1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Saya akan mencoba tips ini segera. gudang penerjemah bahasa jepang
Terima kasih sudah membagikan pengetahuan Anda. jasa anti rayap tangerang
Sangat menginspirasi! Saya merasa termotivasi. harga detailing mobil
Explore the enticing menu offerings at Kampung Yassin, a renowned spot for authentic Malay cuisine in Singapore. From flavorful nasi lemak to aromatic rendang, the menu promises a culinary journey through the best of Malay food, ensuring a satisfying and delightful dining experience.
See kampung yassin menu here.
Terima kasih atas saran yang bermanfaat. penerjemah bahasa korea
Play Genuine Online Gaming For to Win Cash Everyday. Search on google or click here at: https://stasiunplay.info/
Okeplay777 juga merupakan agen togel hari ini yang menghadirkan hasil keluaran togel secara real-time. Mereka memahami bahwa pemain seringkali ingin tahu hasil togel secepat mungkin untuk mengetahui apakah mereka memenangkan taruhan mereka
Anda memberikan banyak informasi dalam satu tulisan. jasa anti rayap tangerang selatan
The concept of “Work From Home” has undergone a transformative shift, evolving from a niche practice to a mainstream employment model. The advent of advanced communication technologies, coupled with a global shift towards flexible work arrangements, has enabled individuals to perform their professional duties from the comfort of their homes.
Anda membuat topik yang kompleks menjadi sederhana penerjemah bahasa korea
NFTs can grant access to exclusive digital experiences, memberships, or content, creating a sense of exclusivity and loyalty among customers or clients. Companies can leverage NFTs for gamification or collectibles in their products or services Metaverse Integration and Virtual Real Estate NFTs, fostering customer engagement and loyalty. In industries like luxury goods and agriculture, NFTs can be used to track the provenance and authenticity of products, reducing the risk of counterfeiting. NFTs can be integrated into loyalty and rewards programs, allowing businesses to offer unique and tradable digital assets as incentives for customer loyalty.
A blog like yours should be earning much money from adsense..-.,” brochure designer
Really I enjoy your site with effective and useful information. It is included very nice post with a lot of our resources.thanks for share. i enjoy this post. puravive
We’re glad to be a visitor of your thoroughgoing webpage, regards due to this rare info! Tonic Greens
wonderful issues altogether, you simply received a logo reader. What could you suggest in regards to your post that you made some days ago? Any certain? Tonic Greens
I just now desired to come up with a quick comment in an effort to express gratitude back for people wonderful pointers you happen to be posting at this site. My time consuming internet investigation has by the end through the day been rewarded with quality means to show to my guests. I’d personally say that many of us website visitors can be extremely endowed to result from a wonderful network with developed solid relationships . marvellous individuals with useful hints. I believe quite privileged to obtain used your webpages and search forward to really more fabulous minutes reading here. Many thanks for most things. Tonic Greens
When I originally commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get several e-mails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove people from that service? Thanks a lot! Tonic Greens Reviews
Okeplay777adalah penyedia layanan slot online tergacor se indonesia dengan RTP up to 99% , daftar Sekarang dan nikmati bonus nya !
I see that you are using WordPress on your blog
토토사이트
Great post, you have pointed out some excellent points, I as well believe this is a very superb website. dark web links
perspective sharing this great one thanks for.
Genies 3 Wishes
perspective sharing this great one thanks for.
Genies 3 Wishes
I’m happy to see the considerable subtle element here!. 大阪観光
عمل اسلیو معده
เว็บนาซ่า easy to play, get real money
Thanks for the blog loaded with so many information. Stopping by your blog helped me to get what I was looking for.
토토사이트
i can see that most mobile phones today are equipped with cameras and stuffs.. Cortexi
You delivered such an impressive piece to read, giving every subject enlightenment for us to gain information. Thanks for sharing such information with us due to which my several concepts have been cleared. sweet777
Valuable info. Fortunate me I discovered your web site by chance.
레모나토토 주소
Okeplay777 adalah penyedia layanan slot online tergacor se indonesia dengan RTP up to 99% , daftar Sekarang dan nikmati bonus nya !
Informasinya sangat relevan untuk saya saat ini. penerjemah indonesia inggris
Terima kasih atas pandangan yang menarik. cuci interior mobil
Really a great addition. I have rea이브벳
Nearly three in four establishments in Singapore gave wage increases as business activities picked up last year. 메이저놀이터
You delivered such an impressive piece to read, giving every subject enlightenment for us to gain information. Thanks for sharing such information with us due to which my several concepts have been cleared. rtp sweet777
Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer!.. Consejos para vender un inmueble
Party and Stationery UAE is a premier destination for a wide range of party supplies and stationery products. We are dedicated to providing our customers with top-tier products and exceptional service. Our team of experts diligently curates and crafts the finest products in the industry.
Flamingo Flair Color Pencils
The pace of real wage growth last year was “significantly dampened” by inflation. The inflation rate in 2022 was 6.1 per cent, higher than the 2.3 per cent recorded the preceding year. 메이저사이트추천
Real wages in Singapore grew 0.4 per cent in 2022, lower than the 1.6 per cent in the preceding year, the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) said on Monday (May 29). 토토사이트추천
“This reflected the efforts by firms to restore wages of some employees who experienced wage cuts during the pandemic years, as well as give higher wage increases to other employees to retain staff amidst competition for workers,” said MOM. 스포츠토토
Nominal total wages – including employers’ Central Provident Fund (CPF) contributions – of full-time resident employees who had been with the same employer for at least one year rose by 6.5 per cent last year. 토토힐
“As the Singapore economy continued to grow in 2022, there was a strong increase in the proportion of profitable firms. As a result, more firms were able to raise their employees’ wages in 2022 compared to 2021,” said the ministry. 토토커뮤니티
Last year, all industries saw higher wage growth compared with 2021, but the magnitude of increase varied. 토토주소
Among establishments that gave wage increases, the magnitude of increase was larger in 2022 compared with 2021. 승인전화없는토토
Those that cut the wages of their employees remained in the minority at 5.2 per cent, said the Manpower Ministry. Among them, the magnitude of wage cuts was also smaller in 2022 than the preceding year. 사설토토사이트
Superior post, keep up with this exceptional work. It’s nice to know that this topic is being also covered on this web site so cheers for taking the time to discuss this! Thanks again and again! rtp sweet777
Party and Stationery UAE is a premier destination for a wide range of party supplies and stationery products. We are dedicated to providing our customers with top-tier products and exceptional service. Our team of experts diligently curates and crafts the finest products in the industry.
Garden Greens Stencil
เว็บคาสิโนAsia’s number 1 casino Stable, deposit, withdraw, automatic system 24 hours. The easiest bonus.
Without fail, your writing style is top professional; even your website also looks amazing thank you for posting. rtp sweet777
Terima kasih sudah membagikan pengalaman Anda. jasa penterjemah inggris indonesia