1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
This is often at the same time a good present that many of us seriously enjoyed browsing. It’s not at all on a daily basis which i provide the likeliness to check something. 구조대주소
Thanks for providing recent updates regarding the concern, I look forward to read more 티비무료
c
The looks really great. Most of these smaller details are usually created employing wide range of heritage knowledge. I would like all of it substantially 오늘의스포츠중계
Nice article. Thanks for sharing this article with us. boutiq carts Keep sharing more related blogs. Great work!
I were browsing on-line greater than 3 hours in recent times, but I by no means located any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty properly well worth sufficient for me. In my opinion, if all web proprietors and bloggers made acceptable content as you did, the internet might be plenty extra beneficial than ever earlier than. sbobet
Experience boundless joy at the 유흥사이트. It’s a hub of excitement that caters to diverse entertainment preferences.
In other words, collagen supplements do not help you rebuild collagen after it’s been damaged from injury and wear and tear — or even reverse its natural depletion as you age collagen peptides
comment
Fun88 là một nhà cái cá cược trực tuyến uy tín hàng đầu tại Châu Á và Việt Nam với hơn 10 năm kinh nghiệm trong nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau.
Trong nhiều năm qua, Fun88 ngày càng khẳng định được bản thân với những tiêu chí nền tảng như: an toàn cho khách hàng, uy tín, nhanh chóng, thuận tiện, và dễ dàng. Đi cùng đó là nhiều tính năng hấp dẫn như: Cá cược Thể Thao, trò chơi Casino, Slot, Bắn cá, và Lotto.
#fun88 #dangkyfun88 #fun88dangnhap #nhacaifun88 #fun88link
Website: https://www.fun88site.com/
while your internet site or weblog goes stay for the primary time, it’s far interesting. this is till you understand no one but you and your. เว็บพนันบอลดีที่สุด2023
Howdy! I truly would like to offer a big thumbs up for the high-quality records you have here on this publish. I will possibly be coming again in your weblog for greater speedy. เล่นบอลออนไลน์เว็บไหนดีpantip
Ask ChatGPT for quick analyses, trends, and indicators to obtain a preliminary understanding of a stock’s performance. buy AI stock
Use ChatGPT to brainstorm ideas, co-write stories, and explore a wide range of topics. ChatGPT Plus sign up
ChatGPT can be a valuable tool for obtaining general insights and educational perspectives on stocks. However, due diligence, careful analysis, and consultation with financial experts remain essential when making investment decisions. buy AI stock
pg slot pg slot สมัครเล่นเกมใหม่ เราได้เปิดโอกาสให้เพื่อนๆ ได้เข้ามาเป็นลูกค้าหน้าใหม่ ผ่านระบบการสมัครสมาชิก บนหน้าเว็บไซต์ของเราวันนี้ เพื่อเข้ามาสัมผัสกับการอัพเดท ระบบครั้งใหญ่ อีกทั้งยังมีการนำเกมใหม่ๆ ที่ต้องบอกเพื่อนๆ เลยว่าไม่เคยได้เห็นหรือ เคยได้เล่นกันที่ไหนมากก่อนอย่างแน่นอน
I desired to thanks for this first rate study!! I simply taking part in every little little bit of it I have you ever bookmarked to check out new belongings you post. UFABET 4ตั
ChatGPT Plus offers subscription plans at a reasonable monthly fee, making premium features accessible. ChatGPT Plus sign up
เว็บแทงบอลจ่ายจริง มีการทำงานอย่างไร ? Great post, and great website. Thanks for the information!
Great post, and great website. Thanks for the information! เว็บแทงบอลจ่ายจริง มีการทำงานอย่างไร ?
This is my first time i visit here. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here! keep up the good work video porno
Do you now about karnataka ration card status, its india sacheme for indian poor people created by Modi
tokenpocket官网
TokenPocket 全球领先的区块链钱包,为千万用户提供可信赖的服务,TP钱包帮助你安全管理比特币, 以太坊, ATOM, EOS, TRX, CKB, BCH, LTC 等资产,并支持币币兑换和 DApp 浏览器
https://seosmmfarm.com/
Do you feel hesitate for your reviews will be live or drop? Why you feel nervous! We have 6 years experienced reviews
I appreciate our conversation! This topic really matters to me, and I enjoy discovering more about it. If you can, as you become more knowledgeable, could you add more details to your blog? Your insights are super useful for me. Thank you for being so helpful, and I’m excited to learn more from you!plumbing camera
quite first-rate post. I simply stumbled upon your blog and wanted to mention that i have clearly enjoyed browsing your weblog posts. in any case I’ll be subscribing to your feed and i hope you write once more soon! 裝修公司
OLXPASTIBAYAR
How numerous an attractive manual, hold on making higher 1/2 เว็บพนันบอลดีที่สุดpantip
Tulisan yang bagus! Teruskan karyamu. Penerjemah Tersumpah
Ide yang menarik. Bagaimana kamu menemukannya? interior detailing mobil
Terima kasih sudah mencerahkan hari saya. Dokter Gigi Soreang
Saya setuju dengan pendapatmu. Kursus Toefl Online Bersertifikat
While supplies such as food, water, and shelter Nigoal may represent the conventional picture of humanitarian aid,
Sudah lama saya mencari informasi ini! catering aqiqah jakarta
Gaya menulismu sangat menarik. jasa penerjemah tersumpah jakarta
Hi there, Can I download this post photograph and employ it on my personal blogging site? jasa terjemahan
imtoken钱包
imToken Wallet is a digital asset wallet based on blockchain technology, designed to help users manage, trade and protect their encrypted digital assets. It is a mobile app that initially focused on tokens and assets in Ethereum and other Ethereum ecosystems, but has since expanded to support other blockchain networks and tokens as well.
Wow! Ini benar-benar membuka pikiran saya. harga coating mobil
Sangat menginspirasi. Terima kasih! Dokter Gigi Soreang
Artikel ini sangat membantu. Kursus Toefl Online Bersertifikat
Ini adalah bacaan yang wajib bagi semua orang. pesan aqiqah jakarta pusat
Saya benar-benar dapat merasakan semangatmu melalui tulisan ini. jasa penerjemah tersumpah
Terima kasih telah membagikan sudut pandangmu. detailing mobil artinya
Saya belajar banyak dari tulisanmu. Dokter Gigi Soreang
Saya belajar banyak dari tulisanmu. Kursus Toefl Online Bersertifikat
Apa referensi yang kamu gunakan untuk artikel ini? menu aqiqah sederhana
Saya menantikan postinganmu berikutnya. penerjemah bahasa inggris tersumpah
Gambar dan ilustrasi menambah nilai artikelmu. pencucian mobil 24 jam terdekat
Ini adalah perspektif yang saya belum pernah dengar sebelumnya. Dokter Gigi Soreang
Tulisan yang mendalam dan berwawasan. Kursus Toefl Online Bersertifikat
1 Win Azərbaycan qumardan pul qazanmaq üçün ən yaxşı yerdir