1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Her kullanıcı için eşit olacak şekilde belirlenmiş, Timebet düşük ödeme miktarı bulunmaktadır.
Zorunlu olarak girmeniz gereken bilgilerden bir adedi, Tipobet cep telefon numarası olacaktır.
Only strive to mention one’s content can be as incredible. This clarity with your post is superb! Thanks a lot, hundreds of along with you should go on the pleasurable get the job done. levitra
Yani cep telefon numarasına site ile alakalı kısa mesajlar, bildirimler, Megabahis duyurular gelmeye başlayacaktır.
“Thanks for such a great post and the review, I am totally impressed! Keep stuff like this coming
” ChillBox AC Reviews
Yani Bunu girip, üyelik müracaatını yapıp, Favorisen sonuçlandıktan sonra. Sisteme kayıt olmanız zorunludur.
Müthiş bir platform olmaya devam ederek her geçtiğimiz gün Atlantisbahis uygulama geliştirme prensibini kullanıyor.
Harika bulunduğuna inandığımız bir diğer mevzu da tercih ve Olabahis popülarite merkezli spor seçimleridir.
I likewise think this is a very wonderful website✅ and have all the information related to ✅..
more info
FSSQUAD is a Black Hat forum based on black Hat hacking and general Resources We are a great place to receive help and meet new friends.
온라인카지노사이트
2021년 국내 1위 카지노사이트, 먹튀검증✅완벽한✅바카라사이트만 추천해드립니다✅온라인카지노✅바카라사이트✅우리카지노✅카지노✅바카라✅포커,퍼스트카지노,더킹카지노,샌즈카지노,룰렛,블랙잭 등 모든 카지노 게임 정보창고
Las mejores noticias ciencia y tecnologia, con los últimos datos, análisis, guías, y novedades que vayan sucediendo en este 2021
noticias ciencia
I will visit again for more quality✅ contents and also I recommend this site to all who are✅
รีวิวเว็บพนัน UFA365
In Delhi Escorts, you will get to know the true meaning of love and how sex positively affects your life. Also, these women want lusty love and happiness in their lives and give them the same for you as well.
http://newdelhiescortsservices.com
Simply desire to say your article is as amazing.
The clarity on your post is just excellent and that i can think
you’re knowledgeable in this subject. Fine together with your
permission allow me to grasp your RSS feed to keep updated with
impending post. Thanks one million and please continue the rewarding work. 토닥이
Bahis oyunları internet üzerinden oynanabilen ve oyuncusuna yatırımı doğrultusunda para kazandıran bir sistemdir. Eskiden beri hayatımızda var olan bahis oyunlarının yasal olmadığını biliyoruz. Ancak oyunların yasal olmaması demek bu oyunların oynanmayacağı anlamını da taşımıyor. Çünkü internet üzerinden ve oturduğunuz yerden para kazanabileceğiniz şu anki tek sistem de bunu gösteriyor. Şansınız çok ise bu durumda kazancınız da çok olacaktır. Kaybınız ise Lotusbet giriş sitesi üzerinden sürekli telafi edilmeye çalışılır. Örneğin oyunlarda verilen bonuslar ya da kampanyalar sürekli olarak kullanıcının yönüne düzenlenmiştir. Her şey bir bahis sitesine üye olmakla başlarken kazançta sizin yatıracağınız paranın miktarına göre fazlalaşmaya başlayacaktır.
Adres : https://lotusbet.club/
So that the future does not frighten you any more, to have all the keys in hand, ask your clairvoyant to predict the future and to reveal you the important informations which you must know. Love, work, finance: leave nothing to chance. Visit this French fortune-telling site and discover amazing things.
voyance gratuite par téléphone
Interesting post. I Have Been wondering about this issue, so thanks for posting. Pretty cool post.It ‘s really very nice and Useful post.Thanks dog waste removal service
dependably manufacture astonishing entities I’ll come often. It’s nice to see a lot of good comments here. Thank you. 토토커뮤니티
I can grow up with. Please continue to do well and always do well my own blog and would like to find out where u got this from. 안전놀이터
Wow, great blog article I’ll come and read every day. It’s really nice to have a place like this 먹튀검증업체
It’s really great. Thank you for providing a quality article. There is something you might be interested in. Do you know 토토커뮤니티 ? If you have more questions, please come to my site and check it out!
I have been looking for articles on these topics for a long time. 메이저놀이터 I don’t know how grateful you are for posting on this topic. Thank you for the numerous articles on this site, I will subscribe to those links in my bookmarks and visit them often. Have a nice day
Nice Post! Thank you for the info information, I will wait for posts like this and will read them with pleasure. poker deposit pulsa
Good article! I will follow you to create useful articles like this. agen poker
Good article! I will follow you to create useful articles like this. poker deposit pulsa
It’s perfect time to make a few plans for the longer term and it is time to be happy. I’ve learn this submit and if I may just I wish to suggest you some fascinating issues or suggestions. Visit my site: dingdong togel
Thanks for picking out the time to discuss this, I feel great about it and love studying more on this topic. It is extremely helpful for me. Thanks for such a valuable help again. دورات تسويق
What are you stating, man? I realize everyones got their own view, but really? Listen, your web site is neat. I like the energy you put into it, especially with the vids and the pics. But, come on. Theres gotta be a better way to say this, a way that doesnt make it seem like everyone here is stupid! how to view a private instagram
This is great page helping everyone to learn how to get discount ticket and where to set thank you for sharing great post also alot of peoples comments their best experenice for ticketing what they are facing issues فني تكييف
İlk kurulduğu vakitten bu güne dek bütün kullanıcıları memnun bırakmıştır. İstanbulbahis kullanıcıları bir yandan bahis yapar iken diğer yandan da oynadığı bahislerin maçlarını canlı olarak izlemektedir.
Thank you very much for giving me such excellent information and I wish you all the best.토토사이트
Bu mevzuda detaylı sitelere bakıldığında gerçekte de Atlantisbahis ile alakalı her bireynin olumlayıcı yorum yaptığı görülmektedir.
Bunun en sayılı sebeplerinden birisi ise, rastgele bir aksilik yaşandığında Baycasino derhal sitenin müşteri hizmetlerinin araya girmek etmesidir.
Listed here you’ll learn it is important, them offers the link in an helpful webpage: play book of ra online
Her ne kadar daha önce siteyi kullanmamış bireyler tereddüde düşse de Betamara vakit içerisinde siteyi kullandıktan sonra çok memnun kaldıkları aşikardır.
Ancak bunun yerine kullandığınız tarayıcının adres alanına sitenin Betkur en güncel adresini yazmanızı tavsiye etmekteyiz.
Bu siteye girdikten sonra kolaylıkla bütün maçları bedava olarak izleyebilirsiniz. Markabet Eğer bahis oynayacaksanız siteye üye olmanız gerekmektedir.
Commendable job man. Glab to be here.
Tata Ace
Very nice post, we prefer to respect many other websites on the internet, even when they connect with us, by linking them.
Click my page: casino online indonesia
Siteye üye olduktan sonra ise hem bahis oynayarak para kazanabilmektesiniz. Hem de Pumabet maç izleyerek oynadığınız bahsin keyfini çıkartabilirsiniz.
France’s national railway, providing high-speed, overnight, and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland, and Italy. Yes, I have seen most people take multiple course assignments. It is also possible to get the dissertation writing service. They have gained knowledge.
When you use a genuine service, you will be able to provide instructions, share materials and choose the formatting style. Travel
Bu durumlarda link değişimine giden site, gerek finans departmanı gerekse de Sahabet itimatla departmanı bölümünde son derece hassas davranmakta.
Yurtdışında meşru kabul edilen site, ülkemizde de hizmet görmekte ama kimi vakit Musclebet birtakım kısıtlamalara takılmaktadır.
Ancak bu mevzuda bir deneyiminiz yoksa kesinlikle canlı bahis oyanlarına katılım sağlamamalı Betvakti işleyişi uzaktan takip etmeli, bilgi sahibi olmalısınız.
Oyun bilginiz varsa sizi de bünyesine dâhil etmekte ve canlı oyunlar Jüpiterbahis vasıtasıyla bahis oyunlarına heyecan katmaktadır.
Bilindiği üzere ülkemizde para kazanmanın en doğru ve en fazla getirisi Newbahis belirleme edilen teknik, bahis sektörü olmaktadır.
Genel anlamda sektörde büyük bir yer edinmiş belirleme edilen kullanıcıların Lizbonbet başvurabilecekleri bir adrestir diyebiliriz.
Thanks for the write up! Also, just a heads up, your RSS feeds aren’t working. Could you take a look at that? slotxo