1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Great! It sounds good. Thanks for sharing.. Cymath
Mathe Hoogeboom, eigenaar van Httpmarketing de SEO-specialisten in Stadskanaal, dé toonaangevende SEO-dienstverlener in Groningen en daarbuiten! Wij helpen bedrijven om een sterke online aanwezigheid op te bouwen en verkeer naar hun website te genereren. Met onze expertise in zoekmachineoptimalisatie (SEO) en Google-ranking zorgen we ervoor dat uw bedrijf vindbaar is en gevonden wordt door potentiële klanten. Ons ervaren team van SEO-professionals optimaliseert uw website en inhoud zodat deze gebruiksvriendelijk en goed zichtbaar zijn in zoekmachines. Samen streven we ernaar om uw positie in Google te verbeteren, zodat u meer potentiële klanten kunt bereiken. Met onze uitgebreide oplossingen kunt u rekenen op betere zichtbaarheid, hogere rankings, meer organisch verkeer en een hogere conversie op uw website. Als u op zoek bent naar professionele SEO-services om uw bedrijf te laten groeien, dan bent u bij ons aan het juiste adres. Ons team van SEO-specialisten en experts in zoekmachineoptimalisatie zal u helpen om een sterke online aanwezigheid te creëren en uw omzet te verhogen. Neem vandaag nog contact met ons op voor meer informatie over onze diensten en hoe we uw doelen kunnen verwezenlijken! Assen SEO bureau
Hmm it appears like your website ate my first comment (it was super long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I had written and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog. I as well am an aspiring blog blogger but I’m still new to everything. Do you have any points for novice blog writers? I’d certainly appreciate it. chumba casino
My partner and i make use of only quality top quality goods — you will observe these individuals about: acim
Through this post, I know that your good knowledge in playing with all the pieces was very helpful. I notify that this is the first place where I find issues I’ve been searching for. You have a clever yet attractive way of writing.
個人が稼ぐ時代
During this selected different page, you’ll see any, be sure to selecting the fact that write-up. ucdm
A very awesome blog post. We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up pangeos yacht
Wow, incredible blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your site is excellent, as well as the content! Ikaria Lean Belly Juice Supplement
A very awesome blog post. We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up Formateur professionnel d’adultes
thank you for a great post. dumpster rentals columbia sc
i sincerely like this article please preserve it up. video porno
Thanks for a wonderful share. Your article has proved your hard work and experience you have got in this field. Brilliant .i love it reading.dumpster rentals columbia sc
A decent blog dependably concocts new and energizing data and keeping in mind that understanding I have feel that this blog is truly have each one of those quality that qualify a blog to be a one. EMAGRECEDOR
I’m truly enjoying the design and layout of your site. It’s a very easy on the eyes which makes it much more pleasant for me to come here and visit more often. Did you hire out a developer to create your theme? Fantastic work! LIV PURE REVIEWS UK
Your analysis of the French railway industry is impressively thorough and insightful. It’s fascinating to see the parallels you’ve drawn between the railway Traffic and airline industries, especially in terms of revenue management. Your ideas for using decay dates to manage inventory and optimizing seating options for various customer segments are innovative. The consideration of space, time, and pricing strategies demonstrates a deep understanding of the industry’s dynamics. Your detailed approach shows how your thought process could contribute positively to this field. Well done.
Useful information. Fortunate me I discovered your web site by chance, and I’m surprised why this twist of fate didn’t happened earlier! I bookmarked it. buy now
Betting website, สูตรสล็อตแตกง่าย , where the game service is imported is copyrighted. directly from the game camp not through agent high payout rate Importantly, there are Slots lose 5% every day, a promotion that refunds if a player loses their bets. Worthy promotion that you can’t miss. Euroma88 makes all your bets full of peace of mind.
I am satisfied this it grew to become out so nicely and I desire it’ll keep within the destiny due to the fact it is so interesting and meaningful to the network. link m88
Print Way UAE
When you use a genuine service, you will be able to provide instructions, share materials and choose the formatting style. quietum plus reviews
thank you for a great post. IPQualityScore
chatgpt signup welcome to the world of ChatGPT, a cutting-edge language model developed by OpenAI, the preeminent AI research organization in the United States. Experience the fusion of artificial intelligence and engaging conversations.
My brother recommended I may like this web site. He was entirely right. This publish actually made my day. You can not consider just how so much time I had spent for this information! Thank you! server power supply
Situs Slot Gacor number one in the world.
https://mybill.pk/iesco-online-bill/WAPDA has a division called Islamabad Electric Supply Company (IESCO) to administer the obligations and duties of the Islamabad region, established in 1998.
I would like to convey my admiration for your generosity in support of men and women that have the need for help with this particular concern. Your special dedication to getting the message all over had been wonderfully productive and have all the time made professionals much like me to attain their dreams. Your own invaluable tutorial means a great deal to me and additionally to my office workers. Thank you; from everyone of us. شرط برتر
Thanks for your marvelous posting! I quite enjoyed reading it. You can be a great author. I will remember to bookmark your blog and will often come back later in life. I encourage you to continue your great writing, have a nice weekend! Find Love Online
Raily industry is flourishing, not just in France, but Europe.
stanford weight loss program
New web site is looking good. Thanks for the great effort. Cymath
منصة مدرستي التعليمية في المملكة العربية السعودية: الخدمات المقدمة وطرق تسجيل الدخول
تعدُّ منصة مدرستي واحدة من أبرز المبادرات التكنولوجية في المجال التعليمي في المملكة العربية السعودية. تأتي هذه المنصة ضمن رؤية المملكة الرامية إلى تحسين جودة التعليم وتمكين العملية التعليمية من خلال التكنولوجيا. تُقَدِّم منصة مدرستي مجموعة متنوعة من الخدمات للطلاب والمعلمين وأولياء الأمور، مما يسهم في تحقيق تجربة تعليمية متميزة ومُحسَّنة.
الخدمات المقدمة من قبل منصة مدرستي
1. التعليم عن بُعد:
تُتيح منصة مدرستي للطلاب والمعلمين فرصة الوصول إلى المحتوى التعليمي عبر الإنترنت، ما يسمح لهم بالتعلم وتقديم الدروس والمحاضرات من أي مكان وفي أي وقت. يمكن للطلاب الاستفادة من الدروس المسجلة والمواد التعليمية المتنوعة، وهذا يُعزِّز من مرونة وتنوع وسائل التعلم.
2. الواجبات والاختبارات عبر الإنترنت:
يمكن للمعلمين إعطاء الواجبات والاختبارات عبر منصة مدرستي، وبالتالي يمكن للطلاب تسليم أعمالهم وإجاباتهم عبر الإنترنت. هذا يُسهِّل عملية التقييم ويتيح للمعلمين تتبع تقدم الطلاب بشكل فعّال.
3. التواصل والتفاعل:
تشجِّع منصة مدرستي على التواصل الفعّال بين الطلاب والمعلمين. يمكن للطلاب طرح الأسئلة واستفساراتهم عبر المنصة، ويستجيب المعلمون بسرعة وفعالية. هذا يُعزِّز التفاعل ويسهم في توفير بيئة تعليمية داعمة.
4. متابعة تقدم الطلاب
توفِّر منصتي واجهة للأولياء تتيح لهم متابعة تقدم أبنائهم في الدروس والاختبارات. يمكن لأولياء الأمور الاطلاع على نتائج الاختبارات والأعمال الواجبة والتواصل مع المعلمين لمعرفة تفاصيل أكثر عن أداء أبنائهم.
طرق تسجيل الدخول للطلاب والمعلمين وأولياء الأمور
تسجيل الدخول للطلاب
– يتم تزويد الطلاب بمعرّف وكلمة مرور تسمح لهم بالوصول إلى منصة مدرستي.
– يمكن للطلاب تسجيل الدخول من خلال الموقع الرسمي للمنصة أو عبر تطبيق موبايل مُخصص.
تسجيل الدخول للمعلمين
– يحصل المعلمون على حسابات خاصة بهم تمكنهم من إدارة الصفوف وتقديم المحتوى التعليمي.
– يتم توفير واجهة تسجيل الدخول للمعلمين على الموقع الرسمي للمنصة أو عبر التطبيق المحمول.
تسجيل الدخول لأولياء الأمور
– يُمنح أولياء الأمور حسابات تمكنهم من متابعة تقدم أبنائهم والتواصل مع المعلمين.
– يمكن لأولياء الأمور تسجيل الدخول إلى المنصة من خلال البوابة المخصصة لهم على الموقع أو من خلال التطبيق المحمول.
تعد منصة مدرستي التعليمية في المملكة العربية السعودية خطوة هامة نحو تطوير وتحسين العملية التعليمية باستخدام التكنولوجيا. من خلال توفير خدمات متعددة تستهدف الطلاب والمعلمين وأولياء الأمور، تُسهِّل المنصة الوصول إلى المحتوى التعليمي وتعزز التفاعل والتواصل بين جميع فاعلي العملية التعليمية. تمثل منصة مدرستي مثالًا مشرِّفًا على كيفية استخدام التكنولوجيا لتعزيز جودة التعليم وتحقيق تجربة تعليمية متميزة.
exceptional article. Very thrilling to read. I sincerely like to read such a pleasant article. thanks! maintain rocking. bokep jepang
There some interesting factors in time here but I do not determine if those people center to heart. There may be a few validity but I’m going to take keep opinion until I find out it similarly. Great put up , thanks and now we need lots more! Included with FeedBurner likewise Phrazle
An thrilling speak is fee comment. I feel that it’s far great to write down more on this matter, it could now not be a taboo topic however commonly people aren’t sufficient to talk on such topics. To the next. Cheers. video porno
Hindi Desi Serial Show Bigg Boss 17 Today Episode Full Hd Video, Apne Tv Bigg Boss Season 17 All Latest Updates, Bigg Boss 17 Live Episode Mx Player.
BOOSTARO REVIEW BOOSTARO – Boostaro Review ⚠️ DOES BOOSTARO REALLY WORK ?⚠️ Boostaro Reviews – Where To Buy Boostaro
This is a truly good site post. Not too many people would actually, the way you just did. I am really impressed that there is so much information about this subject that have been uncovered and you’ve done your best, with so much class. If wanted to know more about green smoke reviews, than by all means come in and check our stuff. circle app parental controls
Experience unforgettable getaways in Atlanta with ourVacation Homes For Rent. Indulge in luxury resorts near Atlanta, offering stunning accommodations for a perfect vacation. Discover beautiful homes for vacation and make it memorable.
thank you so much thank you so much. shop
Slot88 Rekomendasi Situs Judi Slot Server Mpo Gampang Maxwin
I went over this web site and I think you have a lot of great information, saved to fav (:. Panasonic 1800W Garments Steamer NI-GSE050
Merely wanna state that this is very beneficial , Thanks for taking your time to write this. msi laptops in pakistan
Awesome article, it was exceptionally helpful! I simply began in this and I’m becoming more acquainted with it better! Cheers, keep doing awesome! You may check our website also. شيشة الكترونية
Some truly howling work on behalf of the owner of this website , dead great subject matter. Dr Rashel Collagen Essence Cleansing Mousse
As expected, there are so many good articles in the world that give you strength and make you feel many things 먹튀검증 so I understand how you feel when you write this article
Saya sepenuhnya setuju dengan pandangan Anda. Sangat relevan! tempat cucian mobil terdekat
What do you think of Russia? I don’t like it very much I hope Japan sinks soon I’ll just ask once and then I’ll come back to talk hahahaha레플리카시계 and I felt responsible for receiving this warm energy and sharing it with many people
Bagaimana Anda melakukan riset untuk artikel ini? Sumbernya sangat detail! Dokter Gigi Soreang
If you look at the content and benefits of this blog, I really recommend it nusantara77
thank you very much because this blog is very useful and the content is very cool dewa4d
Tulisan yang berbobot! Saya akan bookmark halaman ini. paket aqiqah bekasi