1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
NeoTonics is a natural supplement designed with strains that promote both skin and digestive health. The blend of ingredients works to restore balance to your skin and digestion, contributing to overall well-being.
Neotonics targets the underlying factors behind skin and gut concerns, utilizing natural elements such as lemon balm, fennel, inulin, fenugreek, dandelion, and an impressive 500 million CFUs per serving.
neotonics
“When you cease to dream you cease to live.” 토토추천
Elevate your business with ASC’s expert in securing Legal metrology Registration and LMPC Certificate for your packaging products. Our team handled more than 500+ satisfied customers. Trust us to navigate the intricate regulatory landscape, ensuring your products comply with all LMPC Certificate requirements. Gain a competitive edge, build consumer trust, and stay up-to-date effortlessly with ASC by your side.
Read more- LMPC Certificate Consultant
sewa jeep bromo
sewa jeep bromo Puriraya group Merupakan perusahaan jasa wisata bromo dengan menyewakan jeep terbaru untuk anda yang akan ke bromo dan mengunjungi semua destinasi wisata gunung bromo
It really is marvelous, never the less, look at thing for those vicinity particular target. pionbet
link kantorbola99
KANTORBOLA99 , memainkan berbagai macam game online terbaru dari kantor bola . Kunjungi link kantorbola99 untuk mendapatkan informasi promo – promo terbaik . Tersedia promo member baru bonus 1 juta , promo harian bonus deposit 100 rb , serta bonus cashback mingguan hingga 20%.
Sangat bermanfaat, saya akan mencoba tips ini. harga hidrolis cuci mobil
Terima kasih atas wawasan yang mendalam. tips memilih jasa penerjemah
wisata bromo terbaru
wisata bromo terbaru Puriraya group Merupakan perusahaan jasa wisata bromo dengan menyewakan jeep terbaru untuk anda yang akan ke bromo dan mengunjungi semua destinasi wisata gunung bromo
เว็บสล็อต You don’t have to look anywhere else, here, and earn real money.
“I was thoroughly impressed by a fiverr gig recently; exceptional quality and professionalism at an unbeatable price. Highly recommend for anyone needing”
Invoice factoring helps businesses solve cash flow shortfalls by providing immediate cash for their unpaid invoices. More precisely, a factoring agreement is a … financing factoring
Good post of the day.เว็บผลบอลสด
Propysalford akıllı şehir mobilyaları ya da akıllı kent mobilyaları. akıllı şehir mobilyaları için web sitemizi ziyaret edebilirsiniz.
Unlock endless possibilities with our comprehensive email database! Access a vast repository of verified and targeted email contacts to elevate your marketing strategy. Boost engagement, drive conversions, and connect with your audience effectively. Explore our premium email database today for unparalleled business growth.
Click here to read more email database
Indah nya dunia ini dewaslot88
Thank you very much for the sharing! COOL.. UFABETสมัครเว็บแทงบอลออนไลน์รับยูสเซอร์ฟรี
Discover the ideal crypto exchange to invest in with our comprehensive guide. Whether you’re a seasoned investor or just entering the cryptocurrency space, selecting the right exchange is crucial for a successful investment journey. Our guide explores factors such as security features, available cryptocurrencies, fees, and user experience to help you make an informed decision.
https://www.mandirachopra.com/
Your blog is filled with unique good articles! I was impressed how well you express your thoughts. Moldavite Jewelry
mandirachopra.com
Primary You were given some sort of brilliant blog site. When i resolve be engaged with furthermore consistent a few minutes. when i check out you were given absolutely incredibly sensible is important, when i resolve possibly be generally verifying your site blesss. Technology
Good post of the day.หนังออนไลน์ไม่มีโฆษณา
Well… I clear out up zones on a like issue, at any rate I never visited your blog. I added it to populars in like manner i’ll be your given foundation. websitekan
Primary You were given some sort of brilliant blog site. When i resolve be engaged with furthermore consistent a few minutes. when i check out you were given absolutely incredibly sensible is important, when i resolve possibly be generally verifying your site blesss. Technology
I am aware of that column. When i know People fit some sort of the majority of find it hard to located that report. When i envy ones practice. Technology
“CreativeXHub: Where ideas converge, innovation thrives, and creators find their muse.” creativexhub
Chronological Ingenuity: Witness the fusion of chronological order and inventive ideas, creating a unique and structured approach to innovation. ideasxtime
very nice information about railway.
Ihokibet login
Uma história maravilhosa, calculada que podemos combinar alguns dados não relacionados, apesar de realmente valer a pena aparecer, whoa,
https://www.sportstotozone.com/
um particular descobriu sobre o Médio Oriente também tem problérmulas adicionais
In this particular unique document, you’ll see an overview, please look over that write-up. mpo1221
If you like to play games and earn money then you shouldn’t miss downloading Bling2 APK in your phone
I really treasure your piece of work, Great post. UFABETพนันบอลออนไลน์ฟรีถูกกฏหมาย
I discovered a great deal of interesting stuff in your blog especially it’s dialogue boutique hotel cape town
Amazing blog layout here. Was it hard creating a nice looking website like this? milf
This PSLE AL score is crucial for secondary school admissions, as it guides the placement process by matching students with schools based on their overall AL scores. The system aims to encourage a more holistic approach to education by reducing overemphasis on academic grades.
I can see that you are an expert at your field! I am launching a website soon, and your information will be very useful for me.. Thanks for all your help and wishing you all the success in your business. UFABETพนันบอลไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์เว็บตรง
I discovered a great deal of interesting stuff in your blog especially it’s dialogue Paternoster Stay
BioVanish stands out as a refreshing and effective weight loss solution. This innovative supplement is changing the game by harnessing the power of natural ingredients to support your journey towards optimal weight management.
BioVanish’s secret lies in its unique formula, which includes premium 9-c fats, L-theanine, and a B-vitamin blend. These elements work in harmony to boost healthy BHB levels in your body, encouraging the use of stored fat for energy, resulting in successful weight loss. Beyond shedding pounds, BioVanish helps in controlling unhealthy food cravings, optimizing your metabolism, and enhancing overall well-being. Get ready to embrace a healthier lifestyle with BioVanish!
biovanish
Blooket code: Where education meets entertainment. blooket code
PTMA Terbaik Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA (disebut UHAMKA) adalah perguruan tinggi terbaik di Indonesia, jika diperbandingkan dengan perguruan tinggi Islam negri maupun swasta se-Indonesia menurut data yang direlease oleh 4icu.org / UNIRANK periode Januari 2023. Kuliah di UHAMKA mudah karena bisa Online, bisa sambil kerja, lancar cepat lulus, murah dan berkualitas, akriditasi unggul lebih baik dari A, lulusannya mudah mencari kerja. Karena itu UHAMKA termasuk PTMA Terbaik di Indonesia.
BioVanish a weight management solution that’s transforming the approach to healthy living. In a world where weight loss often feels like an uphill battle, BioVanish offers a refreshing and effective alternative. This innovative supplement harnesses the power of natural ingredients to support optimal weight management.
BioVanish’s secret lies in its unique formula, which includes premium 9-c fats, L-theanine, and a B-vitamin blend. These ingredients work together to promote healthy BHB levels in the body, encouraging the utilization of stored fat for energy, leading to successful weight loss. Beyond shedding pounds, BioVanish assists in curbing unhealthy food cravings, optimizing metabolism, and promoting overall well-being.
biovanish
Particular interviews furnish firsthand message on mart size, industry trends, ontogeny trends, capitalist landscape and outlook, etc. hr consultancy London
FlowForce Max, a natural powerhouse of wellness. Say goodbye to the discomfort of an enlarged prostate, as we unveil a solution that doesn’t require a lifetime commitment. Whether you’re in search of relief from urinary symptoms, a safeguard for your bladder, or the promise of vitality throughout the years, FlowForce Max is your trusted companion on this journey to sustained well-being. Welcome to a life free from the constraints of an enlarged prostate – where vitality knows no age.
flowforcemax
I appreciate everything you have added to my knowledge base.Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer.Thanks. bokep indonesia
I discovered a great deal of interesting stuff in your blog especially it’s dialogue The Shirt Store
میکسرهای تصویر بلک مجیک مثل ATEM Mini ، برای ترکیب ویدئوها از منابع مختلف در پخش زنده یا ضبط استفاده میشوند، با قابلیتهایی نظیر پورت های HDMI و USB و تنظیمات میکس و افکت های تصویری.
https://www.mediaresan.com/product-category/video-switcher/
سیم و کابل سیلی دی
سیلی دی تولید کننده انواع سیم و کابل نسوز و کابل اعلام حریق
با نشان استاندارد ملی ایران و دارای گواهینامه های بین المللی می باشد
سیم و کابل نسوز سیلی دی
https://silidaywire.ir
สล็อตยักษ์เขียว พรีเซนเทชั่นประสบการณ์ที่น่าตื่นตาตื่นใจซึ่งจะมีผลให้ผู้เล่นอยู่บนขอบที่นั่งของพวกเขา ด้วยเกมให้เลือกเยอะแยะรวมทั้งชื่อยอดฮิตเป็นต้นว่า “สล็อตยักษ์ เขียวแล้วก็ “เว็บไซต์ยักษ์เขียว”
ผู้เล่นสามารถประทับใจกับโลกที่จินตนาการแล้วก็ความระทึกใจ กราฟิกและก็แอนิเมชั่นเป็นสิ่งที่สุดยอดสร้างสิ่งแวดล้อมที่น่าทึ่งซึ่งช่วยเพิ่มประสบการณ์การเล่นเกมโดยรวม ยิ่งกว่านั้นโบนัสแล้วก็โปรโมชั่นที่เสนอโดยสล็อต สล็อต สล็อตยักษ์เขียว เว็บไซต์เขียว ทำให้ผู้เล่นได้โอกาสพอเพียงที่จะชนะเป็นอย่างมากรวมทั้งเพิ่มจังหวะสำหรับในการตีแจ็คพอต ไม่ว่าคุณจะเป็นนักการพนันที่มีประสบการณ์หรือใหม่กับโลกของสล็อตออนไลน์สล็อต เว็บไซต์ยักษ์เขียว
เป็นจุดมุ่งหมายที่เพอร์เฟ็คสำหรับคนที่กำลังมองหาการเล่นเกมที่น่าตื่นตาตื่นใจรวมทั้งคุ้มอะไรทำให้ ยักษ์เขียวสล็อต เด่นในโลกของการเดิมพันออนไลน์?ยักษ์เขียวสล็อต เป็นเกม สล็อตเว็บไซต์ตรง 100% ที่เด่นอย่างแท้จริงในโลกของการเดิมพันออนไลน์ ด้วยกราฟิกที่น่าสนใจดวงใจการเล่นเกมที่ซาบซึ้งรวมทั้งการชำระเงินที่ใจ