1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
fwerfaur Realtech is a professionally overseen association having some expertise in land administrations where coordinated administrations are given by experts to its customers looking for expanded an incentive by owning, involving or putting resourceewrf. aserola tozu kullanıcı yorumları
That is really nice to hear. thank you for the update and good luck. situs bokep
wergfto give you a lot of love and treat you as you deserve, I guarantee you a very pleasant time, unforgettable and full of pleasure. I always give my best so that you feel pleased. I possess a hot sculpted body that will incite you to sin.
visiewrt.
aserola şikayetleri
stunning, awesome, I was thinking about how to cure skin inflammation normally. what’s more, discovered your site by google, took in a ton, now i’m somewhat clear. I’ve bookmark your site and furthermore include rss. keep us refreshed. LivPure
Awesome blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere? A theme like yours with a few simple adjustements would really make my blog stand out. Please let me know where you got your design. Thanks a lot LEANBIOME REVIEWS
UK supplier of ALL Single & Double Sided Self Adhesive Tapes 3m very high bond
Your dedication to providing valuable content is commendable. Thank you for making a positive impact on your readers. Sex Toys in Pakistan
When i really encourage someone to understand that word it truly is enjoyment identified… Paris escort agency
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point. You clearly know what youre talking about, why throw away your intelligence on just posting videos to your blog when you could be giving us something informative to read? IKARIA LEAN BELLY JUICE REVIEWS
It is somewhat fantastic, and yet check out the advice at this treat. 파티벳
I really enjoyed reading this article. You did an excellent job of researching and presenting the material. Great work!
ready to wear sale
görükle escort Gerçek Bursa escort bayan görükle eskort kız arayanlar , güncel sayfamız ile yeni escort bayanlar ile tanışın. Sınırsız Bursa görükle escort Sitemizde.
A massage can provide much-needed relief if you’ve been experiencing muscle aches, tension, or even chronic pain. Techniques like those used in Thai massage focus on stretching and applying pressure to release tightness in the muscles, improving flexibility and reducing discomfort. Similarly, bangkok happy end massage, nuru massage, and outcall massage incorporate techniques that target specific areas of tension, allowing you to experience relief and a sense of ease.
Two full thumbs up for this magneficent article of yours. I’ve really refreshing examining this article today and I figure this might be a champion among other article that I’ve scrutinized yet. If its all the same to you keep this work proceeding in a comparative quality. LivPure
The the next occasion Someone said a weblog, I hope it doesnt disappoint me around this one. Come on, man, Yes, it was my solution to read, but I personally thought youd have something interesting to convey. All I hear is actually a lot of whining about something you could fix should you werent too busy looking for attention. KETO ACV GUMMIES
Great post, I’m looking forward to hear more from you!! BOOSTARO
Additionally, if you choose to buy watch time from unreliable sources or engage in fraudulent practices, your channel’s reputation Wiedergabezeit YouTube kaufen
and credibility can be significantly impacted. It is essential to conduct thorough research, choose reputable providers, and ensure the legitimacy of the purchased watch time.
Additionally, if you choose to buy watch time from unreliable sources or engage in fraudulent practices, your channel’s reputation and YouTube watch time kaufen
credibility can be significantly impacted. It is essential to conduct thorough research, choose reputable providers, and ensure the legitimacy of the purchased watch time.
Watch time refers to the total duration viewers spend watching your videos. It is a crucial metric used by YouTube to Wiedergabezeit YouTube kaufen determine the quality and popularity of your content. The longer viewers YouTube 4000 stunden Wiedergabezeit kaufen
engage with your videos, the more YouTube recognizes your content’s value, leading to increased visibility, recommendations, and potential monetization opportunities.
bit.ly/3DlSybr
) The ending was repetitious and went against the grain of the better middle parts. BIORESTORE COMPLETE
Cheap Gucci Handbags Is usually blogengine much better than wp for reasons unknown? Should be which is turning out to be popluar today. CORTEXI
1xbet, güvenilirlik konusunda da önemli adımlar atmıştır. Lisanslı ve denetlenen bir platform olması, kullanıcıların güvenini kazanmasını sağlar. Ayrıca müşteri verilerini koruma altına alan güvenlik önlemleriyle de oyuncuların bilgileri güvende tutulur. Finansal işlemlerin güvenli bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi ve kullanıcıların kişisel verilerinin gizliliğinin korunması, 1xbet’in önem verdiği konular arasındadır.
Site Adresi : https://1xbetgiristr.com/
Extraordinary Article it its truly enlightening and creative update us as often as possible with new upgrades. its was truly important. much obliged. สล็อตpg
Thanks for your outstanding article. يلا شوت
great and useful content.
your Verve card reservation number
YourVerveCard Reservation Number
ข่าวฟุตบอล
Untuk membantu membuat keputusan Anda lebih mudah, kami telah bekerja keras untuk Anda dan menyusun daftar permainan slot online terpopuler Agen 18 dengan peluang dan hadiah kemenangan tertinggi.
My Tech Bug provides latest news and updates on the topics like Technology, Business, Travel, Marketing, Automotive, Education, Health, Entertainment, Gaming, etc around the world. We work hard to provide quality information to our readers. Read the articles and stay Updated.
https://mytechbug.com/
This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. This is very nice one and gives indepth information. Thanks for this nice article. https://linktr.ee/finbella
These are just a few of the many fencing companies near me that are located in different areas of the USA. You can do a quick Google search to find more companies in your area.
very interesting information and i really glad to getting this information
바카라
thank you again for allowing me to read these posts, and have a nice day today. Thank youuu.
스포츠토토
this is very appealing, however , it is very important that will mouse click on the connection:
먹튀검증
your posts are neatly organized with the information I want, so there are plenty of resources to reference. I bookmark this site and will find your posts frequently in the future. Thanks again ^^
카지노
Interesting! I was thinking the same thing as you. Your article explains my vague thoughts very clearly
토토사이트
ผลบอลสด
آکواریوم آکوا
انواع آکواریوم آکوا
خرید آکواریوم آکوا
قیمت آکواریوم آکوا
Hyperlink
People weblogs also you’ll find far more levels is usually fun also serviceable The product appoints all people attack search for refuge encore. When i undoubtedly will probably instantly take hold of people give to stay well informed of any announcements. ignored dmca hosting
You have performed a great job on this article. It’s very precise and highly qualitative. You have even managed to make it readable and easy to read. You have some real writing talent. Thank you so much. situs gacor
Bermain game online yang menggembirakan dan mengasyikkan bersama dengan game online paling terkenal di dunia. Dengan ratusan pilihan permainan yang ada terasa berasal dari gulungan berputar klasik sampai game video modern bersama dengan putaran bonus yang luar biasa, Anda tidak bakal pernah jemu kala bermain di Slot Gacor Gampang Menang pilihan game utama terpaforit yang terkenal di th. 2023 ini.permainan yang paling dicari buruan daftar dan mainkan game sekarang juga.
Thank you for sharing this information! it helped my a lot with my problem mawartoto
آکواریوم دلسا
آکواریوم ماهی دلسا
خرید آکواریوم دلسا
قیمت آکواریوم دلسا
Hyperlink
Wow, such valuable information! For quick and accurate calculations, I highly recommend visiting km into mi.”
Great job for publishing such a beneficial web site. Your web log isn’t only useful but it is additionally really creative too. https://www.twitch.tv/finbella
Informative Site… Hello guys here are some links that contains information that you may find useful yourselves. It’s Worth Checking out…. QUIETUM PLUS
My organization is ın a position to counsel often superior and in some cases in control tips, then realize it all: sofa rozkladana
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. Big thanks for the useful info. 토토사이트
The post is really superb. It’s varied accessory information that consists during a basic and necessary method. Thanks for sharing this text. The substance is genuinely composed. This web do my paper for me log is frequently sharing useful actualities. Keep sharing a lot of posts. I really loved reading your blog. It was very well authored and easy to understand. Unlike other blogs I have read which are really not that good. Thanks a lot! wow, great, I was wondering how to cure acne naturally. and found your site by google, learned a lot, now i’m a bit clear. I’ve bookmark your site and also add rss. keep us updated. 토스타검증커뮤니티
آکواریوم ماهیران
آکواریوم ماهی ماهیران
آکواریوم آب شیرین ماهیران
آکواریوم مکانیزه ماهیران
خرید آکواریوم ماهیران
قیمت آکواریوم ماهیران
Hyperlink