1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
I appreciate the time and effort put into creating this informative link
employee payroll management software india
Thank you for very usefull information.. 해외스포츠중계
others in the same way that you helped me.
ข่าวไอที
I found such huge numbers of intriguing stuff with regards to your blog particularly its dialog. Extremely its incredible article. Keep it up. 英文補習
Thank You So Much for sharing.I have found it extremely helpful . you can also read my latest blog travelling salesman problem , direct store delivery
IPX-729 ไม่อิ่มท้องเขมือบน้องจ้อนใหญ่ Nanami Misaki
เรื่องย่อ
หนังโป๊ซับไทย AV Subthai IPX-729 ไม่อิ่มท้องเขมือบน้องจ้อนใหญ่ Nanami Misaki นางเอกสาวสุดสวยเธออยู่กับสามีที่บ้านนอก วันหนึ่งน้องชายของสามีได้มาเยี่ยมที่บ้าน เธอนั้นรู้ทันทีว่าน้องเขยคนนี้มีของดี เธอนั้นก็เลยแอบเล่นเสียวกันแบบได้ใจแตกในซะด้วย ติดตามต่อที่ https://av-ogc66.com/
폰허브 UI defines the future of mobile interfaces.
A great website with interesting and unique material what else would you need. qureka banner
A great website with interesting and unique material what else would you need. qureka banner
I think this is one of the most significant information for me. And i’m glad reading your article 무료스포츠중계
https://slotbri24jam.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/index.html
Thank you for this great read. I am really thankful to you for giving me glock 44 for sale blog commenting sites. It has been useful.
“Happy Get Fit” is a concept that encapsulates the idea that fitness should be a joyful and fulfilling journey rather than a daunting or burdensome task. It emphasizes the importance of finding happiness and satisfaction in the pursuit of a healthier lifestyle.
Cortez Clothing is a burgeoning fashion brand that has been making waves in the industry with its unique blend of style and comfort. Known for its innovative designs and high-quality materials, Cortez Clothing caters to individuals who appreciate both fashion-forward aesthetics and practicality in their attire.
Extraordinary information! I as of late ran over your blog and have been perusing along. I figured I would leave my first remark. I don’t have the foggiest idea what to state with the exception of that I have. 英文補習
An obligation of appreciation is all together for posting this data. I basically need to disclose to you that I essentially take a gander at your site and I find it outstandingly captivating and instructive. I can barely wait to examine lots of your posts. 英文補習
I want to start a blog but would like to own the domain. Any ideas how to go about this?. เลวานดอฟสกี้ อายุ
Normally I don’t learn post on blogs, however I would like to say that this write-up very forced me to take a look at and do so! Your writing style has been surprised me. Thank you, quite great article. เลวานดอฟสกี้ อายุ
Your essay is excellent. The quality of your writing is impressive.
I unquestionably adored each and every piece of it. I have you bookmarked your site to look at the new stuff you post. 英文補習
I’d want to speak to you right here. Which is not some issue I do! I love analyzing an editorial that could get humans to just accept as true with. Also, many thanks allowing me to remark! ufabet เว็บตรงทางเข้า มือถือ
You got a very fantastic website, Glad I observed it through yahoo. สถิติของ ฌูเวา แฟลิกส์
Do you have got a junk mail hassle on this blog; I additionally am a blogger, and I have become looking to recognise your situation; masses of us have evolved a few super strategies and we are searching out to alternate strategies with super parents, why not shoot me an e mail if interested. ufabet เว็บตรงทางเข้า มือถือ
The XXXTentacion Shop is a digital haven for fans of the late rapper and artist, XXXTentacion. This online store offers a wide range of merchandise, including clothing, accessories, and music, all bearing the iconic “REVENGE” branding and reflecting xxxtentacion shop distinctive style.
Excellent .. Amazing .. I’ll bookmark your blog and take the feeds also…I’m happy to find so many useful info here in the post, we need work out more techniques in this regard, thanks for sharing. 英文補習
Fascinating post. I Have Been contemplating about this issue, so thankful for posting. Truly cool post.It “s genuinely incredibly charming and Useful post.Thanks 補習社
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. 佐敦補習
I would like to convey my admiration for your generosity in support of men and women that have the need for help with this particular concern. Your special dedication to getting the message all over had been wonderfully productive and have all the time made professionals much like me to attain their dreams. Your own invaluable tutorial means a great deal to me and additionally to my office workers. Thank you; from everyone of us. PROSTADINE REVIEWS
Jollibee is a popular choice for both dine-in and delivery. It offers a variety of dining options, including tables for families and groups, as well as a children’s play area. Jollibee also offers delivery services through its website and mobile app.
Incredible post! I am really preparing to over this data, is extremely useful my companion. Additionally incredible blog here with the majority of the significant data you have. Keep doing awesome doing here. 補習社
I think this is among the most vital info for me. And i am glad reading your article. But want to remark on some general things, The site style is great, the articles is really great : D. Good job, cheers GLUCOTRUST REVIEWS
This was very informative 유럽축구중계
An interesting dialogue is price comment. I feel that it is best to write more on this matter, it may not be a taboo topic however usually individuals are not enough to talk on such topics. To the next. Cheers. 해외축구중계
Some times its a pain in the ass to read what blog owners wrote but this site is very user friendly ! . all day slimming tea
You have outdone yourself this time. It is probably the best, most short step by step guide that I have ever seen. Doujindesu Apk
Szmule, WANTING CHICKS Sex Announcements Erotic Ads. ogłoszenia erotyczne
Toyota HiAce for rent in Islamabad
“Are you ready to make the most of your time in Islamabad? Look no further than our Toyota HiAce rental service. We’re here to ensure that your visit to the beautiful capital of Pakistan is not only memorable but also exceptionally comfortable.
Our Toyota HiAce rentals are the epitome of style and convenience. Whether you’re exploring the city’s vibrant markets, historical landmarks, or natural beauty, our vehicles provide the perfect combination of space, luxury, and reliability.
Toyota HiAce for rent in Islamabad
I will bookmark for next reference
https://flowers-name.online/
HiAce for rent in Islamabad
“Convenience and comfort await you with our HiAce rental service in Islamabad. We understand that when you’re on the move, having the right transportation can make all the difference in your travel experience.
Our HiAce rentals are designed to provide you with the utmost convenience and space, making them perfect for family trips, group outings, or any situation where you need extra room for passengers and belongings. Say goodbye to cramped spaces and hello to spacious seating and ample storage.
HiAce for rent in Islamabad
Hi, thank you so much for sharing this, it is extremely useful. Thanks again 유럽축구중계
I personally think that is the greatest blogger And I wanna following you anyway
คาสิโนสดevolution
The CSOne is online upkeep the executives programming intended for support and fix specialist co-ops. It is explicitly intended to satisfy the prerequisites for these administrations and effectively improved profitability of thousands of clients around the globe 補習社
That is really nice to hear. thank you for the update and good luck. Doujindesu Apk
A debt of gratitude is in order for imparting decent data to us. I like your post and all you share with us is exceptional and very enlightening, I might want to bookmark the page so I can come here again to peruse you, as you have made a magnificent showing. 補習社
You’ve finished in astounding work. t propose to my frtends ind personilly wtll certitnly dtgtt. t’m conftdent they’ll be gitned from thts webstte. 補習社
I was satisfied to discover this site.I needed to thank you for this incredible read!! I unquestionably getting a charge out of each and every piece of it and I have you bookmarked to look at new stuff you post. 補習社
Awesome article , I am going to spend more time learning about this topic FUE Hair Transplant
Totally awesome posting! Loads of valuable data and motivation, both of which we all need!Relay welcome your work. Phy 補習班
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. Read More Interested Article.
Our custom boxes are crafted with precision and care, tailored to meet your unique needs. Whether you require packaging for a product, gift, or promotional materials, we offer a wide range of sizes, materials, and customization options. Elevate your brand and make a lasting impression with our high-quality, personalized boxes.
A Custom Boxes