1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Gaya penulisan Anda sangat mengundang. Saya merasa terlibat sejak awal. Jasa Anti Rayap Pipa
Informasinya sangat relevan untuk saya saat ini. penerjemah jakarta timur
Artikel yang inspiratif dan memotivasi. penerjemah jakarta selatan
Saya akan merekomendasikan blog ini kepada teman-teman saya. Sangat bermanfaat. Jasa Anti Rayap
Your content is consistently engaging. This post, in particular, sparked some great thoughts! pin up aviator
รถบรรทุกปูนขนาด 3 คิว
ข้อดีของรถบรรทุกปูน
Thanks for sharing this information. I really like your blog post very much. You have really shared a informative and interesting blog post with people. AI Text generators
Informasinya sangat lengkap, terimakasih banyak. cuci interior mobil
Penjelasan yang sangat baik. penerjemah jakarta pusat
Informasi yang sangat praktis dan dapat diaplikasikan segera. Terima kasih banyak! Jasa Pembasmi Hama
Artikel yang bermanfaat dan praktis. penerjemah jakarta pusat
Sensa138
situs game terbaik dan terlengkap. tersedia banyak pilihan game. anda bisa menikmati situs terbaik di indonesia. so tunggu apa lagi buruan daftar sekarang juga ya…
Menarik sekali, saya suka gaya penulisan penulisnya. jok mobil jogja
Blog ini memberikan jawaban untuk pertanyaan-pertanyaan saya. Terima kasih atas informasinya. Basmi Kecoa
Saya ingin mengetahui lebih banyak tentang topik ini. jasa penerjemah ijazah profesional
I enjoyed reading this insightful article. The author did an excellent job. I found the following information to be particularly helpful. Overall, I would highly recommend this blog post to anyone. Cheers Diamondexch9
Saya suka bahwa Anda memberikan solusi praktis untuk setiap masalah yang dibahas. Basmi Nyamuk
Many thanks for sharing this fine piece. Very interesting ideas! (as always, btw) blanton’s lineup
Artikel yang sangat bagus, terima kasih! jasa penerjemah ijazah profesional
เว็บ123 Casino website, online games, the best football betting website.
Thank you for taking the time to publish this information very useful! UFABETแทงบอลบนมือถือที่ดีที่สุด
Nhận ngay 0.5% tổng nạp khi: Nạp Tiền s666
Best: Rút Tiền s666
Saya sependapat dengan poin-poin yang dijelaskan. harga hidrolik cucian mobil
Top Nhà Cái: s666
Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. buy tank tops
Escort Service in Aerocity Apart from providing exciting service to their clients, this agency is also focused towards helping each customer make every moment memorable and special. They always provide their clients with some exclusive offers such as, free gifts and favours, free transportation and parking, free dinner and dancing with the client at a romantic location, and many more such exciting offers. Call Girls in Aerocity service They also promise to make their customers feel special and they treat them with great respect and consideration. The service and care taken by them are worth praising.https://www.anushkadelhi.com/
thank you so much as you have been willing to share records with us. we can forever appreciate all you’ve got executed right here because you’ve got made my work as clean as ABC. High-capacity portable chargers from China
Sora is a District 22 new condo launch at Yung Ching Road.
The Jurong Condo will have 440 units, comprising of 1 to 5 Bedroom apartments.
To get Direct Developer Price and Discounts, visit https://www.sora-condos.com or call +65 6100-0721 for more info.
Rigix Syrup: where sweet meets science, a concoction of bliss that turns every sip into a symphony for your taste buds!
\Rigix Sryup
amazing website, thank you Ihokibet alternatif for making this website bro i really love it.
Descubra el confort y la elegancia con nuestras chimeneas de gas TEM-CO. Disfrute de un calor constante con solo presionar un botón, eliminando la necesidad de preparativos tediosos. Desde modelos estándar hasta personalizaciones exclusivas, nuestras chimeneas no solo renuevan su hogar, sino que también son la opción ideal para espacios comerciales, ofreciendo diseño a medida y eficiencia. Aumente el valor de su propiedad con la seguridad y la belleza que brindan nuestras chimeneas, fabricadas con esmero y pasión por el fuego. Chimeneas de gas
What an incredible resource you’re offering for free! It’s truly refreshing to find a blog that recognizes the importance of sharing high-quality content without charge. Kudos to you
6 Months React js Industrial Training company in Mohali
I think your article really made me like it a lot. you are very good. pretty Gaming โปรโมทชั่น
เว็บ123 The online football betting website is the game that the great players come to use the most.-
เว็บ123 The technique of football betting is guaranteed that the best newbie football betting should not be overlooked.
I’m extremely impressed with your writing skills as well as
with the layout on your blog. keep up the excellent quality writing,
it’s rare to see a great blog like this one today. Cheers laser247
Descubra el confort y la elegancia con nuestras chimeneas de gas TEM-CO. Disfrute de un calor constante con solo presionar un botón, eliminando la necesidad de preparativos tediosos. Desde modelos estándar hasta personalizaciones exclusivas, nuestras chimeneas no solo renuevan su hogar, sino que también son la opción ideal para espacios comerciales, ofreciendo diseño a medida y eficiencia. Aumente el valor de su propiedad con la seguridad y la belleza que brindan nuestras chimeneas, fabricadas con esmero y pasión por el fuego. Chimeneas de gas barcelona
Saya akan mencoba strategi ini segera. jasa penerjemah buku
Descubra el confort y la elegancia con nuestras chimeneas de gas TEM-CO. Disfrute de un calor constante con solo presionar un botón, eliminando la necesidad de preparativos tediosos. Desde modelos estándar hasta personalizaciones exclusivas, nuestras chimeneas no solo renuevan su hogar, sino que también son la opción ideal para espacios comerciales, ofreciendo diseño a medida y eficiencia. Aumente el valor de su propiedad con la seguridad y la belleza que brindan nuestras chimeneas, fabricadas con esmero y pasión por el fuego. Chimeneas de gas valencia
https://kadopkv.xn--6frz82g/
Walmart Phoenix, Arizona Locations: The renowned multinational retailer Walmart has established a significant foothold in the Phoenix, Arizona region, providing locals with convenience, competitive pricing, and an extensive assortment of merchandise.
Phoenix, Arizona Walmart Locations
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the various Walmart locations in Phoenix, with an emphasis on their local community benefits, services, and features.
Walmart Supercenters: An All-Inclusive Shopping Environment
Walmart Supercenters constitute the premier location open close hour info within the Walmart family, providing patrons with an experience that is not found elsewhere.
These expansive establishments accommodate a wide range of customers’ requirements by offering a vast assortment of products within a single location.
The Supercenters of Walmart: An Overview
Walmart Supercenters are large-scale retail facilities, with an average area of 178,000 square feet.
These retail establishments offer a wide variety of products, including but not limited to groceries, electronics, apparel, domestic items, and automotive supplies.
Customers can locate every item they require in one location due to their extensive assortment. Consciously prioritizing customer contentment, Walmart Supercenters endeavor to fulfill the requirements of each and every shopper.
Attributes and Advantages:
Walmart Supercenters provide consumers with an extensive assortment of products, enabling them to locate all the necessities in a single location. The store offers a wide range of products, including electronics, home decor, healthcare items, fresh produce, and pantry staples, to ensure a comprehensive purchasing experience.
Competitive Pricing: Walmart distinguishes itself through its steadfast dedication to ensuring affordability. The Supercenters provide consumers with the opportunity to save money on their purchases without sacrificing quality, by offering competitive prices.
In addition to their merchandise selection, Walmart Supercenters offer a range of supplementary convenience services. These services comprise in-store pharmacies, money services, vision centers, and photo centers. These aforementioned services serve to augment the overall purchasing experience for patrons.
Quality assurance is a primary concern for Walmart, as evidenced by its extensive selection of reputable brands in addition to its proprietary products. Walmart guarantees consumers products that adhere to the highest standards by implementing stringent quality control measures.
Walmart Neighborhood Markets: Confronting Community Requirements
Walmart Neighborhood Markets accommodate the unique needs of local communities through the provision of a condensed and easily navigable retail environment.
These compact-format establishments are specifically engineered to efficiently and conveniently supply the daily grocery and domestic requirements of local inhabitants.
An Overview of Walmart Neighborhood Markets: With an average area of 42,000 square feet, Walmart Neighborhood Markets are roughly one-fifth the size of Walmart Supercenters.
These establishments are strategically positioned in residential areas to offer convenient and efficient passage for patrons.
Attributes and Advantages:
Walmart Neighborhood Markets place a high emphasis on the provision of fresh produce, groceries, and essential domestic items. By prioritizing daily necessities, these establishments ensure that members of the public have convenient access to high-quality products that are critical for their daily lives.
The accessibility and compact dimensions of neighborhood markets contribute to a more streamlined and efficient shopping experience. Customers are able to effortlessly navigate the store and locate the items they seek.
Neighborhood Markets offers individualized customer service by staffing well-informed associates who are consistently available to aid customers with any inquiries or particular requirements they may have.
Community Engagement: By collaborating with adjacent businesses, supporting local events, and contributing to neighborhood initiatives, these stores actively engage with the local community. The primary objective of Walmart Neighborhood Markets is to cultivate a sense of community and establish robust customer relationships.
Delivery and Pickup Services from Walmart: Convenience at Your Doorstep
In response to the increasing need for convenience and adaptability in the contemporary era, Walmart provides pickup and delivery solutions that accommodate the hectic schedules of its clientele.
In closing,
Walmart has established itself as an indispensable component of the Phoenix, Arizona community, offering its inhabitants convenience, competitive pricing, and an extensive array of merchandise.
Customers are afforded convenient access to a wide range of products at neighborhood markets and Walmart Supercenters dispersed throughout the city. This includes groceries, domestic goods, and other indispensable items.
In a similar vein, the implementation of Walmart’s pickup and delivery services has significantly enhanced the level of convenience for customers, allowing them to purchase from the comfort of their own residences and thereby save invaluable time and effort.
Walmart demonstrates its enduring dedication to the welfare of the Phoenix community by providing a diverse range of distinctive services and actively participating in community support endeavors.
Gaya penulisan yang menarik membuat saya terus membaca. Bagus sekali! Basmi Tikus
Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer!.. Mejor autoescuela Vigo
I am continually amazed by the amount of information available on this subject. What you presented was well researched and well worded in order to get your stand on this across to all your readers. a course in miracles podcast
This particular article is amazing. I’m very satisfied. Trà hoa vàng Quảng Ninh
アダルト グッズ通販のため、ラブグッズの正規品をお得にゲットできる。オシャレな性生活を提案するオナホール大人のおもちゃ通販ショップ .
Most of the time I don’t make comments on websites, but I’d like to say that this article really forced me to do so. Really nice post! Autoescuela barata Vigo
Hi there! Nice stuff, do keep me posted when you post again something like this! a course in miracles
Hi there! Nice stuff, do keep me posted when you post again something like this! a course in miracles