1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
助聽器介紹 (Introducing Hearing Aids) is a comprehensive guide that aims to provide valuable information about hearing aids, 助聽器種類 their types, benefits, and considerations for individuals with hearing impairments. This article will cover everything you need to know about hearing aids, including how they work, different types available, their features, and how they can improve the quality of life for those with hearing loss.
I definitely enjoying every little bit of it. It is a great website and nice share. I want to thank you. Good job! You guys do a great blog, and have some great contents. Keep up the good work. kubet เครดิตฟรี
助聽器介紹 (Introducing Hearing Aids) has provided an overview of hearing aids, their types, features, benefits, and considerations for individuals with hearing loss. By understanding how hearing aids work and 助聽器介紹
considering various factors, individuals can make informed decisions about the most suitable hearing aids for their needs. Hearing aids have the potential to significantly improve the quality of life for those with hearing impairments, enabling them to engage fully in their personal and social interactions.
Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive learn something like this before. So good to find somebody with some unique ideas on this subject. realy thank you for beginning this up. this website is something that is needed on the net, somebody with somewhat originality. helpful job for bringing something new to the internet! GLUCOTRUST
I appreciate everything you have added to my knowledge base.Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer.Thanks. lyt chocolate bar
I just found this blog and have high hopes for it to continue. Keep up the great work, its hard to find good ones. I have added to my favorites. Thank You. lyt mushroom chocolate bar
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value. Im glad to have found this post as its such an interesting one! I am always on the lookout for quality posts and articles so i suppose im lucky to have found this! I hope you will be adding more in the future… lyt chocolate
I learn some new stuff from it too, thanks for sharing your information. lyt bar
All the contents you mentioned in post is too good and can be very useful. I will keep it in mind, thanks for sharing the information keep updating, looking forward for more posts.Thanks lyt chocolate bars
پودر شفاف کننده و ضد جلبک
پودر شفاف کننده آکواریوم
پودر ضد جلبک آکواریوم
پودر ضد جلبک استخر
خرید پودر شفاف کننده و ضد جلبک
قیمت پودر شفاف کننده و ضد جلبک
Hyperlink
I gotta favored This web site It seems incredibly helpful . สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
Good composed article. It will be steady to any individual who uses it, including me. Continue doing what you are doing – can’r hold up to peruse more posts. http://www.kubet
Cara menghitung kwh
1 kWh sama dengan 1000 watt dalam pemakain 1 jam. 1 watt sama dengan 0,001 kWh dalam pemakaian 1 jam. Rumus konversi contoh menghitung watt ke kWh.
I no uncertainty esteeming each and every bit of it. It is an amazing site and superior to anything normal give. I need to grateful. Marvelous work! Every one of you complete an unfathomable blog, and have some extraordinary substance. Keep doing stunning. LivPure
I think this is definitely an amazing project here. So much good will be coming from this project. The ideas and the work behind this will pay off so much. UK CBD Gummies
Web reading doujin that meets international standards There are more than 100,000 doujins to read.
เลิกคบแต่ไม่ได้เลิกรัก
Soal instalasi penerangan listrik
Berikut ini merupakan contoh soal dan jawaban instalasi penerangan listrik. Soal jawaban pilihan ganda instalasi penerangan listrik SMA / SMK / Kuliah
Thanks for sharing your thoughts.
ms office 2007 product key
check informative article https://livepositively.com/common-problems-managed-it-services-in-detroit-can-help-with/
داروی درمانی
دارو و مکمل درمانی
خرید داروی درمانی
قیمت داروی درمانی
Hyperlink
Rangkaian star delta
Berikut ini merupakan gambar rangkaian star delta manual dan otomatis starting motor listrik. Rangkaian kontrol dan daya star delta (bintang segitiga)
Valuing the perseverance you put into your blog and itemized data you give. I’ve bookmarked your site and I’m adding your RSS channels to my Google account. เว็บ kubet
POLO
John Ron Allen on the EQUUS Television Network for the top echelon of High Goal Polo action from around the globe SUBSCRIPTION FREE! EQUUS Television is the world’s #1 location for Live Polo, Polo News and Polo Feature programming across the USA and around the world!
You have done a great job. I will definitely dig it and personally recommend to my friends. I am confident they will be benefited from this site kubet thailand
You have done a great job on this article. It’s very readable and highly intelligent. You have even managed to make it understandable and easy to read. You have some real writing talent. Thank you. kubet casino
I appreciate everything you have added to my knowledge base.Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer.Thanks. polka dot chocolate bar
I just found this blog and have high hopes for it to continue. Keep up the great work, its hard to find good ones. I have added to my favorites. Thank You. polkadot mushroom chocolate box
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value. Im glad to have found this post as its such an interesting one! I am always on the lookout for quality posts and articles so i suppose im lucky to have found this! I hope you will be adding more in the future… polkadot chocolate bar
The primary stage the arrangement should, hypothetically, be uninfluenced by the planned force and term of the sound which is hence created. Truth be told, be that as it may, so rapidly are the three stages achieved that the piano player once in a while has ability to think, in execution, of each stage independently. เว็บ kubet
I learn some new stuff from it too, thanks for sharing your information. polkadot shroom chocolate bar
All the contents you mentioned in post is too good and can be very useful. I will keep it in mind, thanks for sharing the information keep updating, looking forward for more posts.Thanks polka dot bars
Navigating through Dutchiee.tv is a breeze, thanks to its intuitive and user-friendly interface. De ideale melkopschuimer voor elke kop
Good day,your writing style is great and i love it, 메이저놀이터
I really trusted you would most likely have something valuable to state. All I hear is a lot of whimpering about something that you can fix on the off chance that you were not very bustling searching for consideration. All things considered, I realize it was my decision to peruse.. ku bet
غذا فله
غذا فله ماهی
غذا ماهی فله
خرید غذا فله
قیمت غذا فله
غذا فله ماهی آکواریوم
Hyperlink
Thank you again for all the knowledge you distribute,Good post. I was very interested in the article, it’s quite inspiring I should admit. I like visiting you site since I always come across interesting articles like this one.Great Job, I greatly appreciate that.Do Keep sharing! Regards, hatena.ne.jp
I truly like your blog. Incredible article. It’s most obvious, individuals ought to learn before they can kubet
The author’s ability to explain complex statistical concepts in a simple manner sets this blog post apart. 360digitmg provides data analytics course in bangalore
I appreciate everything you have added to my knowledge base.Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer.Thanks. file a scam report
I just found this blog and have high hopes for it to continue. Keep up the great work, its hard to find good ones. I have added to my favorites. Thank You. file a scam report
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value. Im glad to have found this post as its such an interesting one! I am always on the lookout for quality posts and articles so i suppose im lucky to have found this! I hope you will be adding more in the future… file a scam report
This blog is very interesting, click to read more.
การเดิมพันสล็อตSA
Yes i am totally agreed with this article and i just want say that this article is very nice and very informative article.I will make sure to be reading your blog more. You made a good point but I can’t help but wonder, what about the other side? !!!!!!THANKS!!!!!! link bokep
Woah! I’m really digging the template/theme of this site. It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s hard to get that “perfect balance” between usability and appearance. I must say you have done a awesome job with this. Also, the blog loads extremely quick for me on Internet explorer. Outstanding Blog! How to Calibrate iPhone Screen
غذا ماهی گوشتخوار
بهترین غذا برای ماهیان گوشتخوار
خرید غذا ماهی گوشتخوار
قیمت غذا ماهی گوشتخوار
Hyperlink
You make so many great points here that I read your article a couple of times. Your views are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is great content for your readers. cdc.gov
I appreciate the valuable and useful content you shared in your post. It’s definitely worth keeping in mind, and I look forward to more updates and posts from you. Thank you for sharing this information!
– nfc enabled pet harness
Thanks for providing recent updates regarding the concern, I look forward to read more. 카지노사이트
I have been searching to find a comfort or effective procedure to complete this process and I think this is the most suitable way to do it effectively. 토토솔루션
I am very much pleased with the contents you have mentioned. I wanted to thank you for this great article. 카지노알