by

Railway Industry in France

TGV 1

1. Industry Overview:

In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train.  SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.

>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en

Types of Train in France:

01-TGV

02-Lunea

03-Teoz

04-TER

06-Intercites

Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:

– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed

– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel

– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed

– Low marginal cost and high production cost

– Product can be sold in advance

– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.

However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.

– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)

– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats

———

 2. Space

Railway industry defines space implicitly.

Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.

 Economy Class:
01-Class2
 Comfort Class:

01-Class 1

Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.

01-TGV Bar

For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.

Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.

I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.

——

3. Time

Railway industry defines time implicitly.

Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.

However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively.  Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.

>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html

The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated.  Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.

——–

4. Price

Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.

Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.

Price at 1 week before departure
01-Price-1st class-10AM-1wk

Price at 2 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-2wk

Price at 3 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-3wk

Price at 4 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-4wk

Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.

The physical rate fences are the classes:
01-Booking-Class

 

The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty

01-Booking-Rate Fences-1

01-Booking-Rate Fences-2

01-Booking-Rate Fences-3

01-Booking-Rate Fences-4

As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.

 

(-Thao Ly)

——–

References:

http://www.raileurope.com

http://www.tgv-europe.com

http://www.sncf.co.uk/

Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods

Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry

 

206,008 thoughts on “Railway Industry in France”

  2. The Coinbase Wallet Transfer Limit refers to the maximum amount of cryptocurrency that can be sent or received in a single transaction or within a certain time frame using the Coinbase Wallet platform. This limit is set by Coinbase and may vary depending on factors such as the user’s account verification level, transaction history, and local regulations.

  3. Canvas is een ongelooflijk veelzijdig materiaal dat voor allerlei toepassingen kan worden gebruikt. Van kunstschilderen tot het maken van tassen en jassen, de mogelijkheden zijn bijna eindeloos. Canvas is een uitzonderlijk sterk materiaal dat niet gemakkelijk breekt of scheurt, waardoor het ideaal is voor zware voorwerpen zoals tenten en overkappingen. De lage kosten en duurzaamheid maken het tot een favoriete keuze voor veel productiewerkzaamheden, zoals canvas rugzakken of stevigere kampeertenten met waterdichte hoezen. Het lichte gewicht van canvas maakt het aantrekkelijk voor iedereen die de last die ze dragen tijdens het kamperen of backpacken wil verminderen; de textuur geeft het een tijdloze look die elk item er chic en stijlvol laat uitzien. Of u nu iets moois of stevigs wilt maken, canvas is een uitstekende optie! Natuurlijke Burlington stoffen

  7. Why Is Aliexpress So Cheap?

    AliExpress is often considered as a budget-friendly shopping platform because it offers products at relatively lower prices than other online marketplaces. The main reason behind the low prices of products on AliExpress is the direct sourcing of products from Chinese manufacturers or suppliers. By cutting out intermediaries like wholesalers and retailers,
    AliExpress sellers can offer their products at lower prices to the customers. Additionally, the cost of labor and production in China is relatively cheaper compared to other countries, which also contributes to the lower pricing of products on AliExpress. However, it’s important to note that the quality of products and shipping times can vary significantly on AliExpress, so it’s always important to read reviews and do your research before making a purchase.
    Details is here
    https://www.bestsellerchina.com/do-you-know-why-is-aliexpress-so-cheap/

  8. Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. slot gacor

  9. Experience the best of Pune with our selection of beautiful and professional escorts. Pune Escorts Service team is dedicated to providing you with an unforgettable experience, tailored to your needs and desires. We have the perfect escort for any occasion – book now!
    https://www.nehatondon.in

  10. PGSLOT PGSLOT is a game that can actually earn a lot of money for players. Causing quite a lot of people to turn to play as the main occupation In which those people will be called PGSLOT masters, they will have very brilliant playing techniques, no matter what form of slots game they will always win.

  13. UK888 – สำหรับคอพนันท่านใดที่กำมองหาการเล่น คาสิโนออนไลน์ เว็บไหนดี ขอนำเสนอ uk888bets เป็นคาสิโนออนไลน์กำลังเป็นที่นิยมมากขึ้นสำหรับผู้ที่มองหาประสบการณ์การเล่นเกมที่สนุกสนานและคุ้มค่า ด้วยตัวเลือกที่มีอยู่มากมาย จึงเป็นเรื่องยากที่จะตัดสินใจว่าจะเล่นคาสิโนออนไลน์ที่ใด โชคดีที่คุณได้มาเจอ uk888bets เพราะเราทุกมีทุกสิ่งที่คุณสามารถดูได้เมื่อเลือกคาสิโนออนไลน์ที่เหมาะกับคุณ ตั้งแต่การเลือกเกมไปจนถึงการบริการลูกค้า โบนัส และวิธีการชำระเงินที่มี ปัจจัยทั้งหมดเหล่านี้ควรนำมาพิจารณาในการตัดสินใจของคุณ เมื่อคำนึงถึงสิ่งนี้แล้ว เรามาดูเคล็ดลับบางประการเกี่ยวกับสถานที่ที่จะเล่นคาสิโนออนไลน์ยอดฮิต คาสิโนออนไลน์ เว็บไหนดี

  20. I’ve properly selected to build a blog, which I hold been deficient to do for a during. Acknowledges this information, it’s serviceable. You possess lifted an essential offspring. Bless for using. I would want to study better the latest transactions from this blog..preserve posting. 留学生辅导

  23. If you’re looking to drive targeted traffic to your website and generate new leads and sales for your business in Noida, PPC advertising can be an effective way to do so. However, to get the most out of your PPC campaigns, it’s crucial to partner with a reputable PPC agency in Noida that can help you achieve your digital marketing goals.
    PPC Agency In Noida

  24. ยินดีต้อนรับทุกท่านที่สนใจเกมเดิมพันสุดมันส์ เว็บ betworld เป็นแพลตฟอร์มการพนันออนไลน์ ที่นำเสนอเกมสล็อตที่สนุกตื่นเต้นมากมายสำหรับผู้เล่นจากทั่วทุกมุมโลก เราจัดเตรียมสภาพแวดล้อมที่ปลอดภัยสำหรับการเล่นเกมเหล่านี้ พร้อมด้วยเทคโนโลยีการเข้ารหัสล่าสุดและมาตรการป้องกันการฉ้อโกงที่มีประสิทธิภาพ เว็บไซต์ของเรายังมาพร้อมกับโบนัสและโปรโมชั่นมากมาย ทำให้ผู้เล่นของเรามีโอกาสที่จะชนะรางวัลใหญ่ ด้วยอินเทอร์เฟซที่เป็นมิตรต่อผู้ใช้ของเรา คุณสามารถสำรวจเว็บไซต์และค้นหาเกมสล็อตออนไลน์ที่คุณชื่นชอบได้อย่างง่ายดาย มาร่วมสนุกกับเราที่ เบทเวิลสล็อต และเตรียมพร้อมรับประสบการณ์ที่น่าตื่นเต้นของการเดิมพันสล็อตออนไลน์ นิวสล็อต สล็อต pg

  28. Mermaid Richesเป็นเกมเดิมพันที่สมบูรณ์แบบสำหรับคุณ ด้วยเกมสล็อตนางเงือกใหม่นี้ นักพนันสามารถเพลิดเพลินกับประสบการณ์การเดิมพันที่สมจริงอย่างที่ไม่เคยมีมาก่อน

  29. From road art to style, downtown tradition has been designed by the perspective and imagination of these musicians and designers.Moreover, manufacturers and musicians in downtown tradition are not scared to force limits and concern the status quo. They choose their imagination to undertake social problems and to problem the norms of society. They’re a speech for the marginalized and the oppressed, and they choose their software to advocate for change. That activism is really a essential component of the heart of downtown tradition, and it has influenced numerous visitors to get action and produce a difference.

    Manufacturers and musicians in downtown tradition also enjoy a vital position in shaping the aesthetic landscape of the community. Spirit of urban culture From murals to clothing patterns, their performs establish the cosmetic of downtown culture. They choose color, structure, and type to generate performs which are creatively striking and meaningful. Their performs have a strong effect on town, influencing everything from style trends to area revitalization projects.Furthermore, manufacturers and musicians in downtown tradition usually collaborate with each other and with different people of town to generate performs which are truly collaborative. They realize the significance of community creating and use their art to bring persons together. That collaborative approach is really a testament to the energy and resilience of the downtown culture.

  31. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here! keep up the good work… skins

  32. Gammas Art Gallery sells premium quality Tibetan paintings called Thangka. Our online gallery exhibits exclusive art from Nepal & Tibet. Thangka painting & mandala are handmade in an ancient unique way using 24 Carat Gold, Sterling Silver and Precious Minerals, such as Pearl, Coral, Lapis Lazuli, Cinnabar, Sulfur, Azurite, Malachite etc 🌟 To buy exclusive Thangka paintings visit our online shop!

    buddhist mandala

  33. Likoria is an Urdu-language book for the treatment of heart and renal problems. The book comes with health tips that
    leukorrhea treatment originated from the teachings of Islam and have been clinically proven to be effective. It helps diminish swollen legs, chest pain, gas accumulation in the intestine, etc., in just 30 days or less.

  34. IsoSensuals Enhance Breast Enlargement Cream: This cream contains natural ingredients such as volufiline and macadamia oil to help increase breast size and improve skin texture. breast size increase cream How to Use Tightening Creams To get the most out of your tightening cream, it’s important to use it correctly. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to apply the cream:

  35. An extraordinary percentage, I presently given this onto a colleague who turned into genuinely appearing a touch research for this. And then he certainly furnished me breakfast because I ran during it for him.. Smile. So well then, i’ll reword that: Thnx for any deal with! But yeah Thnkx for spending some time to speak approximately this, Personally i anticipate strongly regarding this and enjoy reading a great deal extra about this situation be counted range. If you can, as you expand know-how, should you thoughts updating your weblog internet page with lots greater information? It is without a doubt distinctly of amazing assist for me. Large thumb up in this blog positioned up! Shark Tank Keto Gummies

  36. These are just your Kolkata escorts who are the companions who can make your life worth living if you spend a few moments with them.

  38. LETSEATHICWEARFASHION
    Cultural and geographic branding
    Cultural and geographic branding are virtually two separate, however comparable, branding styles. Yet, both are famous in the tourism enterprise.

    Geographic branding is for towns, states, regions, or even countries. For example, think of “I Love New York” to symbolize New York City and the Eiffel Tower as a symbol of Paris. Cultural branding is comparable but specializes in the cultural aspects of a vicinity over the geographic ones. For example, think of “a sidewalk cafe” instead of the Eiffel Tower to represent Paris or “the Japanese tea rite” versus Mount Fuji to symbolize Japan.

    So what kind of businesses can gain from cultural and geographic branding? Tourism and tourism-adjacent businesses, like resorts and airport taxis for sure, additionally, any commercial enterprise that makes its region of starting place a focus in its branding.

    A tea organization that ships teas from India everywhere in the world might tap into some cultural branding using the use of the Indian flag’s colorings in their logo or an up-and-coming watch emblem may make the most of the clout related to Swiss watches by incorporating illustrations of the Alps into website design.

    Corporate branding

    If an organization is a person, their corporate branding is how they explicit their persona. Corporate branding, much like different forms of branding, is the collection of design selections and movements that speak critical factors about the Brand, like its:

    · Values

    · Mission

    · Price point

    · Exclusivity

    · Ideal client

    Corporate branding goes beyond website design and commercials. It includes how employers conduct themselves socially and professionally, like partnering with precise charities or responding to modern-day activities. Corporate branding additionally frequently extends to the enterprise’s recruiting efforts and the company’s way of life, which, in the end, shapes how the public perceives the Brand.

    One well-known instance of an organization with complete company branding internally and externally is Google, which famously presents employees with the whole thing they could in all likelihood need—free lunch, on-web page hospital therapy, loose shuttles to and from paintings, and a generous quantity of paid parental leave, to call some—at the same time as being one of the most widely diagnosed manufacturers in the international. As a result, working at Google sounds more like a possibility than an activity to any potential employees, a chance to be shared with one of the world’s leading dynamic, creative companies. read more:- https://letseathicwearfashion.blogspot.com/

  41. Post was quite decent. I recently came upon your site and wanted to let you know how much I’ve been enjoying reading your writings. In any case, I’ll be signing up for your feed and I look forward to your next post. Many thanks for the helpful information. Dark web Links

  42. The customer service by Best Vape Mart is top-notch, with friendly and knowledgeable staff on hand to answer any questions and help customers find the right products for their needs. This level of support is especially important for new vapers who may be unfamiliar with the different types of devices and flavors available.

  43. 家の心臓部である水回りのエキスパート、リノベアがお客さまの中にある理想の暮らし＝アイディアを実現、形にします。おしゃれも快適もあきらめない暮らしをご提案いたします。快適なのにしゃれている、使い勝手がいいのに映える、そんなリノベアのリノベーション。
    リフォーム　費用　名古屋

  44. Two full thumbs up for this magneficent article of yours. I’ve really enjoyed reading this article today and I think this might be one of the best article that I’ve read yet. Please, keep this work going on in the same quality. best iptv

  46. Our focus on Weight Loss Medications, which is rare to find and high in demand gave us the popularity and the shape of this online shop as we now deal with other pharmaceuticals like Sex,Pain and Anxiety medicines.

    Rohypnol Flunitrazepam 1mg

  47. Situs Daftar judi tanpa rekening terbaru cukup dengan Ewallet game slot online paling gacor merupakan agen judi paling oke pulsa terpercaya

    link ENDOLITA

  49. beautyclean realmente funciona para clarear manchas, especialmente o Beauty Clean para melasma funciona mesmo, desde sua composição até como usar o Beauty Clean, além de nossa resenha honesta sobre se Beauty Clean vale a pena ou não.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *