1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Tasa Micro SPM was started in 1995 to bring high precision machine tool systems for the small and medium scale automotive and aerospace manufacturing industries. Over the last two decades, the idea of building machine tool design and, developing new economical manufacturing processes has helped in bringing precision manufacturing into the Indian automotive industry.
Over the last two decades, we have developed bespoke solutions like Broaching – Internal Broaching Machine, External Broaching Machines, CNC Helical broaching and Surface Broaching, Table-Up Surface Gear Tooth Deburring, Table-Up Broaching Machines, Post Hobbing solutions – Gear Tooth Deburring, PLC Gear Tooth Chamfering, CNC Gear tooth Chamfering, CNC Gear Tooth Rounding Machine, CNC Gear Tooth Pointing Machines, CNC Swaging Machines, CNC/ PLC metal cutting Special Purpose Machines that includes automation, drilling, turning, milling, boring and robotic material handling systems
Recognition brings better clarity towards our successes and introduciWFFFng new technologies to support the manufacturing industry. We have been awarded the FIE Foundation Award in IMTEX 2013 for supporting our customers in every step towards manufacturing process development. Our services include design, development, manufacturing and providing training in operating the machine system
คาสิโนออนไลน์ อันดับหนึ่งของประเทศไทย และเว็บไซต์ สล็อตออนไลน์ Fomobet88 มีสมาชิกออนไลน์ หลายล้านคนและเกมส์เครดิตฟรีปี 2023 ที่ต้องลอง คาสิโนออนไลน์
Offers convenience in terms of safe deposit payment transactions trusted situs slot online and has collaborated with leading banks in Indonesia, E-Money, and well-known number providers such as BNI, BCA, Mandiri, BRI, CIMB, GoPay, DANA, OVO, Credit Telkomsel.
This website has a lot of interesting information to be had! pekanbola
This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs… 토토
Dear sleep: thanks for trying, but you can’t beat surfing the net. ทีเด็ดฟุตบอล
terus terang saya kagum dengan artikel ini banyak sekali yang berminat membaca artikel ini test toefl itp online
sungguh pertamax gan terimakasih untuk infonya jasa anti rayap cibubur
Chandigarh Escorts believe in rendering bona fide sexual services to clients. Our escorts provide a pure mode of erotic pleasure to men who desire sexual happiness. The benefit of escorts is one of the best ways to sense the best sexual deals you were missing.
sangat luar biasa, terima kasih infonya !!! harga hidrolis cuci mobil
salam dan selamat pagi wishnya semoga yang terbaik dan kebaikan selalu memihak aamiin paket aqiqah untuk anak laki laki
This is a absolutely right webweb page publish. Not too many human beings might certainly, the manner you simply did. I am definitely inspired that there may be a lot statistics approximately this challenge which have been exposed and you`ve performed your best, with a lot class. If desired to recognize extra approximately inexperienced smoke reviews, than via way of means of all approach are available in and take a look at our stuff. gclub
Looking Genuine and Real hot looking Hyderabad Escorts for your bed? Then Contact NatashaRoy Escorts Agency, here you get different type of hot looking VIP Female Escort Call Girls of your choice.
สล็อตออนไลน์ แหล่งรวมเกมทำเงิน ให้กับผู้เล่น ทุกคนที่สนใจ เข้ามาเดิมพัน เกมสล็อตออนไลน์ แจกเครดิตฟรีทุกวัน
This information is so useful, I can share this with everyone.
Mahindra Jivo</a
no inctrease in cardic oflow where utput and or increased spa center at hyderabad
in the revealed
Superb website and I will share your content to friends, informative Wonderful Team!, It Blog offers valubale infoamtion thanks a lot.
18 Wheeler Truck
My brother recommended I might like this web site.
check my page you can get some money lets Click : AN
We know that you can’t get satisfied with a single variety of beautiful ladies. It would be best if you had versatility. And you will find the same in the case of our Escorts service in Chandigarh. These escorts are the best professionals who always make things go perfectly for their clients.
Well, in our list, you will find every category of escort. From the mature to the college girls, there is a versatile category from which you can choose your righteous partner. Well, you can assure us that whatever we display, we offer the same in real life. In case of other exotic needs, you can directly call us, and we will make the necessary arrangements. So choose your Chandigarh Call Girls from our list.
Well done! This is so amazing !!. I’m glad I read this article and hope you write again soon maxwin99
I read a article under the same title some time ago, but this articles quality is much, much better. How you do this. practice management software
I love the way you write and share your niche! Very interesting and different! Keep it coming! 토토
https://5m.live/saclub7/saclub7 เป็น เว็บไซต์การพนัน ได้รับการก่อตั้งเป็นบริการเดิมพันโดยตรงที่คุณสามารถเล่นเกมบาคาร่าบนอินเทอร์เน็ตและรับรางวัลในรูปแบบของใบรับรองประสบการณ์การเล่นเกมที่นำเสนอโดย นั้นไม่เหมือนใคร
Good Post I genuinely appreciate and find inspiration in your content.Sobh Plots Hosur
Bir derse nasıl çalışılır? Her dersin kendine has bir metodu vardır. Derslerde doğru metodu kullandığınızda başarıyı sağlamış olursunuz. Hangi derse nasıl bit metot uygulanacağını öğrenmek için yazımızı inceleyin.
An interesting discussion will be worth comment. I believe that you simply write more on this topic, it will not often be a taboo subject but normally everyone is insufficient to chat on such topics. To the next. Cheers Ac repair las vegas
Pay4d Trusted Gacor Credit Deposit Slot Gambling – Togel Slot Agent in Indonesia Cipinang4d provides the best and most complete 6 lottery markets in Indonesia, such as Singapore Lottery, Hong Kong Afternoon, Taiwan, Sydney, Singapore, Malaysia, Qatar, Hong Kong. We also provide 5 popular online slot providers in Indonesia, such as Pragmatic Play, PG Soft, Habanero, CQ9, Spade Gaming, Top Trend Gaming, and Joker Gaming. We are also one of the online lottery agents who dare to give the highest prizes without discounts and can be saved via credit. Enjoy the many attractive promos from credit deposit slots that we will provide specifically for our new members. Cipinang4d is one of the best and most complete gacor slot game sites in Indonesia because it can issue big jackpots of up to hundreds of millions every day. Various pragmatic 4D game variations such as Live Online Casino are available with Ion Casino providers, Pragmatic Live Casino for direct IDN and accept credit deposit slots . Pulse slot gambling and Direct Casino accept deposits via Telkomsel and XL Credit. We also provide the best fish shooting games and the 6 best online lottery markets in Indonesia. Online Slot Gambling Site Easy to Win at Cipinang4D Cipinang 4D Slot is one of the easiest online slot gambling sites to win because there are so many slot games that are really crazy. We always give leaks of today’s gacor slots to all Cipinang4D members. Indeed, we admit that leaks of gacor slots don’t always guarantee your 100% win, but you don’t need to worry. Cipinang4D provides a slot loss guarantee of 100% to all new members who experience defeat at online slot gambling. This slot loss guarantee makes the cipinang4d site one of the number 1 best 100% loss guarantee slot sites in Indonesia. pay4d
Great website and I will share your content to friends, informative Wonderful Team!, It Blog offers valubale infoamtion thanks a lot.
Electric Pickups
Living more consciously is about being mindful of the โปรโมชั่น choices you make and how they affect your own wellbeing,
This is my first time visit here. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not only one having all the enjoyment right here. Mega777
Intersting post and site. Good that Google listed so i was able to get here. This site will go no in my bookmarks from now. Mega77
Promotion to welcome Songkran Festival
โปรสงกรานต์2023
When treating a client, massage therapists may make use of lotions, oils, massage tables, or chairs. Depending on the type of massage, a session might be any length. Visit body massage spa near me price
Kebanyakan para pemain slot yang sering live rtp slot terlengkap mengalami kegagalan adalah selalu mengabaikan bocoran yang dianggap tidak berpengaruh dalam meraih kemenangan.
When treating a client, massage therapists may make use of lotions, oils, massage tables, or chairs. Depending on the type of massage, a session might be any length. body massage spa near me price
There tend to be not many people who can certainly write not so simple posts that artistically. Continue the nice writing.
Tractor Price
halo, bagus kali situsmu!! luar biasa hebatnya, aku tandai situs mu. aku pun nemu banyak info berguna disini dipostinganmu, tengkiu kali lah dah mau berbagi ama kami kami ini. slot garansi kekalahan 100
Hello I am Yiling independent boy from Taiwan. Thanks for your valuable post.
Taichung washing machine clean service, it will make your clothes clean and smell good, just looking for us。台中清洗洗衣機
I have read your blog as it provides very unique information. After reading the complete blog I’ve come to know a lot of things. Keep sharing such type of information with us. Thankspixwox
Find best used plate compactor for sale & soil compactor machine on Ironlist with best deal price from popular brands like Caterpillar, Hamm, Dynapac, Bomag, JCB in India & USA
Soil Compactor
Inida’s no.1 spa center body massage mentres near me giving you best quality massage.
It is very easy to understand at a glance. It is veryBANDAR SLOT INDO777! especially for me. Very informative. Thank you for the share.
Take the best step toward hiring our Bangalore Call Girls and sense the extreme mode of satisfaction with these girls. They will make good arrangements for their customers. Thus these are the good ladies who always deliver unique and extreme time to their customers. There is no limit to the service of these girls.
Thanks for the nice blog. It was very useful for me. I’m happy I found this blog. Thank you for sharing with us,I too always learn something new from your post ! Poker Online Resmi Terpercaya !
You can certainly taste the extremity with these girls. You can browse our website to check on our category of outstanding girls. A booking form is present on the website through which you can tell us about your request. We respond immediately to your request. You can also call us or can drop by our agency to take the Bangalore Escorts Service of the girls. Call us.
This is a decent site post. Are you interested in knowing how to redeem Roblox promo codes? If yes, then I prefer to read the article about Roblox codes. Roblox promo codes are nothing but codes that will help you redeem an exclusive item, clothes, and many more things.
let’s enjoy body massage again come back to our body massage centre in egmore chennai, enjoy the fun of massage once you will never forget this best service thank you
Fantastic and really remarkable site. Appreciate to view. Hold Rocking.สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
Laman situs Panjitogel selalu menjadi situs yang terbaru