1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Our Blue French bulldog puppies come to you up to date on vaccinations, dewormings & Microchipped.
A health certification from a licensed veterinarian will be provided for every puppy. Veterinarian will check the puppy’s nose to tail before traveling to its new family.
We raise all of our French bulldogs with the highest standards of the breed and provide them all of the attention and love they need prior to being delivered to our customer’s home.
Our French bulldog puppies are well socialized and spend their time playing with other bulldogs as well as family and friends – we do this so when the dog sets foot in your home, he or she is use to human hands and smell.
very nice post amazing work keep up the good work for more social media services and promote your work please visit https://buyfbpagelikes.com
very nice post amazing work keep up the good work for more social media services and promote your work please visit onlinemahjong247.com
Yes, it is safe to use readymade swimming pools at your home. Usually, people use the portable pool to feel the luxury and comfort of playing with water at home. Furthermore, a portable swimming pool for adults is the best option to take water therapy within your comfort zone. Apart from that, if you have a concern about the safety of a portable pool, read the guidelines carefully. For more details, go through guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environment by WHO(World Health Organization).
https://aquafun.in/collections/above-ground-pools-accessories
امکانات MagSafe هنوز در حال گسترش است و ما هم امیدواریم که اپل، مثل موتورولا این تکنولوژی را فراموش نکند و در آینده نیز لوازم جانبی برای آن به بازار ارائه شود. یعنی الکی بالاست و به مرور زمان کاهش پیدا میکنه اما خوشبختانه یا متاسفانه معمولا دیگه از یه حدی ارزون تر نمیشه . چرا قیمت آیفون انقدر بالاست ؟ اگر دوس دارید یه آیفون بخرید بهتره قبل از هر چیزی قیمت آیفون رو در علم فردا چک کنید .
https://hakanmobile.com/buy-iphone-mobile/
BURSA303 Agen Judi melayani Daftar Judi Online Untuk Bermain Judi Bola, Casino Online, Judi Slot Online Terpercaya Indonesia Bonus Terbesar Deposit via Pulsa. 128.199.211.33
Nice blog, I will keep visiting this blog very often. 香港婚姻介紹所收費
I was seeking this particular information for a very long time. ✅ I also have some information related to this Topic on my website
Paket Tour Raja Ampat
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you write again soon! visto per il Canada online
Thanks for the marvelous post! ✅ I really enjoyed reading it, you might be a great author. I will certainly bookmark your blog and definitely will come back sometime soon. I want to encourage you to continue your great writing
Samsung S10 Plus Alcantara case
Naqqash Mughal™ is a diversified Group operating in Telecom, It Services, Construction, and real estate. Since its conceptualization in 2005, the group has transformed into a front-runner in multiple business sectors. We are the Inaugurator of the trend Golden Numbers in Pakistan, We have a huge collection of golden numbers for sale that is available on all networks like Jazz, Zong, Ufone, Telenor, Warid. Here you will find VIP numbers that suit your personality. Anyone can get benefit from an executive number, so have a look around, there is something for everyone. The diamond numbers will become a part of your identity. Available platinum numbers codes are 0300, 0321, 0313, 0333, 0345, 03111, 786, and much more.
>We are the oldest Jazz Golden Numbers provider in pakistan. Currently offering the best Jazz Golden Numbers for sale. Contact us for all kind of Jazz Golden Numbers 0300 And Jazz Golden Numbers 03000. We have currently available Jazz Numbers list 03222222221, 03001000006, 03017861786, 03044444000, 03001060000, 03009780000 in all codes and categories We have all kinds of Jazz numbers, Jazz platinum numbers, Jazz UAN numbers, Jazz diamond numbers, Jazz VIP numbers, Jazz silver numbers, and Jazz mobile sim numbers like Jazz center numbers, Jazz Hexa numbers, Jazz Penta numbers, Jazz tetra numbers, Jazz mother code 0300 number, Jazz 03000 numbers, Jazz 0309 king series numbers, Jazz 786 numbers, Jazz Islamic numbers.
We have latest Zong Golden Numbers collection in pakistan. Contact us for all kind of Zong Golden Numbers for sale and zong golden numbers 2020. Also Zong Book My Number Online and zong golden numbers online booking We have currently in available 03184000000, 03131115111, 03160066666, 03123456703, 03111199992, 03111848484 in all codes and Categories
We are the oldest Ufone Golden Numbers provider in pakistan. Contact us for all kind of Ufone Golden Numbers For Sale. We have currently in Ufone Numbers available list 03337777773, 03331111114, 03330000786, 03333333268, 03311113333, 03334333338, 03331131111 and much more.
Ufone Golden Numbers For Sale
We have all kinds of Ufone golden numbers, Ufone platinum numbers, Ufone UAN numbers, Ufone diamond numbers, Ufone vip numbers, Ufone silver numbers and Ufone mobile sim numbers like Ufone centa numbers, Ufone hexa numbers, Ufone penta numbers, Ufone tetra numbers, Ufone mother code 0333 number, Ufone 03333 numbers, Ufone 0330 king series numbers, Ufone 786 numbers, Ufone Islamic numbers. You can check online Ufone numbers from any search engines like google, yahoo, bring etc. Ufone golden number available for our clients all over in Pakistan. Feel free to call us now and book your own Ufone vip number.
We are the oldest Ufone Golden Numbers provider in pakistan. Contact us for all kind of Ufone Golden Numbers For Sale. We have currently in Ufone Numbers available list 03337777773, 03331111114, 03330000786, 03333333268, 03311113333, 03334333338, 03331131111 and much more.
Ufone Golden Numbers For Sale
We have all kinds of Ufone golden numbers, Ufone platinum numbers, Ufone UAN numbers, Ufone diamond numbers, Ufone vip numbers, Ufone silver numbers and Ufone mobile sim numbers like Ufone centa numbers, Ufone hexa numbers, Ufone penta numbers, Ufone tetra numbers, Ufone mother code 0333 number, Ufone 03333 numbers, Ufone 0330 king series numbers, Ufone 786 numbers, Ufone Islamic numbers. You can check online Ufone numbers from any search engines like google, yahoo, bring etc. Ufone golden number available for our clients all over in Pakistan. Feel free to call us now and book your own Ufone vip number.
We have best collection of Telenor Golden Numbers in Pakistan. Contact us for all kind of Telenor Golden Numbers Price. We have currently in available 03454666666, 03454999999, 03491234567, 03450000786, 03457867869, 03452722222 and much more.We have all kinds of Telenor special numbers, Telenor platinum numbers, Telenor UAN numbers, Telenor diamond numbers, Telenor vip numbers. Telenor silver numbers and Telenor mobile sim numbers like Telenor centa numbers, Telenor hexa numbers, Telenor penta numbers, Telenor tetra numbers.
Slot Jackpot Terbesar
Salah satu games menarik yang kini bisa dimainkan dengan mudah yaitu denan bermain judi slot online. Akan ada banyak sekali berbagai permainan judi slot dan pastinya banyak pemain yang bisa menikmati beberapa permainan judi slot jackpot terbesar yang bisa dinikmati dengan puas.
You make so many great points here ✅ that I read your article a couple of times. Your views are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is great content for your readers.
us lawyer list
wow very nice Buy Stripe Account
What a fantabulous post ✅. Never seen this kind of useful post. I am grateful to you and expect more number of posts like these. Thank you very much
online discount deals
KNbO3 Crystal
Non-linear crystal KNbO3 for second-harmonic generation of near infrared pulsed laser light
These very small facts are produced using wide range of qualifications✅ I favor the idea such a good deal. This specific seems to be definitely excellent
هکر
Additional remedies include Reiki and energy therapy, chiropractic therapy, massage, meditation and visualization, acupuncture, diet and nutrition, exercise, stretching and deep breathing exercises. salvia for sale
https://www.powerballsite.com
Cool you inscribe, the info is really salubrious further fascinating, I’ll give you a connect to my scene.
스포츠토토
I was impressed by your writing. Your writing is impressive. I want to write like you.토토커뮤니티I hope you can read my post and let me know what to modify. My writing is in I would like you to visit my blog.
I don’t know how many hours I’ve been searching for articles of these answers. Glad to find your article.먹튀검증사이트
My curiosity was solved by looking at your writing. Your writing was helpful to me.카지노사이트I want to help you too.
dewapokerqq situs resmi permainan kartu Online terpercaya di Indonesia
I have bookmarked your blog, the articles are way better than other similar blogs.. thanks for a great blog! https://gameizmo.substack.com/about
There you can download for free, see the first of these data. my explanation
I have a similar interest this is my page read everything carefully and let me know what you think. useful content
This is a good post. This post gives truly quality information. I’m definitely going to look into it. Really very useful tips are provided here. Thank you so much. Keep up the good works okey oyna
Great post with loads of crucial information. It’s one way to start a new business, it’s another thing to run it successful.
Luckily, you can trust our business instructors to provide you with all the tools and knowledge required to make your business flourish as students or entrepreneurs.
Great post with loads of crucial information. It’s one way to start a new business, it’s another thing to run it successful.
Luckily, you can trust our business instructors to provide you with all the tools and knowledge required to make your business flourish as students or entrepreneurs.
I will surely return back soon
You there, this is really good post here. Thanks for taking the time to post such valuable information. Quality content is what always gets the visitors coming. study table for child
BURSA303 Agen Judi melayani Daftar Judi Online Untuk Bermain Judi Bola, Casino Online, Judi Slot Online Terpercaya Indonesia Bonus Terbesar Deposit via Pulsa 188.166.232.79
We’re looking for girls to help us around the London area. If you’re interested in working with us, get in touch sending your contact details and pictures to: admin@24hourlondonescorts.co.uk
South London Escorts
TeachItPro is a single intuitive virtual platform that connects members to resource solutions that empower the education profession. TIP facilitates growth, collaboration, discovery, education, professional development, and resource management.
Teacher Helpful Technologies
This one is good. Keep up the good work I also visit here: and I get lot of information. TruSkin vitamin c serum vs the ordinary
This one is good. Keep up the good work I also visit here: and I get lot of information. TruSkin vitamin c serum vs the ordinary
NoBanx is a non-financial, technology institution which provides the technology and operating system for online and eCommerce businesses to accept payments in cryptocurrency!
Crypto trading
Welcome to the best porn site with lovely amateur girls with big tits. Here you can find busty girls of your dream, all amateur girls with all sizes of breast that you love.Big Tits Amateur
best material phone case
Buy cute and cheap cases for your iPhone or Samsung, and keep your phone protected
I will improve your global alexa rank below 100k with traffic and seo
USA Alexa Ranking
I will improve your global alexa rank below 50k with traffic and se
Boost USA Alexa Ranking
Great Article it its really informative and innovative keep us posted with new updates. its was really valuable. thanks a lot.
https://www.sportstoto365.com
I’ve been searching for hours on this topic and finally found your post. , I have read your post and I am very impressed. We prefer your opinion and will visit this site frequently to refer to your opinion. When would you like to visit my site? 토토사이트
I haven’t seen anything interesting in a long time, and I’m writing on this form, so I hope to see you.토토사이트
Hey, this day is too much good for me, since this time I am reading this enormous informative article here at my home. Thanks a lot for massive hard work. private cinema booking
It is somewhat fantastic, and yet check out the advice at this treat. collier coeur