1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Hi there, I discovered your blog per Google bit searching for such kinda educational advise moreover your inform beholds very remarkable for me.
todaybusinesshub
Great post man, keep the nice work, just shared this with my friendz dark web links
Thank you for your post.Much thanks again. Want more. Office Cleaning London
Made to measure curtains… […]check out the sites listed below, worth a read for interiors and rugs enthusiasts[…]… PRODENTIM
I wish I had a dime for every bad article I’ve read lately. I also wish other writers had your talent and style. Thank you. dark web sites
Its a great pleasure reading your post.Its full of information I am looking for and I love to post a comment that “The content of your post is awesome” Great work. voyance
Remarkable article, it is particularly useful! I quietly began in this, and I’m becoming more acquainted with it better! Delights, keep doing more and extra impressive! wholesale moulding
Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. wood moulding
I was very impressed by this post, this site has always been pleasant news Thank you very much for such an interesting post, and I meet them more often then I visited this site. Willamette Valley tours
Extraordinary blog. I took pleasure in scrutinizing your articles. This is extremely a marvelous scrutinized for me. I have bookmarked it and I am suspecting examining new articles. Continue doing magnificent!
inpulseglobal
Really enjoyed this article post.Much thanks again. Great. Luxury
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. voyance
Nice to be visiting your blog again, it has been months for me. Well this article that i’ve been waited for so long. I need this article to complete my assignment in the college, and it has same topic with your article. Thanks, great share.
updatetips
You know your projects stand out of the herd. There is something special about them. It seems to me all of them are really brilliant! voyance
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. fake irish drivers licence
I’ve been surfing online more than three hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for me. In my opinion, if all webmasters and bloggers made good content as you did, the web will be a lot more useful than ever before. neurorise reviews
Acknowledges for paper such a beneficial composition, I stumbled beside your blog besides decipher a limited announce. I want your technique of inscription. postfortoday
thank you for a great post.
My spouse and I stumbled over here by a different web address and thought I might check things out. I like what I see so i am just following you. Look forward to checking out your web page again. Live game casino malaysia
I don t have the time at the moment to fully read your site but I have bookmarked it and also add your RSS feeds. I will be back in a day or two. thanks for a great site. techbizhunt
It can be somewhat successful, although think about the fact when that extends to in which pay attention to. PBNs links
Thanks for posting this info. I just want to let you know that I just check out your site and I find it very interesting and informative. I can’t wait to read lots of your posts.
I will be capable of offers you whatever target In this post comprehend the ultimate way to training that the correct way. Comprehend as well as create anything at all helpful. PBNs links
Cool stuff you have got and you keep update all of us. metanail complex reviews
Say, you got a nice blog post.Thanks Again. Really Cool. https://www.on-the-top.net/
I really liked your article.Really thank you! Great. janitorial services near me
This post is extremely radiant. I extremely like this post. It is outstanding amongst other posts that I ve read in quite a while. Much obliged for this better than average post. I truly value it! Manhwas
A big thank you for your blog post.Really thank you! Ontario commercial cleaning services
uppicks & rekomendasi
Uppicks – Website Rekomendasi Produk kebutuhanmu sehari-hari
The Railway Industry in France has long been a cornerstone of the country’s transportation infrastructure and a symbol of its engineering prowess. With a rich history dating back to the early 19th century, France has established itself as a global leader in the development and operation of rail systems.
One of the notable achievements of the French Railway Industry is the creation of the high-speed rail network, known as the TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse). The TGV has revolutionized travel within France and beyond, offering fast, efficient, and comfortable transportation for both passengers and freight. It has become a model for high-speed rail systems worldwide, with France exporting its expertise to countries such as China and the United Kingdom.
The French Railway Industry has also played a vital role in connecting rural areas and urban centers, ensuring accessibility and promoting regional development. The extensive network of regional and intercity trains has made it easier for people to commute, visit neighboring towns, and enjoy the diverse landscapes of France.
In recent years, there has been a focus on sustainability and reducing the environmental impact of rail transportation. France has been actively investing in the development of electric and hybrid trains, as well as exploring alternative energy sources such as hydrogen. These initiatives demonstrate the industry’s commitment to addressing climate change and promoting greener transportation options.
Furthermore, the French Railway Industry has been a significant source of employment and economic growth. It has created numerous job opportunities across various sectors, including engineering, manufacturing, operations, and maintenance. The industry’s success has also attracted international investments and fostered innovation, contributing to France’s overall economic competitiveness.
Despite its accomplishments, the railway industry in France faces ongoing challenges. Infrastructure maintenance, modernization, and capacity expansion are crucial to meet growing demand and ensure the continued efficiency and reliability of the rail network. Additionally, the industry must adapt to evolving technologies and digitalization to enhance customer experience and stay ahead in a rapidly changing global market.
Overall, the Railway Industry in France remains a vital component of the country’s transportation system, offering a reliable, efficient, and sustainable mode of travel. Its contributions to economic development, technological innovation, and environmental stewardship position France as a prominent player in the global railway sector.
https://shorturl.at/otxZ7
The Railway Industry in France has long been a cornerstone of the country’s transportation infrastructure and a symbol of its engineering prowess. With a rich history dating back to the early 19th century, France has established itself as a global leader in the development and operation of rail systems.
https://shorturl.at/otxZ7
Hello, I had been researching the web and I ran into your own blog. Keep up the great function. a course in miracles
Thanks for sharing nice information with us. i like your post and all you share with us is uptodate and quite informative, i would like to bookmark the page so i can come here again to read you, as you have done a wonderful job. voyance
The live football website will allow you to follow every football team.
livescore
watch tamil serial sun tv drama ethir neechal through this link
https://tamildhool5.com/category/ethir-neechal/
I don t have the time at the moment to fully read your site but I have bookmarked it and also add your RSS feeds. I will be back in a day or two. thanks for a great site. healthlyfitnesstips
I was very pleased to find this site.I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post. slot thailand
This is my first time i visit here. I found so many entertaining stuff in your blog, especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the leisure here! Keep up the good work. I have been meaning to write something like this on my website and you have given me an idea. 입플보너스
Instagram auto followers tools like SMM Panel One can be useful for those looking to quickly increase their followers on the platform. These tools generally work by automating the process of following and unfollowing other users, liking and commenting on posts, and sometimes even sending direct messages. While these tools may seem like an easy way to gain more followers Ultimately, the decision to use an Auto Followers Instagram tool is up to the individual user. It is important to weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks and make an informed decision.
This is setting, all that considered it is guaranteed for you to visit this specific url: worldnewshive
This substance is as shown by a general viewpoint charging and inventive. I have been picking an institutional move and this has helped me with one point. worldnewshive
Tonton Kepala Bergetar Online Full episods, watch Malay drama Live episods on
DFM2U terkini videos, Melayu drama, tv3.
Kepala Bergetar Online
I don t have the time at the moment to fully read your site but I have bookmarked it and also add your RSS feeds. I will be back in a day or two. thanks for a great site. usanewsfeeds
Its fantastic as your other blog posts : D, thanks for posting . work from home jobs near me
Awesome read , I’m going to spend more time researching this subject affiliate marketing
i am amazed how cheap broadband internet is during these year, isps have some promo too- dark web sites
I am impressed. I don’t think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. You are truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog you have got here. dark web sites
I have browsed most of your posts. This post is probably where I got the most useful information for my research. newstravelworld
Great write-up, I am a big believer in commenting on blogs to inform the blog writers know that they’ve added something worthwhile to the world wide web!.. porn mastery
Took me time to read all the comments, but I really enjoyed the article. It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commenters here! It’s always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained! 에볼루션카지노