1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
saya berterimakasih sekali karena website ini selalu memberikan hal menarik jasa anti rayap kelapa gading
I showed this to a lot of people The writing is so good that it’s a waste for me to see it, but everyone says the same thing. The writing is so beautiful. As expected, I was proud for no reason because I wasn’t the only one who thought so메이저사이트
I showed this to a lot of people The writing is so good that it’s a waste for me to see it, but everyone says the same thing. The writing is so beautiful. As expected, I was proud for no reason because I wasn’t the only one who thought so메이저사이트
Freelance Mobile App Developer In Gurgaon by rayups
https://rayups.com/best-freelance-mobile-app-developer-in-gurgaon
Best mattress shop Gurgaon
https://mattressgurgaon.com
terimakasih sangat bermanfaat dan informatif kursus toefl bersertifikat
We are providing best Security Services in Chennai. We are reputed Chennai security service Provider.
This is such an interesting piece. I appreciate the depth of research and the way you presented the facts. Well done!
tiktok download hd quality
informasi yang bagus sekali semoga info ini bisa bermanfaat bagi pembaca lainnya juga hidrolik cuci mobil harga
makasih kak, lanjutkan terus update nya layanan aqiqah di jakarta
thanks atas share informasinya semoga bertambah lagi ilmu saya dokter gigi soreang
Really impressed! Everything is very open and very clear clarification of issues. It contains truly facts. Your website is very valuable. Thanks for sharing. Animixplay
When I open my eyes in the morning, I think of your writing. I think I’m going to go crazy. I just think of your writing, but it’s such a good writing. Thank you always레플리카신발
sering-sering update lagi artikelnya ya kak jasa kontraktor listrik tenaga surya
makasih gan, lanjutkan ya update-update nya peluang usaha rumahan
It’s really a great and useful piece of information. เว็บผลบอลสด
terimakasih atas informasinya ya admin salon mobil bandung
Good article I liked it.
แทงบอลสเต็ปเว็บตรง
Terimakasih atas beritanya, ditunggu sekali berita selanjutnya dokter gigi soreang
รูเล็ตออนไลน์ คาสิโนออนไลน์เว็บตรง มีโปรโมชั่นมากมายให้คุณเลือก สำหรับคนที่ต้องการทำกำไรเพิ่ม คลิ๊กเลย รูเล็ตออนไลน์
รูเล็ตออนไลน์ เกมเดิมพัน คาสิโนออนไลน์ ที่ได้รับความนิยมสูงเป็นอันดับแรกๆของประเทศไทย อ่านบทความของเราได้ที่นี่ รูเล็ตออนไลน์ สร้างรายได้เสริมให้กับคุณวันนี้ คลิ๊กเลย!!
terimakasih atas informasinya ya admin jasa anti rayap bintaro
Klart det är röva. Ha d gott, Glenn.
한국야동
Are you looking to sell your house for cash? We understand that selling a property can be a complex process, but with the right approach, you can maximize your chances of a successful sale. In this comprehensive guide, we will provide you with valuable insights and tips on how to effectively sell your house for cash, outranking other websites and gaining a prominent position on Google’s search results.
Sale my house for cash
sangat menarik dan informatif ditunggu update artikel terbarunya test toefl online
makasih gan, lanjutkan terus update nya cuci mobil terdekat 24 jam
terima kasih sudah share infonya! cuci mobil terdekat 24 jam
Maklon kosmetikmu telah memiliki lisensi BPOM RI dan legalitas terkait. Maklon akan membantu proses pembuatan produk para pebisnis kosmetik dan skincare, dari nol hingga siap dijual. Budget modal maklon kosmetik di Indonesia dimulai dari Rp10.000.000 sampai Rp100.000.000. Budget jasa maklon ini sangat bervariatif tergantung fitur dan benefit yang ditawarkan penyedia jasa maklon kosmetik.
wah terima kasih ya sudah membuat informasi yang bagus seperti ini menu nasi box aqiqah
i think this nice blog for me and anyone, so thankyu somuch gaes! and you can visit my wesite to: http://109.123.231.33/
sering-sering update lagi dong artikelnya kontraktor listrik tenaga surya
สำหรับผู้เล่นที่ต้องการเข้าเล่น สล็อตแตกง่าย ล่าสุด ทุนน้อย และต้องการทำกำไรจากการเล่นสล็อตออนไลน์ ซึ่งมีเทคนิคในการเล่นจากประสบการณ์ตรง คือ สล็อต แตกง่าย ทุนน้อย ล่าสุด ก็สามารถทำโบนัสแจ็คพอตได้ โดยใช้โปรแกรมช่วยเล่น ที่พัฒนาจากทีมงานเรา เพียงดูเปอร์เซ็นต์อัตราการชนะ ที่มีมากกว่า 90% ขึ้นไป
Are you looking to sell your house for cash? In today’s real estate market, selling your house quickly and efficiently can be a top priority. By following the right strategies, you can attract cash buyers and achieve a smooth and lucrative sale. In this comprehensive guide, we will walk you through the process of selling your house for cash, providing you with valuable insights and expert tips to help you outrank other websites and maximize your chances of a successful transaction.
Sale my property for cash
It’s late finding this act. At least, it’s a thing to be familiar with that there are such events exist. I agree with your Blog and I will be back to inspect it more in the future so please keep up your act. Animeflix
Speed and Convenience
Selling your house for cash allows for a faster and more convenient transaction. Cash buyers have the funds readily available, eliminating the need for mortgage approvals and time-consuming financing processes. This means you can skip the lengthy closing periods and complete the sale in a shorter timeframe, providing you with the convenience of a quick and hassle-free transaction.
Sale my property for cash
ditunggu update selanjutnya ya kak peluang usaha bisnis rumahan
Flexibility and Negotiation Power
Cash buyers are often more flexible when it comes to negotiations. Without the constraints of lender requirements, they have the ability to work with you on price and terms. This can provide you with additional negotiating power, allowing you to achieve a fair deal that meets your financial goals. The flexibility offered by cash buyers can be particularly advantageous if you’re in a situation where you need to sell quickly or have specific terms that are important to you.
We buy houses for cash
Research the Market
Begin by researching the current market conditions in your area. Look at recent sales data for comparable properties that have been sold for cash. Pay attention to factors such as location, size, condition, and amenities. This information will help you gain insight into the market trends and set a competitive price that aligns with the current demand.
We buy houses for cash
We Buy Houses for Cash: Simplifying the Selling Process for Homeowners
If you’re a homeowner looking for a quick and hassle-free way to sell your property, the phrase “We buy houses for cash” may have caught your attention. In this informative article, we will delve into the concept of selling houses for cash and how it can benefit homeowners like you. Whether you’re facing financial difficulties, need to relocate, or simply want to expedite the selling process, selling your house for cash can provide a practical solution. Let’s explore the details and discover how this option can simplify your selling experience.
Sale my house for cash
Maximizing Your House’s Appeal
To outrank other websites and capture the attention of cash buyers, it’s essential to enhance your house’s appeal and make it stand out. Consider the following strategies
Sale my house for cash
เกมสล็อตเล่นสนุกกับ สล็อตแตกง่าย มีเกมสล็อตออนไลน์ให้เล่นครบ สามารถเข้าเล่นได้ผ่านทางเราที่ เว็บสล็อต https://www.4x4pgok.com/%e0%b8%aa%e0%b8%a5%e0%b9%87%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%95%e0%b9%81%e0%b8%95%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%87%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a2/ รับประกันเล่นได้เงินจริง ฝากถอนเงินง่าย ไม่มีขั้นต่ำ ได้เงินเร็วที่สุดในเวลานี้ ตอบโจทย์ผู้เล่นทุกระดับ รับประกันคุณภาพเล่นสนุก สล็อตแตกง่าย ทุนน้อย 2023
Convenience and Simplicity
Selling your house for cash offers a simplified and convenient experience. With cash buyers, you can skip the complexities of listing your property, hosting showings, and dealing with potential buyers. Instead, you can work directly with a reputable buyer who understands the value of your time and offers a straightforward selling process. This convenience can be especially valuable if you’re looking to avoid the stress and uncertainties associated with traditional real estate transactions.
Sale my house for cash
PROPLAY88 adalah situs Taruhan online gacor dengan tampilan terbaik & terpercaya, login & daftar proplay 88 melalui link alternatif proplay88 slot asia. proplay88
very danger is you no updated about this blog, so thanks your website tell me about update world. You can visit my situs so: http://109.123.231.38/
INDOSUPER adalah situs Taruhan online gacor dengan tampilan terbaik & terpercaya, login & daftar indo super melalui link alternatif indosuper slot asia. indosuper
I am always searching online for articles that can help me. There is obviously a lot to know about this. I think you made some good points in Features also. Keep working, great job ! Animeflix
Muchos Gracias for your post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool. a course in miracles
I showed this to a lot of people The writing is so good that it’s a waste for me to see it, but everyone says the same thing. The writing is so beautiful. As expected, I was proud for no reason because I wasn’t the only one who thought so메이저사이트
im viewer for you website, i think yor write is brillian. Can you check my website: https://merpatislot.org/
I truly appreciate this blog post.Thanks Again. a course in miracles