1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Bocoran Slot Gacor Hari Ini merupakan peran penting sebagai alternatif para bettor slot kelas dunia dalam memperoleh keuntungan atau uang jajan tambahan dalam kurun waktu singkat
Pilihan yang tepat petualangan Anda Daftar Slot Gacor Via Bank Mandiri permainan yang sangat populer di kalangan pemain judi online. Dengan berbagai variasi tema dan fitur menarik, permainan ini mampu memberikan pengalaman bermain yang seru dan menghibur.
I am all that much satisfied with the substance you have specified. I needed to thank you for this extraordinary article. 夜用 m 巾
I regard this article for the especially researched substance and sublime wording. I got so incorporated into this material that I couldn’t stop examining. I am awed with your work and bent. Thankful to you to such a degree. 經濟補習
A portable fish finder has other benefits too. They are light-weight and simple to use. Plus they let you use a fish finder in eventualities where you will not be able to employ a fixed one. 夜用 m 巾
เว็บนาซ่า The best websites for you!!!
ที่นอกเหนือจากการที่จะมีความปลอดภัยสำหรับในการพนันแล้ว ยังมีบริการระบบการเล่นที่ล้ำสมัยเล่นเกมได้ไม่ยั้ง ไม่ต้องเสียเวล่ำเวลาลงทะเบียนเป็นสมาชิกหลายยูสเซอร์ สามารถเล่นเกมได้ทุกค่ายในยูสเซอร์เดียว PG SLOT บนปากทางเข้าที่ยอดเยี่ยมฝาก-เบิกเงินไม่มีอย่างต่ำ
เพิ่มความสนุกแล้วก็ได้อรรถรสสำหรับการเล่นเพิ่มมากขึ้น สัมผัสความเพลิดเพลินด้วยตัวเองได้อย่างง่ายดายบนโทรศัพท์มือถือได้ทุกรุ่น ซึ่งสามารถเชื่อมต่ออินเทอร์เน็ตได้ สมัครเป็นสมาชิกเล่น เว็บไซต์สล็อตชั้น 1 ของโลก ที่เว็บได้ตลอด 1 วัน พร้อมบริการระบบพนันที่นำสมัย ค้ำประกันความสนุกสนานร่าเริงซึ่งสามารถสร้างรายได้กล้วยๆทุกเมื่อเชื่อวันพอดีนี่ เว็บไซต์สล็อตชั้น 1 ของโลก
You guardians do an astounding web diary, and have some unfathomable substance. Continue doing extraordinary. 護墊推薦香港
I’m continually scanning on the web for posts that will support me. An excess of is obviously to find out about this. I trust you made great quality things in Functions too. Continue working, congratulations! m 巾推薦
I’d constantly want to be update on new content on this website, bookmarked! General
Very efficiently written information. It will be beneficial to anybody who utilizes it, including me. Keep up the good work. For sure i will check out more posts. This site seems to get a good amount of visitors. Blooket hacks
I would state, you do the genuinely amazing.This substance is made to a wonderful degree well. 物理補習
Incredible insights! A big thank you to the Administrator for generously sharing this valuable information. I’ve explored numerous sections of your website and must say, your blog is truly exceptional. Please continue imparting these remarkable narratives. Your dedication to sharing quality content is truly appreciated. We are providing news and latest information about cryptocurrency, if you have any doubt about crypto we are here to guide you. For more information click here How To Create Ethereum Wallet With MEW? .
That’s the reason center on it’s essential to precise ground moves well before writing. Might be attainable so that you can extra advisable text that way. WINBOX
I really like your blog. Great article. It’s most evident, people should learn before they are able to 物理補習
Revenue management is crucial. Revenue is needed for life’s basic essentials like car oil change. Changing the engine oil of your car will prolong it’s useful life. My choice for oil change is Take 5. They are expensive but worth it. If you are wondering why Take 5 is expensive, I’ve written a blog post just for you. why is take 5 oil change so expensive.
That appears to be excellent however i am still not too sure that I like it. At any rate will look far more into it and decide personally! 物理補習
It is actually all at once a great put which i quite savored surfing. Is not really routine that give the outlook to see items. preston florist delivery
Click here to visit Study in UK blog
Good post of the day.ข่าววอลเลย์บอล
Awesome review, I am a major devotee to remarking on web journals to educate the web journal scholars realize that they’ve added something beneficial to the internet!.. 經濟補習
The professional look of hardbox packaging elevates the entire unboxing experience.
jasa pembuatan hardbox
It is actually all at once a great put which i quite savored surfing. Is not really routine that give the outlook to see items. instant hot water dispenser
I am unquestionably making the most of your site. You unquestionably have some extraordinary knowledge and incredible stories. 經濟補習
Cheap Replica Handbags You guide me by sharing this toolbox i face problem whenever i exploit this promotion reading your blog i am able to easily use. soundcloud
It is actually all at once a great put which i quite savored surfing. Is not really routine that give the outlook to see items. local garage door repair companies
As I website possessor I believe the subject material here is rattling fantastic , appreciate it for your efforts. บาคาร่า
I’ve been researching a really interesting subject, and this is one of the most crucial bits of knowledge. z11 strain I enjoyed reading your essay, too.I appreciate you sharing!
Fabulous post, you have denoted out some fantastic points, I likewise think this s a very wonderful website. I will visit again for more quality contents and also, recommend this site to all. Thanks. achat de commentaires
Fabulous post, you have denoted out some fantastic points, I likewise think this s a very wonderful website. I will visit again for more quality contents and also, recommend this site to all. Thanks. achat de commentaires
It is actually in a similar fashion an awesome write-up i always most certainly savored investigating. It’s not at all really day-to-day i always cultivate the method to seek out a single thing. silk blouse
What a thrilling post, you have pointed out some excellent points, I as well believe this is a superb website. I have planned to visit it again and again. acheter commentaire instagram
The content is utmost interesting! I have completely enjoyed reading your points and have come to the conclusion that you are right about many of them. You are great, and your efforts are outstanding! acheter commentaires instagram
I personally like your post; you have shared good insights and experiences. Keep it up. 裝修設計
Incredible posting this is from you. I am really and truly thrilled to read this marvelous post. You’ve really impressed me today. I hope you’ll continue to do so! 裝修公司
I was impressed with the site that you created, so memotipasi many people to be more advanced, there also kunjugi me, as a comparison gartenpflege buchholz
Blooket offers a wide range of game formats, including quizzes, flashcards, and team challenges, catering to diverse learning preferences. Blooket
I’m impressed, I must say. Very rarely do I come across a blog thats both informative and entertaining, and let me tell you, you ve hit the nail on the head. Your blog is important.. galabau lüneburg
Oh my goodness! a tremendous article dude. Thank you Nonetheless I’m experiencing difficulty with ur rss . Don know why Unable to subscribe to it. Is there anybody getting equivalent rss problem? Anybody who is aware of kindly respond. Thnkx soundcloud
Hello, I have browsed most of your posts. This post is probably where I got the most useful information for my research. Thanks for posting, maybe we can see more on this. Are you aware of any other websites on this subject. Vape Cart
Thanks for a very interesting blog. What else may I get that kind of info written in such a perfect approach? I’ve a undertaking that I am simply now operating on, and I have been at the look out for such info. acheter commentaires instagram
Great post i must say and thanks for the information. Education is definitely a sticky subject. However, is still among the leading topics of our time. I appreciate your post and look forward to more. Find more
Great article Lot’s of information to Read…Great Man Keep Posting and update to People..Thanks acheter commentaire instagram
Wow i can say that this is another great article as expected of this blog.Bookmarked this site.. achat de commentaires
ใช้งานง่ายนะคะ สำหรับพอตไฟฟ้าตัวนี้ เราก็เป็นมือใหม่คนนึงที่พึ่งเข้าวงการนี้ จริงๆไม่มีอะไรมากเลยคะ ได้ของมาเเกะกล่องก็ใช้ได้เลย แต่ถ้าจะให้อยู่ได้ทั้งวัน ก็อาจจะชาร์จแบตไว้ก่อนซัก 1-2ชั่วโมง ก็อยู่กับเราได้ทั้งวันแล้ว สูบหนัก สูบจัดแค่ไหนก็เอาอยู่
kantorbola99
KANTORBOLA99 Adalah situs judi online terpercaya di indonesia. KANTORBOLA99 menyediakan berbagai permainan dan juga menyediakan RTP live gacor dengan rate 98,9%. KANTORBOLA99 juga menyediakan berbagai macam promo menarik untuk setiap member setia KANTORBOLA99, Salah satu promo menarik KANTORBOLA99 yaitu bonus free chip 100 ribu setiap hari.
Overall, Blooket stands out as a dynamic educational tool that empowers both educators and students, turning learning into a captivating adventure. Blooket
For more information Netgear EAX15 Setup
I was impressed with the site that you created, so memotipasi many people to be more advanced, there also kunjugi me, as a comparison umzüge lüneburg
I am extremely grateful for the Canadian dissertation proposal help service. The experts provided valuable guidance in formulating my research questions and structuring my proposal. Their support has been instrumental in shaping my research project. Highly recommended for Canadian students!