1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Farmer Stumbles Upon Gigantic ‘Dinosaur Egg’ – What’s Inside Will Leave You Speechless! 토토사이트
“To remain competitive and resilient amidst these global developments, we encourage firms and workers to press on with business and workforce transformation, and make full use of government programmes to adapt to the changing environment,” said the ministry. 메이저사이트추천
Mateo’s hands trembled as he held the proposal in his grasp. The weight of the decision bore heavily upon him, tugging at his conscience. 사설토토
The prospect of unimaginable wealth and a secure future for his family dazzled his mind, tempting him to abandon his quest for truth. 토토사이트추천
Lucia’s eyes mirrored his turmoil as they exchanged glances, their unspoken thoughts intermingling in the air. 토토사이트
Sleep evaded him, replaced by restless nights plagued by questions of morality and the potential consequences of his actions. 네이버웹툰
Deep within his heart, a glimmer of integrity refused to be extinguished, urging him to uncover the truth for the sake of knowledge itself. 카카오웹툰
In that moment, Mateo’s mind brimmed with possibilities. Could it be a relic from a forgotten era or an artifact left by an ancient civilization? 툰코
My curiosity was solved by looking at your writing. Your writing was helpful to me. I want to help you too. 토토사이트 추천
I have been reading your posts regularly. I need to say that you are doing a fantastic job. Please keep up the great work. 메이저사이트 추천
Skill and Strategy: Some casino games, such as blackjack and poker, involve an element of skill and strategy. Players enjoy the challenge of mastering these games and outsmarting their opponents, making the gambling experience more intellectually stimulating. kantorbola88
Thank you for some other informative blog. Where else could I get that type of information written in such an ideal means? I have a mission that I’m just now working on, and I have been at the look out for such information. 먹튀사이트
The Philippines is famous for its old, religious landmarks, and in contrast its modernized skyscrapers. <a href="https://www.조아툰.com/" rel="nofollow"blacktoon
The Philippines lags behind many of its neighbors in infrastructure development. Traffic congestion in Metro Manila continues to be a major problem. <a href="https://www.조아툰.com/" rel="nofollow"웹툰
The economy of India is also ranked much higher than the Philippines, both in PPP as well in nominal terms. <a href="https://www.조아툰.com/" rel="nofollow"웹툰주소
Cojuangcos, Lichaucos, Syquias, Paternos, Lopezes, and the Ongpins. These families settled in old Binondo and Santa Cruz in Manila, and went on to become some of the most powerful in pre-war Manila. <a href="https://www.조아툰.com/" rel="nofollow"성인웹툰
Great post, and great website. Thanks for the information! 먹튀사이트
Through their writings and orations, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano López Jaena and José Rizal sounded the trumpets of Filipino nationalism and brought it to the level of the masses. 무료웹툰
Barangay 143 is a Filipino-Japanese anime. 네이버웹툰
Philippines is 84th in the overall Prosperity Index rankings. 카카오웹툰
“To remain competitive and resilient amidst these global developments, we encourage firms and workers to press on with business and workforce transformation, and make full use of government programmes to adapt to the changing environment,” said the ministry. 레진코믹스
everything has its price. thank you for sharing this informative records with us. excellent works! Pros and Cons of Chatgpd
as its price. thank you for sharing this informative records with us. excellent works! Pros and Cons of Chatgpd
Your content is nothing short of brilliant in many ways. I think this is engaging and eye-opening material. Thank you so much for caring about your content and your readers. KETO ACV GUMMIES
I went to this website, and I believe that you have a plenty of excellent information, I have saved your site to my bookmarks. 메이저놀이터 순위
Thanks for sharing nice information with us. i like your post and all you share with us is uptodate and quite informative, i would like to bookmark the page so i can come here again to read you, as you have done a wonderful job. Benefits of an OpenAI Internship Program
on-line computer systems shops that offers well technical useful resource are the excellent.. crypto arbitrage
This is really fascinating, You are a very professional blogger. I’ve joined your rss feed and sit up for searching for more of your great post. Also, I have shared your site in my social networks! ลักษณะของดาวพุธ
I was suggested this website by my cousin. I am not sure whether this post is written by him as nobody else know such detailed about my trouble. You are wonderful! Thanks!Nice blog here! Also your web site loads up fast! What web host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my website loaded up as quickly as yours lol เตาไฟแช่แข็งคือดาวอะไร
Im new at creating blogger, if you bored and want try something new you can come visit my blog, and i hope will like you so please come 🙂
SBOSLOT99
Discover expert care at Dr AK Jain Clinic, a trusted destination for sexual health. Find a reliable sexologist near me for personalized treatments.
Visit us :- sexologist clinic near me
Followershark is a social media analytics tool that helps users track and analyze their followers and engagement on various social media platforms. With its user-friendly interface and powerful insights, Followershark enables individuals and businesses to understand their audience better, optimize their content strategy, and grow their online presence effectively. Whether you’re an influencer, marketer, or simply looking to enhance your social media performance, Followershark provides valuable data and actionable recommendations to help you succeed in the digital landscape. https://followershark.de/
I went over this internet site and I believe you have a lot of fantastic information, saved to favorites (:. smm marketing strategy
That’sthe explanation promoting that you just suited preparation in advance of developing. It is usually probable to jot down increased putting up using this type of. 數學補習
This is really likewise an incredibly beneficial placing most of us severely encountered shopping as a result of. It truly is faraway from each and every day we have now possibility to think about something. 數學補習
There are media reviews concerning the constructive influence that exploration about wire body stem tissues is actually obtaining on the destin breast enhancement probable get rid of intended for a lot of life looking set disorders. However the right various stories about this or factions it can be out of the question in order to focus on most of it is valuable facts. Come cells display an incredible degree of plasticity resulting in they’ll crank out and also regenerate towards many types of solar cells and in many cases internal organs within just in the physique. Probably, in case they can be removed from the particular donor in addition to transfused to the affected person and then later on, stem tissue could be utilized to treatment every sickness. cal機必入programme
I’m impressed, I have to admit. Actually rarely do you encounter a blog that’s both educative and entertaining, and let me tell you, you could have hit the nail around the head. Your notion is outstanding; the pain is a thing that too little folks are speaking intelligently about. I’m very happy that we came across this inside my hunt for something with this. 計數機program必入
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. CT wedding photographer
I really enjoy simply reading all of your weblogs. Simply wanted to inform you that you have people like me who appreciate your work. Definitely a great post. Hats off to you! The information that you have provided is very helpful. CT wedding photographer
Experience Newmarket’s 1st Indian buffet at Dawat India. Indulge in flavorful Indian street food, biryani, butter chicken, and more. Family-friendly dining with spice-rich dishes.
Visit us :- Dawat India in Newmarket
I have added and shared your site to my social media accounts to send people back to your site because I am sure they will find it extremely helpful too. CT wedding photographer
In any case, the expanding size and intricacy of programming items and the utilization of these items in installed, online and versatile frameworks brings about the interest for more upgraded adaptations of the source code. rv roof coating
You have done a great job on this article. It’s very readable and highly intelligent. You have even managed to make it understandable and easy to read. You have some real writing talent. Thank you. fear of god essentials
You created some decent points there. I looked on the web for that problem and discovered most people may go as well as with your website. 計數機program必入
Almost all I can say is, I’m not sure what to express! Except certainly, for the great tips which have been shared within this blog. I’ll think of a million fun approaches to read the articles or blog posts on this site. I’m sure I will finally take a step employing your tips on those things I could not have been able to address alone. You are so innovative to let me be one of those to profit from your valuable information. Please know how much I enjoy the whole thing.
You have done a great job on this article. It’s very readable and highly intelligent. You have even managed to make it understandable and easy to read. You have some real writing talent. Thank you. fear of god essentials
I think this is among the most significant information for me. And i am glad reading your article. But wanna remark on some general things, The website style is wonderful, the articles is really great : D. Good job, cheers cal機program
bookmarking and checking back frequently!it people processing it really is another person’s renowned company, you will never in the world of the 55 and other lavishness brands supra to uncover which.. CT wedding photographer
living rooms should be decorated with style that is why i always get some living room decoration idea on the internet. cal機必入programme
I likewise believe thus, perfectly pent post! . sightcare