1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Thanks for the articles on your blog, I hope our website, which provides information about thermal hotels, will reach a larger audience like you in the future and become a useful blog for people. Buy Cocaine Online
wonderful post, very informative. I wonder why the other experts of this sector don’t notice this. You should continue your writing. I am confident, you’ve a huge readers’ base already! buy cloned credit cards
Where to buy fake documents online | Legit documents for sale. For Real Fake Documents & other registered documents Services Online Apply now!
get a passport online usa
where to buy ielts certificate without exam
Get Fake ID card online uk
order fake driver’s license for sale near me
Buy genuine driving license usa
Apply for Schengen Resident Permit for sell
how to Get fake Argentina passport for sale online
buy fake Italian passport near me
can I buy a fake Netherlands passport online usa
Get Finland passport for sale
How to get fake Guatemala passport online for sale
buy fake passport in uk
Buy Portuguese passport online us
How to get usa passport online
Where to buy fake Malaysian passport for sale
can I apply for Australaian drivers license in usa
how can I buy fake Texas drivers license near me
where to get Swedish drivers license online for sale
where to get a polish drivers license online
buy Guatemala passport online usa
registered identity card for sale
buy Canadian visa online Canada
get ielts certificate without exam 2023
get fake passport online uk
driving license online us for sale
where to get resident permit online
buy a gun license online usa free shipping
where to apply for a Canadian passport online
How to Get fake uk passport in usa
Apply for a California drivers license for sale
Buy Belgian passport online cheap
where can I get Australian passport online
how to apply for Norwegian passport
Get a Spanish drivers license for sale near me
How to get Greece driver’s license online 2023
Best place to Apply for French passport online
Get for a genuine german passport online
Where to get Austrian passport for sale
How to get real or fake Irish passport in usa 2023
Get a schengen visa online in 5days
How to apply for schengen visa online
The big and famous slots website The most given away in 2023 99club is ready to give you fun. Play on all platforms, 24 hours a day, wherever you are, press to receive free bonuses from สล็อตยิงปลา / promotions to create happiness in spinning easily, just apply for membership, these specials will knock on your door immediately.
https://harapan77.net
Fantastic article. Cool. Ikaria Lean Belly Juice
I am all that much satisfied with the substance you have specified. I needed to thank you for this awesome article. 物理補習班
This is extremely incredible work. Much thanks to you for sharing such a decent and valuable data here in the blog for understudies. 物理補習班
Hi there, I found your website via Google while searching for a related topic, your website came up, it looks great. I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks. ALPILEAN REVIEWS
Great post I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this interesting and knowledgeable article.
http://9animeonline.xyz/
Dengan mengikuti jadwal jam beserta provider situs slot138 resmi yang kami berikan, kalian dapat mengikuti bocoran slot gacor yang kami berikan. Setelah mendaftarkan diri anda dan memasukan deposit kedalam provider resmi yang ingin kalian coba, kalian dapat menemukan slot yang disediakan dan dengan jajaran permainan yang kami berikan di dalam situs slot gacor.
I want you to thank for your time of this wonderful read!!! I definately enjoy every little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff of your blog a must read blog! 佐敦補習
I know your aptitude on this. I should say we ought to have an online discourse on this. Composing just remarks will close the talk straight away! What’s more, will confine the advantages from this data. Phy 補習班
오랫동안 나와 내 친구는 유한 블습니다! 프리미어리그중계
Very useful post. This is my first time i visit here. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. Really its great article. Keep it up. 佐敦補習
I truly value this superb post that you have accommodated us. I guarantee this would be helpful for a large portion of the general population. 物理補習班
그것은 완전히 흥미로운 블로그 게시입니다. 저는 종종 Diwali Bumper Lottery에 대한 내 프로젝트의 도움을 위해 귀하의 게시물을 방문하고 귀하의 슈퍼 쓰기 기능은 진정으로 나를 깜짝 놀라게했습니다. 스포츠중계티비
This writer is fantastic, and it’s always a pleasure to read the content that this writer publishes here. I want to know if they’re going to talk about color fastness anytime soon. I’ve seen a lot of people talk about this recently so that is why I ask. 구조대토토
I just found this blog and have high hopes for it to continue. Keep up the great work, its hard to find good ones. I have added to my favorites lck베팅
” ‘훌륭한 유용한 리소스를 무료로 제공하는 가격을 알 수있는 웹 사이트를 보는 것이 좋습니다. 귀하의 게시물을 읽는 것이 정말 마음에 들었습니다. 감사합니다! 프리미어리그중계
Very informative post ! There is a lot of information 무지개주소
So luck to come across your excellent blog. Your blog brings me a great deal of fun.. Good luck with the site. 佐敦補習
Berikut adalah kiat – kiat yang kami para admin slot online berikan kepada kalian petaruh yang siap kami layani untuk bermain slot gacor. Alasan kami memberikan bocoran kepada kalian adalah Slot138 merupakan satu – satunya situs resmi slot online yang memberikan tingkat kemenangan tertinggi yang situs judi online dapat berikan berkat kepercayaan para provider slot yang kami bersarkan namanya seperti pragmatic play, pgsoft, habanero, yggdrasil, slot88, dan banyak provider slot lainnya. Kami juga dengan bangga memberikan kalian kepercayaan dengan memberitahu kepada petaruh judi slot bahwa kami Slot138 selalu membayar seluruh kemenangan slot gacor maxwin yang telah di menangkan oleh player setia kami. Berikut adalah jadwal slot gacor hari ini :
Slot Gacor Pragmatic Play Jam 01:30 WIB
Slot Gacor Pg Soft Jam 06:10 WIB
Slot Gacor Yggdrasil Jam 14:20 WIB
Slot Gacor Slot88 Jam 18:00 WIB
Slot Gacor Spadegaming Jam 00:50 WIB
This valuable appear to be most certainly good. Those very tiny facts are designed implementing a wide variety for experience know-how. That i love the reasoning behind a lot. 數學補習
It all is wholly right. All of little components were definitely generated thru countless checklist learning. I enjoy your application tons. 數學補習
Dengan banyak pilihan perjudian online mempermudah pengalaman sensasi kasino tentang Kasino Online Terbaik – kasino online terbaik.Dengan banyak pilihan permainan, bonus luar biasa, dan layanan pelanggan terbaik, tidak ada alasan untuk mencari di tempat lain selain bergabung di Casino Online Terbaik dan meraih pundian hadiah menarik yang mudah di menangkan di situs judi online yang terpercaya ini.
wow, awesome article post.Really thank you! Really Cool. LEANBIOME
My friend recommended this blog and he was totally right keep up the fantastic work! Google
This specific seems totally perfect. Every one of these little facts are made together with wide range of background knowing. I really like this particular a good deal. 數學補習
This sort of appears completely greatest. Each one of these small info tend to be produced as well as plenty of background info. I favor which a great deal. 數學補習
Great info! I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have. Phy 補習班
Awesome article post. Much obliged. LIV PURE REVIEWS
훌륭하게 작성된 기사, 모든 블로거가 동일한 콘텐츠를 제공한다면 인터넷이 훨씬 더 나은 곳이 될 것입니다 .. 프리미어리그중계
완전히 흥미로운 블로그 게시입니다. 저는 종종 Diwali Bumper Lottery에 대한 내 프로젝트의 도움을 위해 귀하의 게시물을 방문하고 귀하의 슈퍼 쓰기 기능은 진정으로 당황스러워했습니다.이 게시에 대해 많이 감사합니다. 온라인카지노
That is why a good idea is you need to connected examine prior to producing. You can actually distribute greater distribute this way. 數學補習
Once i also had written a website employing a the same concept will get that about create what you may envision. acim
It was thinking about whether I could utilize this review on my other site, I will connect it back to your site though.Great Thanks. 佐敦補習
Appreciate you sharing, great article post. Great. EndoPeak Reviews
It was a very good post indeed. I thoroughly enjoyed reading it in my lunch time. Will surely come and visit this blog more often. Thanks for sharing. kibho login
There is so much in this article that I would never have thought of on my own. Your content gives readers things to think about in an interesting way. Thank you for your clear information. jbzd
A portable fish finder has other benefits too. They are light-weight and simple to use. Plus they let you use a fish finder in eventualities where you will not be able to employ a fixed one. 佐敦補習
I think this is a really good article. You make this information interesting and engaging. You give readers a lot to think about and I appreciate that kind of writing. jbzd
There is so much in this article that I would never have thought of on my own. Your content gives readers things to think about in an interesting way. Thank you for your clear information. kibho login
Great post full of useful tips! My site is fairly new and I am also having a hard time getting my readers to leave comments. Analytics shows they are coming to the site but I have a feeling “nobody wants to be first”. 佐敦補習
Got the best platform while being at home which I was looking for almost a decade and believe me I am not disappointed a bit! Great opportunity here! Five Stars! top brand strategy consulting firms
wow, awesome blog.Thanks Again. Much obliged. BOOSTARO REVIEWS
Cool stuff you have got and you keep update all of us. data hongkong
I like to recommend every subject material. It is often excellent to clear up you are going to demonstrate around thoughts out of mid but also image quality making use of this priceless subject material is rather easily accepted. 數學補習
pleasant post, stay aware of this fascinating work. It truly regards realize that this subject is being secured likewise on this site so cheers for setting aside time to talk about this! 佐敦補習
Useful info. Fortunate me I discovered your web site by accident, and I’m surprised why this coincidence did not came about earlier! I bookmarked it. 數學補習