1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
You make so many great points here that I read your article a couple of times. Your views are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is great content for your readers ✅
pornstar
I got too much interesting stuff on your blog. I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here! Keep up the good work. Ligaciputra
You make so many great points here that I read your article a couple of times. Your views are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is great content for your readers ✅✅✅
pornstar
What a fantabulous post ✅. Never seen this kind of useful post. I am grateful to you and expect more number of posts like these. Thank you very much
slot6000
These very small facts are produced using wide range of qualifications✅ I favor the idea such a good deal. This specific seems to be definitely excellent
메이저사이트
Enjoyed reading the article above, really explains everything in detail, the article is very interesting and effective. Thank you and good luck with the upcoming articles. vesti dana
This specific seems to be definitely excellent
check this site
Situs Resmi Judi Capsa Online terpercaya dengan game terbaru dan terpopuler ramai di perbincangkan oleh kebanyakan orang terutama pasti para pencinta judi online ini. Situs Resmi Judi Capsa Online ini sangatlah banyak diminati orang dari mulai berbagai alternativ permainan hingga fitur game yang sangat membuat para pengguna sangat merasa terpesona untuk bermain di Situs Judi Capsa Online ini. Nah tak hanya itu Situs Judi Capsa Online ini memberikan juga pelayanan 24 jam live chat buat para pengguna sehingga bisa memudahkan pengguna untuk bertanya. Situs Judi Capsa Online ini memberikan banyak sekali keuntungan dari mulai bonus new member, bonus deposit harian, bonus turnover dan masih banyak lagi keuntunganya. Untuk mengenai informasi lebih lengkap dan akurat kamu bisa langsung Daftarkan akun kamu di Situs Resmi Judi Capsa Online Disini.
Situs 389SPORTS juga sudah menyediakan SITUS SLOT DEPOSIT PULSA TELOKOMSEL, XL TANPA POTONGAN. Situs 389SPORT selalu meningkatkan system dan memberi kemudahan untuk pengguna Slot Deposit Pulsa agar bisa memberikan peluang untuk bermain dengan cara menggunkan pulsa tanpa harus deposit via bank dll. Situs 389SPORT ini sudah banyak alternativ pilihan untuk bermain seperti Casino Online dan Slot Online agar pengguna bisa memilih situs yang terbaik. Situs ini sudah banyak digemari oleh para pencinta judi online tentunya dan para pemula juga sudah banyak yang bergabung dan bermain disitus ini serta banyak yang sudah mendapatkan keuntungan yang luar biasa.
Looking at this article, I miss the time when I didn’t wear a mask. Hopefully this corona will end soon. My blog is a blog that mainly posts pictures of daily life before Corona and landscapes at that time. If you want to remember that time again, please visit us. 먹튀신고
You can buy Masteron online on our website pharmasteroid.com for a 60day money-back guarantee. Our website provides you with a discount for bulk orders. buy trenbolone acetate online, buy Masteron online, buy testogen online.
buy proviron online
Interesting blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere? A design like yours with a few simple adjustments would really make my blog shine. Please let me know where you got your design. Many thanks
토토사이트
Interesting blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere? A design like yours with a few simple adjustments would really make my blog shine. Please let me know where you got your design. Many thanks
바카라사이트
파워볼
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted to say
that I’ve truly enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I
will be subscribing to your rss feed and I hope you write again soon!
I am incapable of reading articles online very often, but I’m happy I did today. It is very well written, and your points are well-expressed. I request you warmly, please, don’t ever stop writing.
파워볼게임
Faydalar yönünden ele alındığında tam not almayı Başaran seyrek şirketlerden İstanbulbahis birisi tespit edilen canlı bahis sitesi Türkçe bahis siteleri ortamında zirvede bulunuyor.
I really love this post I will visit again to read your post in a very short time and I hope you will make more posts like this. Best mats for under rowing machines
Trendbet adres güncellemesi canlı bahis ofisinin kendi inisiyatifiyle gerçekleşmiyor. Trendbet Bu sebeple canlı bahis sitesi adres güncellemesine mecburi olarak gitmektedir.
Yeni adres saptama vaktinde canlı bahis sitesi ismine birtakım rakamlar ekliyor. Maltbahis Ülkemizdeki bütün kaçak bahis siteleri zaten bu programlamayı devam ettiriyor.
Genellikle canlı bahis ofisinin en sayılı tespit edilen üstünlüğü Gorabet sitenin güvenilir bir zeminde hizmet vermesi.
Pronet Gaming alt yapısı ile desteklenmiş tespit edilen bir zemin bahisçiler Onwin yönünden her vakit daha çok tercih edilmektedir.
İşte bu gibi durumlarda ise canlı bahis sitesi engelleniyor ve kapatılıyor. Betkur Hatta fazlası vakit haftada iki kere bile sitenin adresini engellendiğini görebilirsiniz.
Java training in chennai
Thank you for taking the time to publish this wonderful article.
Java Classes in chennai
https://www.sevenmentor.com/java-classes-in-chennai
Canlı bahis sitesi bahisçi ve oyuncular için aslında avantajlı bir şirket Betamara olma özelliğini elinde bulundururken fazla maç miktarları belirliyor.
Excellent article. Keep posting such kind of info on your site. Im really impressed by your blog. Hey there, You’ve done a great job. I’ll definitely digg it and for my part suggest to my friends. I am confident they’ll be benefited from this website 온라인광고대행사
Maç miktarları yönünden canlı bahis sitesinin avantajlı portföyünü incelediğimizde de Atlantisbahis kesinlikle yeterli bir civarda karşılaşabiliyorsunuz.
Hem de şampiyonlar ligi ve UEFA Avrupa ligi ve Betcool organizasyonlarda bu miktar standardı daha da artıyor.
poochon dog
poochon
teacup poochon
Bichon poodle
bichpoo
red poochon puppies
poochon puppies
poochon puppies for sale
Futbol, basketbol, tenis, voleybol ve hentbol sporları en Vbet fazla tespit edilenlerin var bulunduğu kategoriler.
organic smart bud
organic smart cart
are smart carts real
vape mods
dankwoods
smart
buds
Oyun limitleri denetlendiğinde canlı bahis ofisine basitçe Jüpiterbahis oyunlara katılım sağlayabileceğinizi göreceksiniz.
It’s very good post! Congratulations! I really enjoyed to reading your blog. Thanks for share all this information. I’m looking forward your next post. SMS Marketing UAE
Bonus kataloğu üzerinden de canlı bahis sitesinde çevrim içi Baycasino olarak para kazanabileceğiniz belirtiyoruz.
Thank you sharing
Spor bahisleri servisiyle fark meydana getiriyor ve canlı bahis siteleri için son derece Padişahbet geniş alternatifler ile eş güdümlü kazanç fırsatları sunuyor.
I admire what you have done here. I like the part where you say you are doing this to give back but I would assume by all the comments that this is working for you as well. 먹튀사이트
Thank you so much for sharing this great blog.Very inspiring and helpful too.Hope you continue to share more of your ideas.I will definitely love to read. ดูบอล