuk melaksanakan taruhan. Bahkan, kemudahan kali ini dapat anda lihat di proses pendaftaran. Anda hanya perlu melakukan pengisian kolom pendaftaran dengan baik dan benar. Jika sekiranya sudah diselesaikan dengan sempurna, anda hanya perlu menunggu waktu 5 menit saja. Anda harus tahu, bahwa kepuasan member merupakan salah satu upaya kami untuk menghadirkan situs judi ini sebagai situs terdepan.
gabungsbo
You’re so interesting! I do not think I have read something like that before. So wonderful to find someone with some original thoughts on this topic. Seriously.. many thanks for starting this up. This web site is something that is required on the web, someone with a bit of originality. Greetings I am so thrilled I found your blog, I really found you by error, while I was researching on Yahoo for something else, Regardless I am here now and would just like to say many thanks for a incredible post and a all round enjoyable blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to go through it all at the moment but I have saved it and also added in your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a lot more, Please do keep up the awesome work. 우리카지노
Useful info. Lucky me I found your site accidentally, and I am surprised why this twist of fate did not took place earlier! I bookmarked it. An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a co-worker who was doing a little homework on this. And he actually bought me dinner simply because I stumbled upon it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending time to discuss this issue here on your internet site. Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine some unrelated information, nonetheless truly worth taking a appear, whoa did one find out about Mid East has got much more problerms too 먹튀검증
My organization is ın a position to counsel often superior and in some cases in control tips, then realize it all: visit this link
Hey, its nice post thanks for sharing this with us
Sonalika Tractor
Hey, just looking around some blogs, seems a pretty nice platform you are using. I’m currently using WordPress for a few of my sites but looking to change one particular of them over to a platform similar to yours as a trial run. Anything in particular you would recommend about it? I was trying to find this. Really refreshing take on the information. Thanks a lot. It wasn’t good. Lots of slow walking, no smiles, no attempt at engaging the customers, no thank you’s. whoah this blog is magnificent i love reading your articles. Keep up the great work! You know, a lot of people are hunting around for this info, you could help them greatly. Thank you for sharing. This is a very nice blog. 온라인카지노
Excellent website! I adore how it is easy on my eyes it is. I am questioning how I might be notified whenever a new post has been made. Looking for more new updates. I am incapable of reading articles online very often, but I’m happy I did today. It is very well written, and your points are well-expressed. I request you warmly, please, don’t ever stop writing . This article is very interesting information. It has helped me a lot. Thank you very much for providing this quality information in an easy-to-understand manner. Our site also provides high-quality information, so it will be helpful for your site. 먹튀검증
Your blog has piqued a lot of real interest. I can see why since you have done such a good job of making it interesting. I appreciate your efforts very much. scarlett johansson biography
I am really grateful towards the owner on this web page who has
shared this enormous post at here.
고스톱
Excellent post. I was checking constantly this website and I am impressed!
Very helpful info particularly the last part 🙂 I take care of such
information much. I used to be seeking this particular info for
a long time. Thanks a lot and better of luck.
토토사이트웹
Togel singapore merupakan salah satu pasaran togel online yang paling diminati oleh penjudi diseluruh dunia.
Excellent step. I really appreciate the Open discussion thing as it encourages us.
جهت ورود به سامانه رهگیری مرسولات پستی کلیک کنید
سامانه کد یکتا املاک و اسکان
I love reading meaningful and valid information. I found good info on your blog; you are indeed a great webmaster.
سامانه کد یکتا املاک و اسکان
After I originally left a comment I seem to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on every time a comment is added I receive four emails with the same comment. Perhaps there is an easy method you are able to remove me from that service? Many thanks! Greetings! Very helpful advice in this particular article! It’s the little changes which will make the most important changes. Many thanks for sharing!| You are so interesting! I do not think I’ve read a single thing like this before. So wonderful to find someone with a few original thoughts on this subject. Really.. thank you for starting this up. This site is something that’s needed on the internet, someone with a bit of originality! Its hard to come by educated people about this subject, however, you seem like you know what youÃre talking about! Thanks 먹튀폴리스
I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post. translate blonde to spanish
Hi, This is a nice article you shared great information I have read it thanks for giving such a wonderful Blog for the reader. Interesting post. I Have Been wondering about this issue. so thanks for posting. Pretty cool post.It ‘s really very nice and Useful post.Thanks. Your content is nothing short of brilliant in many ways. I think this is engaging and eye-opening material. Thank you so much for caring about your content and your readers. 메이저놀이터
hey what a terrific put up i have come upon and believe me i have been looking for for this comparable kind of post for past per week and rarely came throughout this. Thanks very an awful lot and will search for greater postings from you. very informative publish ! There is lots of statistics right here that may assist any business get started out with a successful social networking campaign ! It’s far a very interesting weblog publish. I often go to your posts for my undertaking’s assist approximately diwali bumper lottery and your superb writing skills truly go away me shocked. Thank you lots for this post. Exciting blog i have to say, the statistics and records written here are correct. Black leather-based bike jacket 먹튀사이트
What i do not realize is if truth be told how you’re no longer actually a lot more smartly-liked than you may be right now. You are very intelligent. You realize therefore considerably relating to this matter, made me for my part believe it from so many various angles. Its like men and women aren’t fascinated until it is something to do with Girl gaga! Your personal stuffs outstanding. Always maintain it up! Well I truly liked studying it. This subject provided by you is very practical for correct planning. What’s up, I read your blog daily. Your writing style is 메이저놀이터
Most of whatever you assert is astonishingly legitimate and it makes me ponder the reason why I hadn’t looked at this with this light before. This particular piece truly did turn the light on for me personally as far as this issue goes. Nevertheless there is actually one factor I am not too comfortable with so whilst I make an effort to reconcile that with the core theme of your position, allow me observe just what all the rest of the readers have to say.Well done. I’m really digging the template/theme of this blog. It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s very hard to get that “perfect balance” between usability and appearance. I must say that you’ve done a fantastic job with this. Also, the blog loads very fast for me on Chrome. Excellent Blog ! Great work ! This is the type of information that are supposed to be shared across the internet. 메이저사이트
This is a really well written article…I’ll make sure to bookmark it and come back to read more of your useful info..This design is incredible! You obviously know how to keep a reader amused..Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog.(well, almost…HaHa!) Wonderful job. I really enjoyed what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it.Hello There. I found your blog using msn. 안전놀이터
I’m glad to locate this say very beneficial for me, because it consists of lot of are seeking for. I constantly choose to admission the man or woman content and this case i discovered in you proclaim. thank you for sharing. I was truly thankful for the useful info on this fantastic subject along with similarly prepare for much more terrific messages. Many thanks a lot for valuing this refinement write-up with me. I am valuing it significantly! Preparing for an additional excellent article 안전놀이터