1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
terima kasih atas infonya test toefl online
thank you for sharing, ditunggu update selanjutnya toefl itp online
I wanted to thank you for this excellent read!! I definitely loved every little bit of it. I have you bookmarked your site to check out the new stuff you post. https://www.fontshop.com/people/jisun-hong
hebat postingannya, inspiratif banget sih cuci mobil premium terdekat
website yang mempunyai banyak sekali informasi menarik, mantapp harga hidrolik cuci mobil bekas
infonya sangat menarik bos, di tunggu postingan terbarunya kursus toefl online bersertifikat
Semoga komentar-komentar ini bermanfaat paket aqiqah recommended
first comment, artikel yang bagus sekali mudah di pahami, tingkatkan bos cuci jok mobil terdekat
sangat memuaskan sekali penulisan dalam artikelnya sangat mudah untuk di pahami tes toefl online
pertamax gan terimakasih untuk infonya sangat membantu sekali tes toefl online bersertifikat
thanks atas share informasinya semoga bertambah lagi ilmunya, dan postingannya harga hidrolik cuci mobil
Saya merasa termotivasi untuk mencoba hal-hal baru setelah membaca ini. harga hidrolik cuci mobil bekas
TQ sob atas infonya, semoga kedepannya semakin lebih menarik lagi tes toefl itp online
Artikel yang informatif dan mudah dimengerti. Terima kasih! kursus toefl online
saya berterimakasih karena website ini selalu memberikan hal menarik harga hidrolik cuci mobil bekas
Thank you for agreeing to my comment.
Visit my website to get the best blogger quality!
Links:
https://www.thegalleryofheroes.com/
sangat memuaskan sekali penulisan dalam artikelnya sangat mudah untuk di pahami harga hidrolis cuci mobil
Sangat mengesankan! Saya terinspirasi untuk mengejar tujuan saya. kontraktor listrik tenaga surya
informasi yang bagus sekali semoga info ini bermanfaat test toefl itp online
informasi yang bagus sekali semoga info ini bermanfaat harga hidrolis cuci mobil
Penulisnya menunjukkan penguasaan yang luar biasa atas topik ini. peluang usaha bisnis rumahan
sangat memuaskan sekali artikelnya sangat mudah untuk di mengerti kursus toefl online
This blog is simply remarkable. The data right here will in reality be of some help to me. thank you!. exodus effect reviews
If you are looking for the best coc bases visit here Th 11 War base
Gaya penulisan yang menghibur dan menarik. Saya tidak bisa berhenti membacanya! salon mobil terbaik bandung
ditunggu update informasi selanjutnya cuci mobil premium
Nice blog and absolutely outstanding. You can do something much better but i still say this perfect.Keep trying for the best. poker88
Terimakasih atas beritanya pak, Saya Tunggu Berita yang barunya lagi toefl test online
saya berterimakasih karena website ini selalu memberikan hal menarik kepada kami biaya tes toefl
Artikel yang memberikan perspektif segar dan pandangan baru. dokter gigi soreang
sering-sering update lagi artikelnya harga hidrolik mobil
Haha that’s so funny. Hurry up and post the next one메이저사이트
Terima kasih atas pengetahuan yang berharga yang telah dibagikan dalam artikel ini. Dokter Gigi Soreang
selamat siang doanya semoga yang terbaik dan kebaikan selalu memihak aamiin toefl prediction test
Saya merasa terbantu dan terinspirasi setelah membaca tulisan ini. harga kambing aqiqah jakarta utara
Say goodbye to surface imperfections with Shot Blaster’s precision-engineered steel shots. Elevate your project quality with India’s best blasting solution provider! steel shots
Experience the power of innovation with Micro Blaster’s state-of-the-art steel shots. Their continuous research and development efforts ensure unmatched performance. steel shots
Mencari promo menarik dari provider slot online dapat menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi para penggemar permainan judi online di web Agen18 ini.
egblog الكلمات المفتاحية وكلمات البحث حيث يتم استخدامها في البحث العلمي ويكون لأغراض فهرسية، حتى يتمكن الأفراد من العثور على الدراسات التي يبحثون عنها الموجودة في قواعد بيانات الأبحاث العلمية كالمجلات وغيرها، كما يجب أن تضع في اعتبارك أنه في عام كان
human beings quite a few time absolutely disk force now there and additionally appearance in advance to sales man or woman to explicit to a person the specialised records for one netbook, NTX Keto Gummies
I truly appreciate this article post.Much thanks again. ANCIENT ILLUMINATI CODE
Hey there! I love soaking up new information and always try to approach life with a curious and open mind. If you’re interested in learning more, feel free to visit our website. Escorts in Indore
rekomendasi obat kuat
Mengatasi lemah syahwat dan ereksi kini suplemen TUINK hadir menjadi solusi pria yang susah ereksi dan kurang nya gairah seks
artikel yang bagus sekali semoga info ini bermanfaat hidrolik cuci mobil harga
I’m constantly searching on the internet for posts that will help me. Too much is clearly to learn about this. I believe you created good quality items in Functions also. Keep working, congrats!
consulting in dubai
Nothing compares to Weber using Genesis sort of grills. That is certainly the type gas grills which have been that will always make sure that they deliver a high performance part of down interval
consulting in dubai
I just thought it may be an idea to post incase anyone else was having problems researching but I am a little unsure if I am allowed to put names and addresses on here. novelas
Artikel yang mendalam dan memberikan sudut pandang yang unik. harga hidrolis cuci mobil
infonya sangat menarik bos, saya jadi terinspirasi tes toefl bersertifikat
Saya suka bagaimana penulis memberikan contoh nyata untuk mendukung argumennya. harga tes toefl