1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
I have recently started a blog, the info you provide on this site has helped me greatly. Thanks for all of your time & work. how to sell credit card processing
cool stuff you have got and you keep update all of us. how to sell credit card processing
Thank you for such a well written article. It’s full of insightful information and entertaining descriptions. Your point of view is the best among many. how to sell credit card processing
followerino
Synogut
I want to thank you for this excellent read!! I absolutely
loved every little bit of it. I’ve got you book-marked to look at new stuff you
post… 스포츠토토
Greate article. Keep writing such kind of info on your page.
Im really impressed by it. 스포츠중계
Just desire to say your article is as astounding.
The clearness in your post is simply spectacular and i can assume you are an expert on this subject.
Well with your permission allow me to grab your feed to keep updated with forthcoming post.
Thanks a million and please carry on the enjoyable work. 스포츠토토
Personally I think overjoyed I discovered the blogs.
I would recommend my profile is important to me, I invite you to discuss this topic… 슬롯
As expected, there are so many good articles in the world that give you strength and make you feel many things 먹튀검증 so I understand how you feel when you write this article
When I read an article on this topic, casinosite the first thought was profound and difficult, and I wondered if others could understand.. My site has a discussion board for articles and photos similar to this topic. Could you please visit me when you have time to discuss this topic?
saran buat admin web yang menyajikan banyak informasi ini,kami menunggu berita terbaru dari web yang ber kualitas ini jasa anti rayap kelapa gading
Wow, cool post. I’d like to write like this too – taking time and real hard work to make a great article… but I put things off too much and never seem to get started. Thanks though. become a digital payment agent
Thanks for your post. I’ve been thinking about writing a very comparable post over the last couple of weeks, I’ll probably keep it short and sweet and link to this instead if thats cool. Thanks. payment system agent
terimakasih atas informasinya yg ada di website ini jasa fumigasi gudang
The Tech Info24 Guest Post Site is a blog that provides guest posts from The Tech Info24 and QA professionals. The blog offers tips on testing and insights into the latest testing technology. The Tech Info24 Guest Post Site also features interviews with top test techs and QA professionals and monthly roundups of the most exciting testing news. thetechinfo24
Lemonade box supply subscription gift boxes making self-care easily available. Bringing wellness right to your doorstep. https://thebestcustomboxes.com/product/custom-candle-boxes
I really like your posting this website is very Awesome. Thankyou for your information. <a href="https://slotprima123.com//
Looking for a supplement that can help you take control of your dental health? Look no further than Steel Bite Pro! Steel Bite Pro supplement is made from a unique blend of natural ingredients, including Zinc, Milk Thistle, and Artichoke, that have been carefully chosen to fight against bacteria and inflammation. STEEL BITE PRO
I appreciate you sharing this blog post.Thanks Again. Great. Crypto Insiders
steel shots are a must-have for any metalworking industry. These small, spherical pellets are made of high-quality steel and are used to blast away rust, paint, and other contaminants from metal surfaces. Not only do they save time and money by reducing labor costs, but they also provide a smoother and more consistent surface finish.
SMP is the most natural hair loss solution for balding, thinning hair, transplant scars, and alopecia. Scalp Micro-pigmentation aka “SMP” (aka Hair Tattoo/Scalp Tattoo) is currently the ultimate, non-surgical hair loss solution. We replicate tiny hair follicles to give the look of a buzz cut or short hair stubble as well as add density to thinning hair on men & women. Scalp Micropigmentation is a non-invasive, non-surgical, affordable, and 100% effective hair loss solution. Join thousands of men and women who have chosen scalp micropigmentation as an effective solution for hair loss. Let’s restore your hair line and confidence today.
http://www.drhairtattoo.com
Ukraine could be used as a basis to end the war, Vladimir Putin has said But Mr Putin said the plan could be put forward only when they are ready “in the West and Kyiv The Russian leader met Chinese President Xi Jinping on Tuesday in Moscow to discuss the conflict, and relations between the two countries China’s plan, published last month, does not explicitly call for Russia to leave Ukraine Listing 12 points, it calls for peace talks and respect for national sovereignty, without specific proposals บาคาร่าออนไลน์UFABET
Im grateful for the blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool. oemsoftwaredeal.com
on Russia withdrawing from its territory as a condition for any talks – and there is no sign that Russia is ready to do that On Wednesday the Moscow-backed authorities in annexed Crimea said an attack by three waterborne drones on the Black Sea Fleet in the Bay of Sevastopol had been repelled with no damage to the fleet. The report could not be independently confirmed On Monday, explosions in another part of Crimea were said by Ukraine to have destroyed Russian missiles being transported by rail บาคาร่าออนไลน์UFABET
Dewibola merupakan situs judi bola online terbaik yang memberikan fasilitas untuk melakukan login dan daftar dengan link alternatif yang tersedia. Dewibola
of State Antony Blinken said on Monday that calling for a ceasefire before Russia withdrew “would effectively be supporting the ratification of Russian conquest In a joint news conference after talks with Mr Xi ended, Mr Putin said: “Many provisions of the Chinese peace plan can be taken as the basis for settling of the conflict in Ukraine, whenever the West and Kyiv are ready for it But Russia had yet to see such “readiness” from the other side, he added Standing alongside the Russian leader, Mr Xi said his government was in favour of peace and dialogue and that China was on the “right side of history บาคาร่าออนไลน์UFABET
This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. This is very nice one and gives indepth information. Thanks for this nice article. daftar link server international
Major thanks for the post. Want more. slot gacor
claimed that China had an “impartial position” on the conflict in Ukraine, seeking to cast Beijing as the potential peace-maker The pair also discussed growing trade, energy and political ties between the two nations “China is the leading foreign trade partner of Russia,” President Putin said, pledging to keep up and surpass the “high level” of trade achieved last year Mr Xi left Russia on Wednesday, his plane departing from a Moscow airport บาคาร่าออนไลน์UFABET
I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have enjoyed reading. Nice blog. I will keep visiting this blog very often. custom printed tees
concerns in the West that China might provide military support for Russia Speaking in Brussels, Nato chief Jens Stoltenberg said his alliance had not “seen any proof that China is delivering lethal weapons to Russia But he added there were “signs” that Russia had requested weapons, and that the request was being considered in Beijing A joint statement released by China and Russia after the meeting between the two leaders said the close partnership between the two countries did not constitute a “military-political alliance บาคาร่าออนไลน์UFABET
All three systems provide the owner with indisputable, legal proof of ownership for their Belize real estate, Belize Secret Beach Property For Sale
When a blind man bears the standard pity those who follow…. Where ignorance is bliss ‘tis folly to be wise…. เว็บสล็อต
“do not constitute a bloc, do not have a confrontational nature and are not directed against third countries”, they added Mr Putin also used the press conference to accuse the West of deploying weapons with a “nuclear component” and said Russia would be “forced to react” if the UK sent shells made with depleted uranium to Ukraine The UK’s Ministry of Defence said depleted uranium was a “standard component” which had “nothing to do with nuclear weapons Mr Xi was given a fanfare welcome when he arrived at the Kremlin for a second day of talks on Tuesday บาคาร่าออนไลน์UFABET
I really enjoy reading your content. It’s jam-packed with the information I need, and I always say, “The content of your post is wonderful.” incredible work.
Indo Farm Tractor
You have done a great job on this article. It’s very readable and highly intelligent. You have even managed to make it understandable and easy to read. You have some real writing talent. Thank you. 라운드티비
“very happy” to be in Moscow and described talks with President Putin as “frank, open and friendly His visit to Russia came days after the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for President Putin on war crimes allegations The state visit was mirrored by Japan Prime Minister Fumio Kishida’s surprise visit to Kyiv – making him the first leader of Japan to visit a country in conflict since World War Two President Zelensky said he will join the G7 summit in Japan in May via video link at the invitation of Mr Kishida บาคาร่าออนไลน์UFABET
I really enjoy reading your content. It’s jam-packed with the information I need, and I always say, “The content of your post is wonderful.” incredible work.
Kubota mu 5502
I really enjoy reading your content. It’s jam-packed with the information I need, and I always say, “The content of your post is wonderful.” incredible work.
Kubota mu 5502
A very awesome blog post. We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up เว็บสล็อต
conference on Tuesday afternoon that he had also asked China to get involved in talks but was waiting for an answer “We offered China to become a partner in the implementation of the peace formula,” he said. “We invite you to the dialogue; we are waiting for your answer Two men have been arrested after a mob clashed with LGBT activists outside a Sydney church, Australian police say The LGBT group said “hundreds of far-right thugs” punched protesters outside the church event attended by right-wing politician Mark Latham บาคาร่าออนไลน์UFABET
I’m impressed, I need to admit. Truly not often will i encounter a weblog that’s both educative and pleasing, and sincerely, you’ve got hit the nail on the head. Your concept is wonderful; the hassle is something that too few oldsters are speakme intelligently approximately. I’m delighted that we got here across this within my are searching for out some component regarding this. 카마그라 가격
the meeting was being held to discuss “religious freedom and parental rights The incident comes days after clashes between pro and anti-transgender groups in Melbourne New South Wales Police Superintendent Sheridan Waldau said peaceful protesters were set upon by a “mob” of about 250 people outside the church in Belfield, south-west Sydney on Tuesday evening Glass bottles and other projectiles were thrown at officers, and a 38-year old man was pushed to the ground and assaulted, police said บาคาร่าออนไลน์UFABET
https://symbiota.ccber.ucsb.edu/checklists/checklist.php?clid=11531
We provide free printable worksheet for kids.
were called in to disperse the crowd, and two men, aged 34 and 41, were arrested and charged with encouraging the commission of crimes and common assault respectively, they said Supt Waldau told reporters she expected further arrests on Wednesday as police reviewed footage of the incident Video posted on Facebook showed a crowd of men confronting the LGBT activists and appearing to throw punches Mr Latham, a member of the right-wing populist One Nation party, is an outspoken critic of the teaching of “gender diversity” in schools บาคาร่าออนไลน์UFABET
We provide free printable worksheet for kids and preschoolers. https://symbiota.ccber.ucsb.edu/checklists/checklist.php?clid=11531
https://symbiota.ccber.ucsb.edu/checklists/checklist.php?clid=11531
We provide free printable worksheet for kids.
Nice post! This is a very nice blog that I will definitively come back to more times this year! Thanks for informative post.mediterranean food near me
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting? I’m pleased I discovered it though, ill be checking back soon to find out what additional posts you include. daftar link server international