1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
It’s really a great and useful piece of information. I am glad that you shared this useful information with us
스포츠토토
Nice post. I learn something totally new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon everyday.
바카라사이트
Hi there, You have done an excellent job. I will certainly digg it and personally suggest to my friends
토토
I am really loving the theme/design of your web site. Do you ever run into any browser compatibility problems? A few of my blog readers have complained about my website not working correctly in Explorer but looks great in Chrome. Do you have any tips to help fix this issue? AMICLEAR REVIEWS
I observe there is a lot of spam on this blog. Do you want help cleaning them up? I might help in between courses! How to Avoid Copyright on Youtube
information technology jobs colorado
کلاهک دودکش
کلاهک دودکش ساختمان
دریچه خروج دی اکسید کربن
قیمت کلاهک دودکش
Hyperlink
https://intranet-icirce.unizar.es/-/tiktok88/
I definitely enjoying every little bit of it. It is a great website and nice share. I want to thank you. Good job! You guys do a great blog, and have some great contents. Keep up the good work. 英文補習
As odd as it may seem, many people สูตรสล็อต fear success.
Wow, that’s what I was exploring for, what a stuff! existing here at this weblog, thanks admin of this web page.
카지노사이트랭크
you have some really great posts and I feel I would be a good asset.
먹튀검증사이트
Thanks for such a valuable post. I am waiting for your next post, I have enjoyed a lot reading this post keep it up.
지울프-토토
I like it best and I will check it again and save it. Please also visit the website of my remarks.
바카라사이트닷컴
I really liked it. I wanted to leave a note. I was reading your website. I also tried to share the site.
스포츠토토365
hello anyone, I used to be just checkin out this internet site and I really admire the foundation of your article, and have absolutely nothing to do, so if anyone wants to have an engaging convo about this, make sure you get in touch with me on myspace, my name is kim smith SIGHT CARE
Good Service and very instructive site! Great hand for people looking for someone like them! They have helped me a lot to get me out of the dilemma! Suggested to all! it company web design
You have noted very interesting details! ps decent web site. ATTAMKT
KINGJR99 adalah situs Taruhan online gacor dengan tampilan terbaik & terpercaya, login & daftar kingjr 99 melalui link alternatif kingjr99 slot asia. kingjr99
You make so many great points here that I read your article a couple of times. Your views are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is great content for your readers. tumbled wood flooring
Great post! Your insights are thought-provoking and well-expressed. Keep up the excellent work, and I look forward to reading more from you in the future! auto rickshaw
https://eoe.colegioalemancba.edu.ar/-/tiktok88/
Thanks for the blog loaded with so many information. Stopping by your blog helped me to get what I was looking for. amazon product photography china
A very excellent blog post. I am thankful for your blog post. I have found a lot of approaches after visiting your post. slotkonglo123.com
I am all that much satisfied with the substance you have specified. I needed to thank you for this awesome article. 英文補習
If you are looking for the best construction company in Delhi, look no further than VRC Construction. We deliver outstanding services and professional expertise to our clients. Our goal is to exceed customer expectations by completing projects on schedule at competitive rates with excellent workmanship. We employ the most innovative methods and cutting-edge technology from our qualified team of experienced professionals, who can execute any civil engineering project based on advanced designs or blueprints for optimal efficiency. As the best highway company in India, we have a flawless record of cost-effective on-time delivery, making us the best construction service provider in India today!
Hire Tradies is your one-stop solution for deep cleaning and construction cleaning services in Auckland! We know that construction and deep cleaning projects can be challenging, exhausting, and overwhelming. That’s why we offer professional services for residential, business, or renovation sites. Our skilled staff is trained with the latest equipment and techniques to ensure amazing results. Whether you need one room cleaned or an entire building restored, our friendly team of experts is ready to assist you! Contact us today for a free estimate on your project’s requirements. Let us handle your every deep cleaning services, from small daily cleanings to large renovation projects!
If you have an old or damaged car that you want to sell, JCP Car Parts is the best choice for you. We offer top cash for cars for any make and model, no matter what condition they are in! Our expert team of car wreckers West Auckland will handle everything, from paperwork to transportation, so you can enjoy a fast and hassle-free process. With years of experience as a leading provider of cash for cars services across New Zealand, you will not only get great deals but also customer service with peace-of-mind knowing that your transaction is secure on every level. Contact us at 0800 57 27 87!
JKD Plastics is one of the leading PVC foam board exporters in India, the United States, and the United Kingdom, providing high-quality PVC foam board and PVC trim board to various industries. These products are incredibly durable and resistant to cracking, weathering, and impact, making them ideal for long-term use in demanding applications. The nonporous surface makes cleaning easy, while the closed-cell foam core offers exceptional insulation values—up to five times better than other materials. It is also lightweight yet strong enough for tough outdoor tasks like boatbuilding or signs without warping over time. Our unique manufacturing process ensures that every board you receive will be consistent, ensuring superior performance with each installation! Don’t wait any longer! Contact us today to learn more about our PVC products and services.
I am unquestionably making the most of your site. You unquestionably have some extraordinary knowledge and incredible stories. 英文補習
Thanks for the blog loaded with so many information. Stopping by your blog helped me to get what I was looking for. パークアクシス豊洲
Very good written article. It will be supportive to anyone who utilizes it, including me. Keep doing what you are doing – can’r wait to read more posts. possible tips
A lot of people having an incorrect image about the cash advance loans or sometimes refer it as bad credit payday loans. 英文補習
A debt of gratitude is in order for posting this information. I simply need to tell you that I simply look at your site and I discover it exceptionally fascinating and educational. I can hardly wait to peruse bunches of your posts. 英文補習
Thank you for the good space For us to come to share opinions It is really useful. Please encourage you to continue to create a good website like this.
เล่นไฮโลออนไลน์ได้เงินจริง
A portable fish finder has other benefits too. They are light-weight and simple to use. Plus they let you use a fish finder in eventualities where you will not be able to employ a fixed one. 英文補習
Thanks, again for the tips, I always come to your website for updates and new posts. Since we work on search engine optimization, midway primers helps us a lot in that it gives us so many opportunities in our line. And he gave us knowledge and points at the same time. I hope you’re on the right track.
Regular visits listed here are the easiest method to appreciate your energy, which is why why I am going to the website everyday, searching for new, interesting info. Many, thank you 補習社
It is the best portal to pay bills online within minutes without any complications. It avails maximum possible flexibility to users to complete their tasks in real quick time. Apart from bill payments it also avails most popular and reputed brands products to customers in affordable prices. PayTM came into existence in 2010. 英文補習
I expected to thank you for this wonderful read!! I certainly loved every single bit of it. I have you bookmarked your site to take a gander at the new stuff you post. 英文補習
I read this article. I think You put a great deal of exertion to make this article. I like your work. 토토커뮤니티
Some genuinely great blog posts on this internet site , regards for contribution. 주사위토토
ActionShirt
Discover ActionShirt.com – your destination for unique t-shirts, stylish apparel, and accessories. Browse our collection for trendy designs, premium quality, and customization options. Express yourself with style and make a statement today!
address : 423 Fayetteville Rd Decatur,
Georgia, 30030 United States.
The article you have shared here very awesome. I really like and appreciated your work. I read deeply your article, the points you have mentioned in this article are useful 英文補習
It is possible once you try to do it. Now, we tried 24×7 Karachi Cheap Call Girls with free home delivery for IN-Call and OUT-Call, and then we were successful. From here on out, we are more aware of customer satisfaction and privacy. Hence, we have the original pictures of Karachi Call Girls listed on our website.
I am still learning of your stuff, and i am attempting to achieve my objectives. I completely adore reading through all that is written in your website. Maintain the actual ideas arriving for long term ! Thanks ! Ozempic in Stock
Your website is really cool and this is a great inspiring article. Thank you so much. Aplikasi Lowongan Kerja
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. penne personalizzate
Join https://1most.bet/az/, the top bookmaker offering generous prizes for new customers. Get up to a 200% bonus on your first deposit, enjoy regular cashback rewards, and access online casinos and sports betting through their mobile app.
This is great content! I am swept away by your presentation and unique viewpoints. I agree with so much of your article. I’ll come back. BIORESTORE COMPLETE