1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
“14 Hangover Cures That You Haven’t Heard Of (Number 10 Works Every Time!)”
안전놀이터
“This Is Why Business Owners are Investing in Bitcoin”먹튀검증
This site can be a walk-through its the information you wanted concerning this and didn’t know who to ask. Glimpse here, and you’ll undoubtedly discover it. construction company
home repair can be difficult specially if you do not have any idea at all about what you are doing,, ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบเว็บตรง
If you wish to finish up plainly one amongst the thought escorts then you ought to have certainty. Certainty is one amongst the principle qualities that every effective escort need to have.
pittsburghseoservices
If you wish to finish up plainly one amongst the thought escorts then you ought to have certainty. Certainty is one amongst the principle qualities that every effective escort need to have.
pittsburghseoservices
It is rather valuable, conversely it is important in an attempt to check out employing site: sbobet ca
Stylish folks inscribe, the net is quite salubrious in addition awesome, We are going to offer acquire linked to the entire world. can cats have watermelon
“Do all the good you can, for all the people you can, in all the ways you can, as long as you can. 먹튀검증
“Don’t settle for what life gives you; make life better and build something.” 메이저놀이터
inkheart has great graphics but the story is not that very impressive; ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบเว็บตรง
“I like criticism. It makes you strong.” 메이저사이트추천
“You never really learn much from hearing yourself speak.” 토토사이트
Saya ingin mendalami topik ini lebih lanjut. jasa penerjemah tersumpah bahasa inggris
You have a good point here! I totally agree with what you have said !! Thanks for sharing your views … hope more people will read this article 기가평생주소
“The unexamined life is not worth living.” 토토사이트
Wow i like yur site. It really helped me with the information i wus looking for. Appcriciate it, will bookmark. sight care reviews
I conceive this web site holds some real superb information for everyone : D. sight care reviews
Terima kasih atas ilmu baru ini. paket aqiqah tangerang kota
Artikel yang sangat inspiratif! Saya merasa termotivasi. jasa penerjemah tersumpah bahasa inggris
“Turn your wounds into wisdom.” 메이저사이트
I was impressed. On blogs, information and entertainment are rare. It is nevertheless spot-on. You have a valuable website. Essentials Brown Hoodie
Succeed! It might be one of the most useful blogs and websites. The best we could find on this subject. This is great! It’s easy for me to understand your effort since I’m also an expert. Thank you so much.
Essentials Hoodie
Penyampaian informasinya sangat menarik. paket aqiqah murah bekasi
The Essentials Hoodie is a must-have wardrobe staple, combining comfort and style effortlessly. Crafted from high-quality, soft materials, it provides unmatched coziness, making it perfect for lounging or staying active. With its versatile design, this hoodie seamlessly complements various outfits, from casual to athleisure. Its snug fit and durable construction ensure long-lasting wear, while the kangaroo pocket adds functionality and a touch of urban flair. Available in a range of trendy colors, theessentials hoodie caters to diverse tastes. Whether you’re layering up for a chilly day or seeking a laid-back fashion statement, this hoodie is an essential addition to your collection.
The Essentials Hoodie is a must-have wardrobe staple, combining comfort and style effortlessly. Crafted from high-quality, soft materials, it provides unmatched coziness, making it perfect for lounging or staying active. With its versatile design, this hoodie seamlessly complements various outfits, from casual to athleisure. essentials hoodiesnug fit and durable construction ensure long-lasting wear, while the kangaroo pocket adds functionality and a touch of urban flair.
nice article
thanks for sharing with us
Digital Marketing Course In Hyderabad
Howdy just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your content seem to be running off the screen in Safari. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know. The layout look great though! Hope you get the issue resolved soon. Kudos ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบเว็บตรง
Crafted from high-quality, soft materials, it provides unmatched coziness, making it perfect for lounging or staying active. With its versatile design, this hoodie seamlessly complements various outfits, from casual to athleisure. Its snug fit and durable construction ensure long-lasting wear, while the kangaroo pocket adds functionality and a touch of urban flair. Available in a range of trendy colors, the
essentials hoodie caters to diverse tastes.
plastic and storage bins are both great, if i want a more durable storage bins then i would opt for steel storage bins` ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบเว็บตรง
Thank you for any other informative site. The place else could I am getting that kind of information written in such a perfect approach? I have a mission that I’m just now running on, and I have been on the look out for such info 캡토토
sulebet
sulebet
Excellent things from you, man. Ive examine your things before and youre just too awesome. I love what youve received here, love what youre stating and the way you say it. You make it entertaining and you still manage to hold it intelligent. I cant wait to read more from you. This really is really a wonderful blog. tea packing machine
Artikel yang informatif dan mudah dimengerti. jasa penerjemah tersumpah bahasa inggris
This is the post I was looking for. I am very happy to read this article. If you have time, please come to my site 먹튀검증 and share your thoughts. Have a nice day.
Terima kasih atas pandangannya yang menarik. aqiqah bekasi selatan
This post is good enough to make somebody understand this amazing thing, and I’m sure everyone will appreciate this interesting things 슬롯 사이트
Saya ingin melihat lebih banyak artikel dari Anda. jasa penerjemah tersumpah bahasa inggris
Memainkan Situs Game Online Terpercaya ini yang menawarkan peluang memenangkan jackpot besar yang bertambah setiap taruhan, juga bisa menjadi strategi yang baik. Terakhir, mengetahui kapan harus berhenti dan mengelola ekspektasi sangat penting untuk menghindari kerugian dan menikmati permainan.
Informasinya sangat relevan dan berguna. aqiqah bekasi utara
I’ll be sure to come back. 슬롯 사이트
Artikel yang sangat membantu! Terima kasih banyak. jasa penerjemah tersumpah bahasa inggris
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you write again soon 안전놀이터 I would like to write an article based on your article. When can I ask for a review?!
Saya suka bagaimana Anda menghubungkan semua informasi ini. aqiqah depok
Nice post. I was continuously checking this blog and I am impressed! Extremely useful info particularly the last part .I care for such information much. I was seeking this particular info for a long time. Thank you and good luck . 캡사이트
Artikel yang bagus untuk pemula. jasa penerjemah tersumpah bahasa inggris
Terima kasih atas saran yang bermanfaat. jasa aqiqah jakarta selatan
I wear t have room schedule-wise right now to completely read your site yet I have bookmarked it and furthermore include your RSS channels. I will return in a day or two. much obliged for an extraordinary site 모모벳도메인
This is very interesting, I love how you express yourself in form of writing. You’re a very skilled blogger. I have joined your feed and look forward to seeking more of your wonderful post
메이저사이트